DEMETER (man-made satellite)
| DEMETER | |
|---|---|
 DEMETER (illustration) which passes over Sakurajima | |
| Position | CNES |
| Official page | CNES DEMETER |
| International mark number | 2004-025C |
| Catalogue number | 28368 |
| State | The operational end |
| Purpose | Study of the foretelling an earthquake |
| It is targeted for observation | The ionosphere of the earth and geomagnetism |
| Design life | Two years |
| Launching place | Baikonur space station |
| Display machine | Dnepr-1 |
| The launching date and time | June 29, 2004 7:30 (UTC) |
| Breakdown day | 2010December 9 |
| Physical good point | |
| Main body dimensions | 0.6m x 0.6m x 0.8m |
| Mass | 130 kg |
| Outbreak electricity | 200W (last years of life) |
| Main pusher | Hydrazine raster (1N) *4 |
| Posture control system | 3 axis posture control |
| Orbital element | |
| It is targeted for go-around | The earth |
| Orbit | Sun synchronous orbit |
| High (h) | 715km (at the time of launching) 660km (after December, 2005) |
| Orbit angle of inclination (i) | 98.23 degrees |
| Orbit period (P) | 99 minutes |
| The dragon's tail passage In a district | 10:15 |
| Observation equipment | |
| IMSC | Magnetic field sensor |
| ICE | Electric field sensor |
| ISL | Langmuir probe |
| IAP | Plasma analyser |
| IDP | Particle detector |
DEMETER is a French earth observing satellite. It was equipped with a sensor to observe the ionosphere and studied the correlation of the magnetism change reflected by an earthquake occurrence and the ionosphere. DEMETER is abbreviation of "Detection of Electro-Magnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake Regions" (electromagnetic wave detection emitted from the earthquake occurrence area) and is the name that I gave to earth mother Demeter of the Greek myth.
Table of contents
Summary
It came to be known by the electric wave propagation of the VLF Zone that abnormality was taking place by satellite observation of the former Soviet Union with an earthquake occurrence from the 1980s, and the possibility that a change of the geomagnetism ahead of an earthquake disturbed the ionosphere and affected the way of travelling of electric waves had it pointed out by a researcher of former Soviet Union, France. A study to capture the geomagnetism change as the harbinger phenomenon of the earthquake occurrence has begun to appear in Japan by building a ground electric wave observation network in the 1990s. The man-made satellite which studied an earthquake, volcanic activity and connection of the ionospheric disturbance was suggested by a French scientist to push forward the study of this phenomenon more and was adopted as's first one engine of the scientific satellite series using smallsat bus MYRIADE of France Kunitachi space research center (CNES) in October, 1998.
Depth and width are 60cm, and height is a cube of 80cm, and DEMETER is 130 kg in weight and small size and extends arm one which attached a magnetic field sensor to the tip after launching and antenna four of the electric field sensor. The cost of the satellite is considered to be 17 million euros [1].
It is launched with the smallsat of seven others from Baikonur space station on June 29, 2004 by Dnieper rocket [2], and I am spent by a sun synchronous associate recurrence track to go around an altitude of 715km in 99 minutes. This became the third trial to continue as the man-made satellite which studied the harbinger of the earthquake occurrence from a point of view of the electromagnetism in Russian COMPASS-1 (communicates after 2001, launching, and stops), American QuakeSat (2003). As for the observation data, it was stored in the memory on the satellite and was transmitted to Toulouse space center twice a day, and the system to transfer it to the French national environmental physical chemistry research institute (LPC2E) mission center of Orleans, and to analyze had it stolen. The conduct of the observation mission was carried out by the Michel Paro doctor of the research institute which was a proposer of DEMETER.
In DEMETER, use for 2 years was planned at first until 2006, but I extended an observation period afterwards, and a breakdown command was sent on December 9, 2010 of six and a half years by launching.
Observation result
The statistical analysis that the seismic center collated with the observation result for two and a half years of DEMETER about 9,000 times of earthquakes that was shallower than 40km in magnitude 4.8 or more that occurred during an observation period was performed, and the results of research that the apparent decrease of the VLF electrostatic charge wave was seen in 0-4 hours before an earthquake occurrence were announced in 2007 [3]. In addition, DEMETER observes plural ionospheric disturbance before a Chilean earthquake (M8.8, February 27, 2010) each three days ago of the earthquake (M7.0, January 12, 2010) in Haiti seven days of the offing earthquake (M8.1, September 29, 2009) in Samoa ago [4].
A group of the University of Electronic-Communication participated in a study from Japan and paid my attention to a ホイスラモード wave of the standard radio wave Fukushima JJY station which DEMETER received and reported remarkable decrease of the electric wave strength that I appeared from one week ago of the Miyagi offing earthquake (M7.2, August 16, 2005) [5].
Observation equipment
- Magnetic field sensor IMSC (Instrument Magnetometre Search Coil)
- 3 axis search coil magnetometers. I measure a three-dimensional magnetic field ingredient (10Hz - 18kHz). I am attached to the tip of the arm of 1.9m in length to avoid the magnetic interference from the satellite body.
- Electric field sensor ICE (Instrument Champ Electrique)
- I extend four antennas of 4m in length to have a spherical electrode made of aluminum on the tip and measure the three-dimensional vector component of the electric field (DC - 3.25MHz).
- Langmuir probe ISL (Instrument Sonde de Langmuir)
- In a device measuring a plasma ion of the ionosphere, I put the Langmuir probe of a ball type and the cylinder type together. In the measurement range, electron density is 100 - 500,000/cm3, electron temperature 500 - 3,000K.
- Plasma analyser IAP (Instrument Analyseur de Plasma)
- An analyzer of the composition (H+, He+, O+, NO+) of the plasma ion and density, temperature, the speed.
- Particle detector IDP (Instrument Detecteur de Plasma)
- The silicon semiconductor detector which measures a high energy electron flux of the ionosphere. Energy counts an electronic flux of 70keV - 2500keV at strength of 256 harmony.
Allied item
Footnote
- ^ "Demeter, satellite renifleur de séismes". Libération (June 29, 2004). March 23, 2014 reading.
- ^ "Launch of Dnepr rocket on June 29." ESA (June 29, 2004). March 23, 2014 reading.
- ^ F. Němec, O. Santolík, M. Parrot, J. J. Berthelier (2008-3-15). "Spacecraft observations of electromagnetic perturbations connected with seismic activity." Geophysical Research Letters (American Geophysical Union) 35 (5). doi: 10.1029/2007GL032517.
- ^ "Ionospheric perturbations in association with seismic activity." CNES (November 2, 2010). July 10, 2011 reading.
- ^ 武藤史弥, Mari Yoshida, the 堀江匠他 "detection of the ionospheric disturbance with the earthquake using the DEMETER satellite" "Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers technology research report is NAID 110006419111 on 信学技報" 210th, September 6, 2007.
References, outside link
This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia DEMETER (man-made satellite)
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