Freemantle prison
Coordinate: 32°3'18" S 115°45'13" E / 32.05500 degrees S 115.75361 degrees E
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 Freemantle prison | |||
| Fame | Australian Convict Sites | ||
| The name of a Buddha | Sites de bagnes australiens | ||
| Registration division | Cultural heritage | ||
| Registration standard | (4), (6) | ||
| The registration year | 2010 | ||
| Official site | World heritage center (English) | ||
| Usage, indication | |||
Freemantle prison (English :Fremantle Prison) is the prison which Western Australia, Freemantle ever had. In 60,000 square meters of sites, there are a prison, a gatehouse, tofu, cottage, tunnel for prevention of escape-proof and a work of art which prisoners left. In 2010, it was enrolled in a world heritage of UNESCO as one of "Australian Convict Sites" with 10 other historic spots.
Table of contents
History
It is about 1850 that Freemantle prison was built. The start of the colonist by the freedman in this area begins for construction of Swan River Colony (I change my name later in the Western Australia colony) of 1829. In 1849, farmers of the colony required the transportation from the British own country to the colony of the prisoner who was an expert worker for the colony government. However, in the colony side, nothing got ready to accept a prisoner because Scindian with 75 prisoners (en) had arrived at Swan River Colony earlier than their demand arrived in the own country. When I rode with Scindian, and Edmund Henderson (en) who would take office as the Western Australia penal colony governor-general in 1850 admitted that there were not the preparations for colony at all, I built the temporary house for prisoners immediately. The house is used today as エスプランデ hotel.
Using the work force of prisoners, I cut and brought down limestone and, with James Manning and the supervisor of the Henry lei (en) who received instructions of Henderson, started the construction of the prison. It was about 1859 that the construction that began in 1851 was finished. It was about 1855 first that a prisoner was confined in prison by this prison [1]. The model of the prison of this time was ペントンヴィル prison in England (en); [2].
When the construction of the prison was completed, prisoners often participated in the construction of Perth town hall (en) and the Freemantle refuge (today's Freemantle art center (en)). The Freemantle prison which prisoners built at the time was called a limestone lodge (lodge made of the limestone) unofficially.
In 1868, exile measures to Western Australia were abolished. Therefore the number of exile prisoners in Western Australia will gradually decrease. In 1886, the prison changed Freemantle prison and the name and became the jurisdiction of the Western Australia colony government. I will move to the Freemantle prison where a prisoner in local Western Australia became the Western Australia's greatest prison. Other states finish the abolition of exile measures to Western Australia late in comparison with other states in 1853 [3]. The bread factory at the time of the limestone lodge will be reborn as a house of the woman prisoner. As for the woman prisoner, around 60 people were confined in prison at any time until I moved to the bandy up woman prison in the northeastern part of Perth in 1970. The prisoner confinement facilities in the Freemantle prison for women became the receptionist of the prison afterwards.
When I built the building, six shafts were sunk from a lime rock formation by the aquifer in the east side of the prison. This purpose is intended to supply a prisoner with fresh water. Because the quality of the water of the water used in a prison was of better quality than the Perth city, I would engage by hand, and, as for prisoners, work to draw 55 million liters of water in the year was carried to the built water in Perth City. Because a steam pump was comprised in 1888, prisoners built it, and they were freed from work.
In 1896, I will dig a tunnel to 20 meters below ground of the prison. The purpose was to draw more groundwater. It was carried out by abusing prisoners for the construction of the tunnel in severe environment. The available part of the tunnel was beyond 1 kilometer, but when it was 1910, the tunnel facilities of the prison basement were abandoned, and a tool and the facilities used for construction were just left unattended. This tunnel came to produce an urban legend in this area in various ways afterwards.
When gold rush comes to come in Western Australia in 1907, the population in this area will spread rapidly. Therefore I had with the work force of prisoners and cut and brought down limestone from the lot nest island (en), and the construction of the house was carried out, and a city area was enlarged. The panopticon affected by Jeremy Bentham at this time was built [2]. The condemned criminal engaged in the construction of the city area at that time, too.
