Engelbert Kaempfer
A doctor, the natural historian that rem go in northern Germany is from it as for Engelbert Kaempfer (by the Engelbert Kaempfer, modern German reading エンゲルベアト Kemp fur, from September 16, 1651 to November 2, 1716). I am known as a writer of "the day this magazine" which described Japan systematically for the first time in Europe.
Table of contents
Career
Departure
I am born as a son of the clergymen in the rem go of the existing Noll tiger in = ヴェストファーレン state. I grow up in German Thirty Years' War in the times when I went to ruin and have an experience of birth, an uncle having been sentenced to death in the district where witch hunting remained till late by a witch trial exceptionally. It is thought that these two experience led to mind of ケンペル for peace and the stable order later. After having learned in a Latin school of hometown and Hameln, I learn philosophy, the history, various ancient times and a language of the current master of a home more in Luneburg, Lubeck, Danzig. I wrote the first article about the political thought in Danzig. Furthermore, I continued studying in トルン, Krakow, Konigsberg.
I move to the academy of Uppsala, Sweden in 1681. Therefore I become an acquaintance of German natural historian ザムエル phone プーフェンドルフ and will accompany the mission which the Swedish King curl eleventh dispatches in the Safavid of Russia czar country (Grand Duchy of Muscovy) and Persia on his recommendation as the doctor and a secretary. The grand tour to go half round the earth of ケンペル begins here.
I leave Stockholm, and, on October 2, 1683, the mission arrives at Astrakhan via Moscow on November 7, the same year. I come to Silouane (current Azerbaidjan) and spend January crossing the Caspian Sea by ship there. ケンペル became the first European who recorded it by this experience about Baku and an oil field of the neighborhood. Furthermore, I continued going south and entered Persia and arrived at capital Esfahan on March 24 in the next year. ケンペル spends 20 months in Iran with a mission and I spread the information more and leave manners and customs of Persia and Ottoman Empire, the record about the administrative organization. He is one of the Europeans who recorded it about remains of Persepolis first again.
in Japan
A Netherlands fleet just entered van Dahl Abbas at that time. ケンペル catches the opportunity and makes up my mind to part from a mission, and to go over to India as a ship's doctor. I worked as a ship's doctor of the Netherlands East India Company in this way for approximately one year [1]. It went over to Batavia of the Netherlands territory East Indies with the base of the East India Company, and therefore it was going to open a doctor's office, but it was an available steamer to Japan where information was poor by national seclusion in those days afterwards that rotated without succeeding when I felt deadlock. ケンペル passes to Japan in this way via Siam (Thailand). I stayed in Dejima as a doctor belonging to (Genroku era three years), a Netherlands firm for approximately two years in 1690. I experienced 江戸参府 in succession for (Genroku era five years) in (Genroku era four years) and 1692 in 1691 and had an audience with general, Tsunayoshi Tokugawa. During stay in Japan, I collected documents with the cooperation of Dutch interpreter, the Hajime Imamura gate-guard office energetically.
Returning home post
In 1692, I left Japan and came back to Batavia and returned to Europe after an interval of 12 years in 1695. I learn in Netherlands Leiden University and gain excellent results and acquire a medical doctorate. I set up the residence in リーメ which was near the hometown and practiced medicine as a doctor. It was a grand tour and started the study of the enormous collections which I collected here, but the work as the court physician of the earl who had a house in デトモルト nearby did not readily progress busily. I married the woman who was 30 years old younger in 1700, but relation did not go well and increased his troubles.
In 1712, I finally managed to reach the publication of the book entitled "pilgrimage spectacle" (Amoenitates Exoticae). I declare ケンペル in the above sentence about this book saying "there is not one what I wrote for imagination and only wrote only new fact and that it was unknown so far". Most of these books were written about Persia, and the Japanese description was only a part. I worked on writing of "today's Japan" (Heutiges Japan) which was a draft of "the day this magazine" for writing and the same period of "the pilgrimage spectacle", but, on November 2, 1716, ケンペル died without seeing the publication. There is the gymnasium which honors him publicly in hometown rem go, and named the name.
