R4M
 R4M having the large-scale warhead for the anti-tank | |
| R4M | |
|---|---|
| Kind | Rocket bomb |
| Production country |  German country |
| Design and fabrication | Heber AG |
| The generation | World War II |
| Specifications | |
| Diameter | 55mm |
| Full length | 812mm |
| Weight | 3.85 kg |
| Muzzle muzzle velocity | 525m/s |
| Effective range | 600-1000m (maximum range 1,500m) |
| The history | |
| The design year | 1944 |
| Production period | 1944-1945 |
| Deployment period | 1944-1945 |
| Deployment | Luftwaffe |
| Allied war, dispute | World War II |
R4M (German: Rakete, 4Kilogramm, Minengeschoss: a rocket bomb, 4 kilograms, a high-explosive projectile) is an immediate early practical multipurpose rocket bomb. It is put on a fighter and was used for air-to-air sky from the air, but is famous as a particularly air-to-air rocket bomb. Because I left a trail of the remarkable smoke after discharge, I had a nickname called "Orr perception" (German: Orkan, a storm).
This weapon was developed during World War II in Luftwaffe and was used only for a short term in last years of war. R4M was made a model of for many similar weapons used in almost all ambush machine of the 1940s and the 1950s after the war.
Development
R4M was developed in response to the importance of the weapon for the anti-bomber which a fighter of Luftwaffe was equipped with having increased. The design of the weapon of this kind began from small 20mm MG 151 cannon so as to be able to be equipped in the main wing of Foche-Wulf Fw190, but knew that I needed an average of 20 20mm bullets to shoot down four general bombers. The 20mm cannon was put on Messerschmitt Bf109, but, as for the cancer pod which increased drag attached to under "109" main wings, exchange (or I remodel it) was considered to be it to the thing of the 30mm MK 108 cannon. The cancer pod of MK 108 became somewhat big, but was able to shoot down four bombers in the dead shot from an average of one to three if it was this. However, MK 108 was once with the big ammunition considerably heavily, or it was difficult to hang an above-mentioned "mistake attack to navigate" twice. To make matters worse, 低伸性 of the trajectory was bad so that a range dropped more than 41m in the low muzzle muzzle velocity of this cannon very briefly in 1,000m ahead. It was necessary to access an aim to give a dead shot, and this meant that I put fighter oneself within the range of a range of 防御兵装 of the enemy bomber. A more powerful MK 103 cannon had higher muzzle muzzle velocity in exchange for weight and increase of the size, but the discharge speed was only 380-420/m for 600-650/m of MK 108.
I was used for "ヴェルファー = グラナーテ 21" use that "ドデル" (Dodel) was attached to Messerschmitt Bf 109, Bf 110 and Foche-Wulf Fw 190 (Werfer-Granate 21: Wfr. Gr. 21) and broke the crowd formation (combat box) of the U.S. Army Airlines forces (USAAF) bomber into derived from a ネーベルヴェルファー 42 type. However, in addition to discharge pipe in itself having already produced considerable drag, it worsened increase of the drag more that it was necessary for a rocket bomb to attach a discharge pipe approximately 15 degrees from stability in anticipation of what a fall (ballistic drop) considerably did after not only five bare props which fixed it to the main wing undersurface but also the discharge upward.
It was the rocket bomb of the small diameter to promote with the solid fuel which the solution to substitute comprised the warhead like the engine cannonball, and had a big large-diameter rocket launcher of a cancer pod and the drag of the main wing undersurface. "One" weight becomes heavier than an engine cannonball targeted for a comparison, but what do not need the cannon main body will reduce whole weight suitably. The difference of the weight was remarkable, and the rocket bomb which more greatly than the cannon which substituted had a long range was more lightweight.
R4M of the air-to-air version used a large-scale warhead of 55mm in diameter to incorporate a hexogen bursting charge of 520g to guarantee shooting down by approximately one hit. Even if the weight of one R4M was launched from distance of 1,000m of the range outside of 防御兵装 of the enemy bomber at 3.2 kg, it was equipped with fuel of enough quantity, and the rocket bomb body was an easy metal pipe with the jumping out-type feather which functioned as the stabilizer. 12 piled it up and were comprised of two footstools and covered the range of 15*30m in 1,000m front when they fired 24 all at once, and they were usually the dispersion ranges that were enough in this because it was approximately certain to shoot down an aim with one. In R4M, by six were usually performed 4 firing in volleys of from distance of 600m every 0.07 seconds. R4M could use two kinds of warheads, and, normal "PB-3 where the air-to-air business carried a bursting charge of 0.4 kg," anti-tank use was "bread czar blitz II" which had a large-scale warhead with structure like bread czar Shrek (Panzerblitz II: PB-2).
Operational
The most were Messerschmitt Me262 and Foche-Wulf Fw 190 for the ground-attack, and the body equipped with R4M was equipped in the small gallows bitts of the main wing undersurface with a minimal number.
R4M spent by the actual fighting might have good affinity with Me262 and showed a great effect. Me 262 equipped with R4M which Gordon ゴロプ general commands in "ace" (The Big Show) of the book in March, 1945 flies away from the flight examination room of the overflax gaue, and Pierre Closterman who is a French ace pilot writes it down when I reported shooting down of 14 Boeing flying fortress by one sortie. I reported shooting down of 30 flying fortress only by Me 262 equipped with R4M in April, 1945 having given three damage. Because Luftwaffe noticed flying R4M rocket bomb drawing a trajectory trace like 30mm MK 108 cannon, a standard Levi 16B aim machine was used effectively.
In postwar period R4M of 2.75 in (70mm) "Mk4 FFAR" (Folding-Fin Aerial Rocket) of U.S. forces and 5 larger in (127mm) "zoo knee rocket bombs" made a model of it.
Photo e
This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia R4M
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