Executioner
An executioner (しけいしっこうにん British: Executioner) is a person carrying out the death penalty for the criminal whom the death penalty established by a trial. I am called a popular name "execution person". In addition, I may be used as a metaphor indicating a case and the killer used as a name of the judges of the high rank executing a criminal as a feudal meaning.
I describe a person carrying out the death penalty as government affairs by the procedure that the law determines here.
Table of contents
General statement
It is the person who the executioner receives the death sentences of the court, and performs execution (usually kind of the public employee). The penalty to carry out performs the execution of the corporal punishment in the country receiving the corporal punishment such as beatings as well as the death penalty.
An executioner speaking it here is a person appointed definitely from the country by an executioner, and the public employee who performs the execution for of duties to accompany it like a Japanese correction officer does not include it. It was a complete public employee in United States or Germany, but the form like the outside trust supplier was near rather than a public employee in France.
There is not the execution every day, and the number decreases indeed in modern times, and it is not unusual for there not to be work of the execution at all more than one year. Therefore European executioners usually perform side businesses, and, in the United States, an executioner is often one of the side business or accompaniment duties.
The executioner in Europe has been inherited by a hereditary system system. It is often found that a hereditary system continues regardless of political system from the national establishment to the abolition of the recent capital punishment in most countries in Europe. An executioner in Europe is treated as a kind of cover discrimination people, and this receives strong discrimination in operation and the marriage and depends on having disturbed that non-specific whole families takes an executioner. Even in the country where political system changes suddenly many times like Germany and France, the authorized whole families last for several hundred years in a hereditary system system and succeed.
The examples that execution did the human being of the viewpoint that I sentenced to death later occurred successively in history, and the European executioner has been repeated from Robespierre to Nazis war crime many times in history. I was in a position citizen-like in the politics inviolability while there being no example that an executioner was executed by political struggle, and being the situation that executed a human being defeated by a political struggle, and a state "to change as for the execution person that the administrator to sentence to death changed, but carried out" continued.
Because there are not the whole families whom you should succeed to at the rising nations such as the United States, some Mr. peace officer are appointed in additional posts by an executioner without being succeeded to. Therefore, as for the American successive executioners, all the members are real another person.
All the countries of the world
in Japan
The whole families of the executioner of the Edo era, a hereditary system of Asaemon Yamada continued in Japan until the Meiji era, but a correction officer performs it as a part of government affairs after the Meiji era, and a system not to appoint a specific executioner continues to date.
in the U.K.
It is beginning まりだといわれている to have let instead of postponing the death penalty, and exempting a condemned criminal in the origin of the executioner in the U.K., you hold the death penalty of other condemned criminals. The death penalty by the citizen was introduced not the death penalty by the condemned criminal later, and executioners came to be recruited by a commoner. As for the reason, finding employment to an executioner, the magnification seemed to be unexpectedly high in those days even if five a week letters desired arrived.
Therefore a British executioner has few hereditary systems unlike France or Germany. It has only two cases of Gregory Brandon and Richard Brandon, Henry ピエレポイント and Albert ピエレポイント to have become an executioner following the next of the parent. There is no example that lasted three generations in a history in the U.K. (Arthur Ellis is another person with John Ellis).
The reward of the British executioner was a commission system, and a reward and the travel expenses were paid every one execution. I sold the rope which I used for hanging as additional income, but am prohibited later.
Artifact of a severed head punishment is abolished in Lord the eleventh Robert Simon Fraser (Simon Fraser, 11th Lord Lovat) of April 9, 1747 last in the U.K., and, as for the method of the death penalty, it is only hanging after it was modern times. Therefore the British executioner is called by another name of the hangman (committing suicide by hanging oneself person). The form of the hanging remains as custom today in India or Singapore which were an ex-colony.
The period when the age was included in duties as an executioner
- Derrick 15?? -1610
- Gregory Brandon 1610-1640
- Richard Brandon 1640-1649
- Jack Ketch ???? -1686
- パスカ Rose 1686
- John Price
- William Marvell
- Richard Arnett 1724
- John hooper
- John スリフト 1735-1752
- William Cal craft 1829-1874
- William mer Wood 1874–1883
- James berry 1884–1892
- John Ellis 1901–1924
- Henry ピエレポイント 1901-1910
- Thomas ピエレポイント 1909-1946
- Albert ピエレポイント 1932–1956
- Steve Wade 1941–1955
- Harry Allen 1941–1964
- セイド デアネリィ 1949–1954
- Robert Leslie Stewart 1950–1964
in Canada
I adopt a system same as the U.K. basically in Canada. The method of the death penalty was only hanging, and the executioner was called a committing suicide by hanging oneself person (hangman).
"Arthur Ellis" became the pronoun of the executioner in Canada, but the person called Arthur Ellis did not really exist, and plural executioners only gave their false name of Arthur Ellis. The origin of the name shares John Ellis who is a British famous executioner.
The Arthur Ellis prize that is an annual prize of association of Canadian mystery writer comes from the name of this executioner.