The Australian army used the army using a part of the Freemantle prison as a military prison during until June, 1946 from September, 1939 till World War II was finished from World War I. The army was used in the lot nest island nearby as a military prison.
It was about 1964 that the last death penalty was carried out at Freemantle prison. The last death penalty performer was Eric Edgar Cook of the serial killer (en).
Because the temperature in the prison reached 52.2 degrees on January 4, 1988, the riot of prisoners occurred [4]. 70 prisoners occupied 4 divisions of the prison and held 15 prison guards hostage [5]. As a result of this riot, I gave fire prevention facilities serious damage and reached the amount of money of 1,800,000 Australian dollars (Freemantle prison riot).
Triggered by this case, the Freemantle prison will begin to work to closedown. Prisoners who the Freemantle prison is closed in November, 1991, and were confined in prison at the time of [6] will be moved to the カジュアリナ prison (en) in southern Perth. Construction finished the カジュアリナ prison as the latest prison which turned into the timeworn Freemantle prison in the same year.
Structure
The Thomas leech Dixon (en) took nine years and built the system of the prison. Edmund Henderson who worked with Dixon engaged in construction of the restitution center. The thought of the prison construction of Henderson is gathered by the following words.
…all the buildings connected with prison, either built or proposed, are of the simplest and plainest construction, and that all ornamental expense has… Been carefully avoided' (Kerr, Design for Convicts, p 166)
All buildings connected to the prison must be the simplest buildings including the thing that construction was completed or a thing planning. In addition, the expense for all decoration was evaded extremely carefully. [7]
Henderson planned the comeback to normal life of prisoners on building the Freemantle prison by adopting the correction system which Alexander マッコンキー (en) adopted in Norfolk Island. Henderson took the opposite viewpoint for whiplash as the physical punishment and arrested that a woman prisoner lived in the Western Australia colony again favorably.
In the 1890s, the prison was divided into plural parts. Four buildings were added to a main block of those.
- A prisoner and a boy until 13 years old who acted as first D vision - relatively short-term prison term were confined in prison.
- The thing which violated a serious crime without second D vision - violence was confined in prison.
- I confined third D vision - assault criminal in prison.
- The prisoner who acted as the prison term of vision - long term and a murderer were confined in prison by the fourth D.
A gibbet and two churches were established at the same time as a cell was established to the main block of the prison.
As for the death penalty having been carried out with a gibbet, the death penalty was legal in Western Australia; the death penalty was carried out for 44 condemned criminals from 1888 through 1965 (as for one inner woman).
It is said that Michael boss Worth hated the prison guard for carrying out whiplash and writes that it was not carried out in 1853.
because no one could be found to carry out the punishment.
Because anyone has never seen that a penalty is given [8].
However, in 1943, the last beating is carried out.
In the church of two in the prison, as for one, the Protestant church, other are Catholic churches. The backside of the altar of the Anglican Church has Moses' Ten Commandments of Moses. As for the sixth sentence of Moses' Ten Commandments of Moses, too much general "thou shalt do no murder" is adopted not "thou shalt not kill" which is a more general equivalent in a British national church. It is not from the church inside and can look at the most famous thing in the church with a face of Martha Rendell of the infant murderer from the outside of the church.
Art in the prison
At the Freemantle prison, I have used art for the correction of the prisoner, and, in the prison, plural artworks are left. The picture which prisoners left everywhere of many cells and prisons of the prison is left. The fictionization such as ostensibility, the picture was prohibited in a prison, but it was overlooked to some extent that there was a restful effect in fictionization for the mind of prisoners because I knew it.
Wow, she began a picture just before execution Dennis Nozu of the prisoner modern painter. I can see a part of his work today in Curtin University and Perth center TAFE, the Western Australia Department of Justice [9].
In addition, the picture by the aborigine of unknown author is left in the cell of the Freemantle prison, too.
