ALAM
The group where an American car manufacturer formed ALAM in 1903. The official name is The Association of Licensed Automobile Manufacturers.
The group which I organized because a newborn American automotive industry was still opposed to the electric vehicle company (Electric Vehicle Company) with George Selden (George B. Selden) in a court. I did it soon and came to make cell den and an alliance and set cheap patent royalty. When a main car manufacturer comes to participate, I sue and come to remove other people in the same profession. It becomes the trial in conflict with Ford early in a year of the foundation in 1903. It was prolonged until 1911, but the last judgment took sides with Ford. ALAM in this way finished a role. However, ALAM of the early days of the auto industry in America was a group with the power, and carried a duty to be connected on the のちのさまざまな trade group most.
Is noble; begin, and it
In 1899, an electric vehicle company purchases a car patent (cell den patent) of the cell den. When a crowd of people of the industry considered that there is no effect in this patent, but the electric vehicle company establishes "Colombia auto Mobil company" newly as a venture subsidiary of oneself; legal this patent; purchased it saying that came into force. One year later, the Colombia automatic Mobil company came to a deadlock for management, and it was decided that the parent company electric vehicle company used the cell den patent for sales. It was to demand 5% of patent royalty for all companies which produced cars.
The first target was the Winton motor carriage company which アレグザンダー Winton and he ran. Winton Corporation was founded in 1896 and started and grew up before I boasted of United States's best amount of production in 1900. If a patent had effect for the industry (of course the cell den thought so), I thought that you should have anything to do with the biggest company.
The defense of Winton Corporation was spent by refuting the effectiveness of the patent through a plea, and it cost an expense. Even if it was 1902, hostility still continued in the court. Therefore Winton begins to think about a settlement. In answer to a trouble of Winton, the pro-other independence car manufacturer forms manufacturers Mutual association (Manufacturers Mutual Association). I cut deep for legal defense of Winton from another plane.
MMA was formed by Henry Bourne Joey of Packard and Frederick Smith of Oldsmobile, and two industrialists threatened an electric vehicle company using their viewpoint. MMA required a cheaper royalty and required that I managed the legal authority and license authority and had jurisdiction. Otherwise legal cost of Winton will be to have swelled.
Superior of the industry
In 1903, the organization becomes Association of Licensed Automobile Manufacturers (by the literal translation association of patent car manufacturer) formally. A favorable right was guaranteed by the electric vehicle company. Several months later, Winton becomes ALAM member, and, after group organization, the suit to Winton is withdrawn. The patent was having the legal effectiveness without the effectiveness being inspected.
The royalty was a very low rate, but, in ALAM, it was said to the whole auto industry in a contract that it was applicable. The group negotiated 1.25% of royalties for the retail price, and, as for the 0.75% minute, as for the 0.5% share, it was for ALAM in the electric vehicle company. The application and the cell den license to ALAM member were decided in the unanimousness of five officers. It was said that I could retain it as the legal competitor who did not receive a license even if this device was done with a cheap amount of money than I confronted a cell den patent for the ALAM member who had royalty stolen in a court and it was a member.
The exclusion policy of ALAM will be canceled finally. Ford Motor was founded in 1903, and Henry Ford was going to obtain a license of the cell den immediately. As for Ford, the enrollment is declined. Failure of the past two times of car company management is assumed a reason formally. It is Detroit automatic Mobil company and Henry Ford company. It was the unripe manager whom I got rid of immediately when I made two companies and considered ALAM to be harm for an automotive industry. But it was because it was stability-oriented in the inner direction between the friends by an industry major having had already participated in ALAM. Frederick Smith was the negative for ALAM participation of Ford.
It was that it was not allowed to do car production that ALAM participation was denied. This is because ALAM did it if illegal. However, Ford started car production in a new company.
On October 22, 1903, ALAM files a suit against Ford Motor company. And the public information advertising battle that was hard to last was developed. ALAM sets up a campaign saying that I am targeted for suit to the person who purchased a Ford. Ford does this back, too and speaks a situation of oneself saying "it, too, and we think like that saying that this technique continues progressing and presents and continues progressing more at present, and Mr. cell den has not been laid in the world.".
I handed down decision that the Ho main judge recognized the legitimacy of the cell den patent on September 15, 1909. However, I applied the range strictly while recognizing legitimacy of the cell den in the court of January 9, 1911 four months a year after 1. The patent of the cell den was applied only to a 2 cycles engine, and it was said that it was not applied to a mainstream four-stroke anymore in those days. As a result, as for the judgment, cover (shoes get it) り, the umpire took sides with Ford. ALAM did not appeal in this judgment.
ALAM formed for a cell den license changes the role and becomes this age, Automobile Board of Trade, and, in 1913, it is in National Automobile Chambers of Commerce. In 1915, I make a contract of the cross license between the member companies. In 1922, it becomes the AMA (Automobile Manufacturers Association: United States auto industry society).
For Ford and the same period, Panhard ルバッソール catches the suit, too.
It was the first group which standardized the car, and ALAM participated in engineering department はのち SAE and I pushed forward more standardization and contributed to the industry.
Reference
- The New York Times, (NYT) "Motor Vehicle Patent Case", Nov. 12th, 1900
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- "Motor Car Patents Upheld by Court", Sept. 16th, 1909
- "Did Not Infringe on Selden Engine", Jan. 10th 1911
- "Won't Contest Decision", Jan. 13th 1911
- Greenleaf, William. Monopoly on Wheels: Henry Ford and the Selden Automobile Patent, Wayne State University Press, 1961, ISBN 0-7581-0626-2
- Lacey, Robert. Ford: the Men and the Machine, Little Brown and Co, ISBN 0-7581-0626-2
This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia ALAM
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