The Battle of Tanga
| The Battle of Tanga | |
|---|---|
 "Battle of Tanga, 3rd-5th November, 1914 "[an image: Martin Frost (1875-1927)] | |
| War: World War I, African front | |
| The date: 1914November 3 - November 5 | |
| A place: German East Africa, Tanga | |
| A result: Victory of the German military | |
| War power | |
 Deutsches Reich |  The U.K. |
| Leader, commander | |
| Paul phone レットウ = フォルベック | Arthur Aitken |
| Force | |
| Approximately 1,100 (including Ascari) | 8,000 （The British seal forces） |
| The damage | |
| The death: 61 An injury: 81 | The death: 360 An injury: 487 |
The fight that I failed in that to take Battle of Tanga (たんがのたたかい British: Battle of Tanga sometimes the bee I shudder and am nicknamed (Battle of the Bees)) on 5th from November 3, 1914 during World War I, and U.K. territory in Dodgers struck city Tanga of the German East Africa (のちの Tanzania continent part, Rwanda and Burundi). In addition, it was the full-scale battle that occurred for the first time in Africa during the Great War.
Table of contents
Background
Tanga that was only 80km away from the border with the U.K. territory East Africa (のちの Kenya) held many ports of the traffic quantity of the ship and was the departure and arrival station of the important ウサンバラ railroad which lengthened from this town to Kilimanjaro.
When World War I broke out, British Empire blockaded the German colony in Africa in the sea and started a small strategy for the German East Africa. There were the British Empire forces by a plan to perform bombardment from a warship of Tanga at first, but the plan was abandoned by gunboat diplomacy because I bound the agreement that Tanga did not bombard in exchange for the thing that I did not invade from the field on August 17, 1914 together. However, the U.K. decided that I sent 8,000 U.K. territory in Dodgers corps "B expeditionary force" which let Major General Arthur Aitken command it from Bombay to the East Africa with canceling the agreement afterwards. Aitken underestimated an African black soldier and had confidence toward strategy success. The Aitken and others anchored in Mombasa of the U.K. territory East Africa for a short term before going to Tanga, but Aitken declined what local r. Africa rifle corps (black soldier Ascari local as for en:King's African Rifles; KAR, the rank and file) commander B.R. Graham lieutenant colonel offered cooperation to then. I warned that Graham must not underestimate German military Ascari, but told that Aitken would complete the strategy by Christmas without agreeing to it.
The north Lancashire regiment and the Gurkha had the ability as the armed forces among 8,000 B expeditionary force of Aitken, but, in the other Indian ministries of military affairs corps, the equipment was poor without receiving the training to registering it. In addition, the morale of the soldier dropped at voyages from Bombay to Mombasa. When it was suggested to give shore leave to a soldier when it anchored in Mombasa, Aitken refused it for the reason of being noticed the German military. However, in the German side, expeditionary force has already known 向 かっているを from India to the East Africa. The label indicating the destination was completed to a wooden box piled up on the dock of the Bombay port, and streamed down it when expeditionary force arrived at the U.K. and the news of the East Africa soon, and communication was exchanged as lacquering with gold and silver pattern again between fleet and Mombasa. The military colony defense corps (en:Schutztruppe) commander Paul phone レットウ = フォルベック colonel in Germany sent reinforcement to Tanga guard (one original squadron) from the whole German East Africa, and, as for the number, it was finally to approximately 1,000.
Landing
On November 2 before the landing, British troops cruiser Fox arrived at the Tanga port, and the British troops gave notice of that I canceled all agreements and exercised landing operation to Tanga.
The strategy was hit by a misfortune from a beginning. The Major General Aitken of British troops supposed that レットウ = フォルベック laid an underwater mine at the Tanga port (it was an error) and struck approximately 5km south carefully from Tanga on November 3, 1914. Aitken did not spy upon the area beforehand, and a mosquito and tzetze fly flew about the landing place in the everglade where the mangroves where a lot of leech and water snakes inhabited grew thick.
On morning of November 4, the following day, Aitken commanded the military unit to march to the town, but did not spy beforehand again. Though there was eight to one military power difference, レットウ = フォルベック started a counterattack. The British troops corps marched without resistance first, but Tanga guard ambushed it. When Ascari of 250 people raided it with the tantivy of the German officer, the Indian soldier escaped, and the left British officer was killed in action on the spot. The Indian soldier escaped to the shore of the landing place. Aitken to see it laid it led by north Lancashire regiment and a Gurkha and ordered the second attack. The German military built a strong position and communications network and Ascari sniper shot British troops from a forest and a field and was able to suffer. North Lancashire regiment and the Gurkha occupied several places of buildings and hospitals in Tanga city and published Union Jack on the roof of the hospital.
Fight with the bee
The battle shifted to the skirmish in the jungle by the afternoon. In addition, it was for the fight with a swarm of bees to be able to get angry at which I attacked repeatedly. The African bee was stimulated by the noise that soldiers relatively greatly started with brutality and the bullet which I shot and attacked the British troops. Soldiers who were bitten by a bee ran away to the shore, and a panic opened by the group of the bee in pursuit of it. The British troops escaped into the inside of the sea. I was bitten by a bee how many people there were in German military Ascari, but the eyes of the main bee were turned to the British troops, and I was stabbed in several hundred places, and there was the soldier who became unconscious. Aitken whom I flew into a rage with gave it an order for bombardment from a warship, but was canceled because a cannonball fell to the hospital where British troops occupied it, and an injured person was carried in. Other cannonballs fell on the British troops corps which retreated, and Indian soldier がめくらめっぽうに shooting したためなど, the damage of British troops by the shooting by mistake of friendly forces were bigger than the thing by the German forces.
British troops retreat
They caused more than 800 casualties, and the British troops retreated on November 5. After having retreated in a hurry, a rifle, a machine gun and ammunition more than 600,000 were left, and, in レットウ = フォルベック, 鹵獲 did all. However, レットウ = フォルベック which was a gentleman interviewed with Aitken under a flag of surrender and changed a record and an opinion while drinking brandy. He told a German doctor to treat the Indian soldier injured person again.
Paul phone レットウ = フォルベック was promoted to a major general by these meritorious services in war.
References
- Byron Farwell (1986). The Great War in Africa, 1914-1918. W. W. It is pp. pp. Norton 164-178.
- Paice, Edward (2007). Tip and Run: The Untold Tragedy of the Great War in Africa. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-297-84709-0.
- Farndale, Martin (1988). History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery - Forgotten Fronts and Home Base, 1914-18. London: Royal Artillery Institution. ISBN 1-870114-05-1.
- Jackson, Donovan (1940). India' s Army. London: Purnell and Sons.
- Sibley, J.R (1971). Tanganyikan Guerrilla: East African Campaign 1914-1918. New York: Ballentine Books Inc.
- Abbot, Peter (2002). Armies in East-Africa 1914-18. London: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-84176-489-2.
Outside link
- "Battle of Tanga" (English / Danish). May 20, 2008 reading.
This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia The Battle of Tanga
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