"Day this magazine"
Most of mementos of ケンペル were sold to Hans Sloane who was an earnest collector in the court physicians who served the British king (from Ann George II) of three generations by the bereaved. "Day this magazine" (The History of Japan) published in London by Sloane who let you translate posthumous works into English in 1727 was translated into French, Dutch. I found the draft which Enlightenment thinker Dome () was written by nephew Johan Hellman in Germany and published a German version (Geschichte und Beschreibung von Japan) in 1777-79. It is a driving force, and authority and the thing that I did are predominant in a generation among intellectuals, and Goethe, Kant, Voltaire, the Montesquieu and others love reading almost all "day this magazine", and, as for "the day this magazine," the description of the Japanese association between a French version (Histoire naturelle, civile, et ecclestiastique de I'empire du Japon) having been published and Diderot item of "the encyclopedia" is connected in Japonisme in the 19th century in particular. It was taken as the discovery of "the living fossil" that the ginkgo that it was thought that I already became extinct grew in Japan and had a big influence on Philip Franz phone Siebold who crossed it in Japan being late for ケンペル about 140 years later scientifically. Siebold honors ancient people of this country publicly with the book.
ケンペル introduced that there were "two rulers" of the emperor (= Emperor) of the ministry and the secular emperor (= general) in Japan in a book. Because the article about foreign relations recorded as an appendix in the "day this magazine" of Japan affirmed a Japanese foreign policy at the time of the Tsunayoshi Tokugawa administration, after "day this magazine" publication, I will affect not only Europe but also Japan. In addition, Tadao Shizuki translated this appendix article as an original text by the Dutch second edition (De Beschryving Van Japan 1733) of "the day this magazine" in (1801) in the Kyowa era first year and looked for the words that were suitable for the sentence because it too had a long title and named "a chain public opinion". The word "national seclusion" in Japanese was born here.
In addition, "Siam kingdom" (A Description of The Kingdom of Siam) assumed 所収 by English translation of 1727 is described by the viewpoint that is unusually "non-Catholic fault France mark" for a record about Thailand at the same period, and it is in a valuable source of information about the Thai history [2].
As for the exonumia of ケンペル which Sloane purchased, most are possessed in the British Museum. On the other hand, I seized it and looked good with the enormous collection of books left in Germany and have been scattered and lost. But his memo and documents exist in デトモルト. The revision of the manuscript is carried out recently, and "the day this magazine" knows a considerable different thing by his posthumous works and English first edition. Wolfgang Michel (Wolfgang MICHEL) played a key role, and "today's Japan" (Heutiges Japan) for original criticism was announced for the first time in 2001 [3]. As for the opener and the ケンペル complete works which I did, this original criticism version was published all six volumes (seven).
The Japanese translation by Tadashi Imai assumes a dome version an original text and is considerably different from the draft of ケンペル in several places. Thus, as for the current ケンペル study, what is based on a lot of ケンペル historical materials who was possessed by the ケンペル complete works including the original criticism version and the Great Britain library is global; become standard.