Preservation and world heritage registration
The building group of the Freemantle prison was leased with a lease contract for 10 years by Freemantle Guardian's. In the building group of the prison, careful restoration will be taken by a hand of the Guardian's. With a lease contract for 10 years having expired, a state government would have jurisdiction over the building group of the prison again in 2001, and a long-term preservation policy came to be adopted.
In August, 2005, the repair of the entrance area of the prison was carried out. The concrete gate where deterioration was remarkable is removed, and it is about October of the year that the gate made of limestone was renewed. This repair was carried out as part of a plan for repair three years for keeping it for a long time of the Freemantle prison.
It was said, and a state was recognized as only one most in building group built by the hand of prisoners, and the Freemantle prison was registered with Australia nation inheritance list (en) today in 2005 [10]. In 2010, it was enrolled in a world heritage of UNESCO afterwards as "Australian Convict Sites" with building group of other Australia.
Since prison closedown of 1992, I am used as a museum, but the policy of the prison preservation is simply that I do not cause serious damage to the preservation of the prison throughout. As a result, by 2005, more than 130000 visitors became the visited facilities every year. In the church of the Anglican Church established in a prison, it becomes the ceremonial hall of the wedding ceremony, and the constructed area is used today as a new business enterprise center. In the area that was ever the hospital in the prison, in the area where a woman prisoner was confined in prison, it is today in conservatorium as Freemantle child literature center.
The tour in the prison is carried out every day, and the tour using the flashlight is carried out twice a week. The flashlight facilitates that I observe the the first-floor prison part. However, as for some parts of the part on the second floor or above, a visit becomes impossible. As for the tourist, 20 meters below ground can observe the built tunnel by participating in a visit to tunnel tour. Using harness, it is necessary to get off a ladder to enter the tunnel of 20 meters below ground. In addition, the prison is closed on Saint Friday and Christmas.
Famous prisoner
- Brendan Abbott (en) - - "postcard robbery." When I broke out of prison on November 24, 1989, I wore the uniform of the prison guard.
- The serial killer who was performed execution of last at Freemantle prison on Eric Edgar cookie (en) - - October 26, 1964.
- It is famous for the prisoner of moon dyne Joe (en) - -19 centuries as the artist who escaped.
- In members of secret society Fenian Brotherhood (en) which aimed at the independence in Ireland in John boiling オーレイリー (en) - -19 centuries, I was confined in prison in an exile from Ireland by the Freemantle prison.
- The woman prisoner who was performed the only execution of at Martha Rendell (en) - - Freemantle prison.
- Bonn Scot – In one of the members of Australian rock band AC/DC, I am confined in prison in boyhood.
- James Wilson (en) – One of the members of Fenian Brotherhood.
- The false accusation of the John Button (en) - - bloodbath is helped put on and confines it in prison.
- Bernie brothers (en) - - serial killer.
Footnote
- ^ Fremantle Prison, James Semple Kerr, Published by Department of Contract And Management Services. Significance Statement, History and Policy Document. Revised 1998. ISBN 0-7244-9856-7
- ^ a b Things to see in Fremantle Accessed 14 January 2006.
- ^ Fremantle Prison National Heritage Values. Accessed 14 January 2006.
- ^ Commemoration, Voices & Museums Report Accessed 30 April 2006.
- ^ Fremantle Prison, a brief history Cyril Ayris ISBN 0-9581882-1-1
- ^ Fremantle - Western Australia The Age. Retrieved 18 June 2011
- ^ "Fremantle Prison (former)". Commonwealth of Australia. July 10, 2011 reading.
- ^ Michal Bosworth (2004). Convict Fremantle: a Place of Promise and Punishment. University of WA Press: Printing Press. (book review) ISBN 1-920694-33-1
- ^ Perth Institute of Contemporary Arts: Dennis (NOZ) Nozworthy Accessed 6 February 2006.
- ^ WA's first National Heritage listing Accessed 14 January 2006.
Outside link
This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia Freemantle prison
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