Book, Japanese documents
- Engelbert Kaempfer, Werke. Kritische Ausgabe in Einzelbänden. Herausgegeben von Detlef Haberland, Wolfgang Michel, Elisabeth Gössmann. München: Iudicium, 2001-2003. (original criticism version of the ケンペル document, seven books in total)
(Vol. 1/1, 1/2) Heutiges Japan. Hrsg. von Wolfgang Michel und Barend J. Terwiel. (2001) ISBN 3-89129-931-1 (including a manuscript, the commentary of "the day this magazine")
(Vol. 2) Briefe 1683–1715. Hrsg. von Detlef Haberland. (2001) ISBN 3-89129-932-X (letter)
(Vol. 3) Zeichnungen japanischer Pflanzen. Hrsg. von Brigitte Hoppe, bearbeitet von Petra-Andrea Hinz, Ursula Holler, Brigitte Hoppe, Wolfgang Michel. (2003) ISBN 3-89129-933-8 (Japanese pictorial book of flora)
(Vol. 4) Engelbert Kaempfer in Siam. Hrsg. von Barend Jan Terwiel. (2003) ISBN 3-89129-934-6 (Siam)
(Vol. 5) Notitiae Malabaricae. Hrsg. von Albertine Gaur. (2003) ISBN 3-89129-935-4 (India)
(Vol. 6) Russlandtagebuch 1683. Hrsg. von Michael Schippan. (2003) ISBN 3-89129-936-2 (Russian diary)
- Makoto Saito reason "江戸参府旅行日記" (Heibonsha Publishers Ltd. Orient library, 1979)
- Keiichiro Kobori "mission of the world history of thought ケンペル of the national seclusion" (Nakakou new book 1974)
- Beatrice Cos., Inc. M ボダルト = Bailey work, Naoichi Naka reason "interchange Nakakou new book with ケンペル and Dr. person from Tsunayoshi Tokugawa ードイツ and the general", 1994
- Beatrice Cos., Inc. M ボダルト = Bailey work, Naoichi Naka reason and "I come to the country of the ケンペル courtesy and am enough" "Minerva Japan critical biography choice" Minerva Publishing, 2009
- Beatrice Cos., Inc. M ボダルト = Bailey, Derek Massarella co-edited book, Naoichi Naka, Sayuri Kobayashi reason "encounter Osaka University publication society of far-off destination ケンペル and Tokugawa Japan", 1999
- Josef Kreiner edition "Japan which looked at of ケンペル" (NHK books: in Japan broadcast publication association 1996) the former edition the Krajina "トクガワ Japan which looked at of ケンペル" (six interest publication, 1992)
- Written by Akihide Oshima "history of reception - called "national seclusion" of verbal explanation - ケンペル work, Tadao Shizuki reason" "chain public opinion" ("research 5 Minerva Publishing of a person and the culture", 2009)
- "Trip student -". which gathered up Akihide Oshima ケンペル - system-like Japanese image It is 41-49 pages with "Dutch learning - border violation of Kyushu Wolfgang Michel, Yumiko Torii, Mahito Kawashima co-edited book for interchange" 思文閣出版, Kyoto, 2,009 years. （ISBN 978-4-7842-1410-5）
Footnote
- Philip Franz phone Siebold of the ^ same German was the same, too, but glossed over social position as "a mountain Dutchman" (Shangdong success "Japanese observers" Iwanami Shoten 2013 p.64).
- ^ Sioris, George A., Phaulkon - The Greek First Counsellor at the Court of Siam: An Appraisal, Bangkok: Siam Society under Royal Patronage, 1988, p.122 ISBN 978-974-8298-41-2
- ^ Heutiges Japan. Hrsg. von Wolfgang Michel und Barend J. Terwiel, 1/1, 1/2, München: Iudicium Verlag, 2001. (Textband und Kommentarband) (original criticism version of "today's Japan") ISBN 3-89129-931-1)
Allied item
Outside link
- ケンペル document (Japanese, English) in the website of professor emeritus at Engelbert Kaempfer Forum Kyushu University W ミヒェル
- "ケンプェル 江戸参府紀行" - modern digital library
- "ケンプェル 江戸参府紀行" second volume - modern digital library
- - ケンペル comes up in Part 2 on the Toson Shimazaki "break of day".
This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia Engelbert Kaempfer
This article is distributed by cc-by-sa or GFDL license in accordance with the provisions of Wikipedia.
In addition, Tranpedia is simply not responsible for any show is only by translating the writings of foreign licenses that are compatible with CC-BY-SA license information.
0 개의 댓글:
댓글 쓰기