- John Radcliffe（1892-1911）
- Arthur Ellis（1912-1935）
- Camille Blanchard（1935-1998）
in Singapore
Execution by the British style hanging is carried out as one country of the Commonwealth of Nations in Singapore. There is globally much number of death penalties in Singapore, and an executioner is busy. I have called an executioner from Malaysia to hold the death penalty in Singapore in the past.
- Darshan Shin (1959 -)
in Malaysia
- ラジェンドラン クップサミィ (Rajendran Kuppusamy)
in New Zealand
in the United States
I called the electrical engineer who performed the execution by the electric chair "the electrical engineer (State electricians) of the state". It was an additional post with Mr. peace officer not exclusive duty. The executioner is not for hanging, a gas chamber, poisoning only in an electric chair, and a correction officer performs that there is an executioner formally in the United States like Japan.
- New York
- Edwin Davies (Edwin Davis) 1891–?
- John full baht (John Hulbert) 1913–1926
- Robert Eliot (Robert Elliott) 1926–1939
- Joseph franc cell (Joseph Francel) 1939–1953
- Dow ホバー (Dow Hover) 1953–1963
- South Carolina
- Sam Canon (Sam Cannon)
- Arkansas
- George Mali Don (George Maledon)
- I made a person concerned with Nazis which received a death sentence at John C Woods second prize sergeant - Nuremberg trial hanging.
in France
I call an executioner "Bourreau" (blow) in French. I was changed the name to "a performer of the conviction" when I translated the official name of the French executioner into "Exécuteur de Jugements Criminels" (エグゼキュトゥル de juju man クリミネル), Japanese on January 12, 1787, and it was prohibited legally by a petition of Charles = Henri Samson that I called it with "Bourreau". However, speaking of an executioner, it is generally used in French even now in "Bourreau", and it is the fact that the official name is used only by official documents.
I may appear in the story including "ダルタニャン story" "Ann boo phosphorus" of the French Revolution thing and, in that case, am often made Japanese translation with "a headsman".
The execution person of Paris that was a capital was called by a title of monsieur de Paris (Monsieur de Paris), and it was to the boss of the executioner whom 160 were in the whole land of France. An executioner became alone in the whole land of France after November, 1870, and monsieur de Paris became the title of the executioner virtually.
The French executioner was endowed socially economically. The Samsons got assets on the side business as the doctor as such, but was often poor economically. I am seen with prejudice and eyes of the contempt socially, and there was not the thing that I am never assumed honor. I got remuneration for labor from the government economically, but I did a side business from place of the constipated station, Charles Samson de Ron Val to Marcel Chevallier for more than 300 years and supported living without being able to say enough sums.
The executioner after World War II in particular usually did factory workers of the factories without making you it for a proper occupation poorly. Andre Obrecht uses up the vacation as the factory worker who was the side business including the year when annual execution was to 19 people and had you ask a government official of Ministry of Justice and persuade a company manager, but there is the anecdote that carried out the death penalty leaving the company after all.
There was punishment, 車裂 きの punishment, eight 裂 きの punishment of hanging, artifact of a severed head punishment, the burning to death in the death penalty before Guillotine was introduced in France. It was demanded that the executioner knew it well to all these penalties. In addition, the executioner performed the execution of the public punishment except the execution including the beating.
All records are shown who performed execution of whom institutionally in France in what time. Because the full name of the executioner was opened to the public, I have been considered to be a target of the mass media from the times in the Middle Ages. It has been public execution, and a picture and the photograph of the executioner often appear in the mass media until just before World War II. In monsieur de Paris, all the members are in particular it in some kind of interviewed records in the media. In the times when an idea of the privacy was thin, I have been exposed to public scorn from a family tree to a resume in media. Therefore, there are many examples that a family and the relative of the executioner committed suicide.
Organization
The French executioner constituted the organization such as the trade association, and executioner and Mr. of the whole land of France executioner joined it, and monsieur de Paris was the representative of the organization. Because the executioner was evaded by a commoner, the marriage was carried out in this association. I had the duty as the educational institution to children of the general executioner who could not go to school, and the education level exceeded the general school in those days and amounted to the reading and writing, law, medicine, fencing of French and the Latin. I saw the trouble of an executioner and the widow who this organization had something like welfare annuity, and retired.
The one which became clear was the times of the Samsons as an organization in particular and was after. According to Samson reminiscences, there is a record that I performed the group negotiations that demanded raise of the wage. It was reduced, and, with the personnel reduction of the executioner, this organization was abolished, too.
Duties
I show below an example of the duties that the executioner in modern times should perform.
There is not the work; storage and maintenance of the Guillotine were usually the work of the executioner.
When the executioner receives an order of the execution from the court, it begins because I carry in Guillotine to the appointed place and assemble it. The part which the one which five assistants needed carries in big machine parts called the Guillotine and assembles is big. It was necessary to carry in considerable material to the stand which picked up a fence and the Guillotine which became the border with the sightseer as well as Guillotine in the times that were public execution, and to assemble it. In the times of Samson, it was one of the work on the day to take a prisoner from the prison. Because when was nonpublic later, was carried out in a prison; this of the correction officer came to work. When execution was over, I washed a call, the Guillotine which I used for the burial of the corpse and disintegrated again and carried it out. When this was over, I published a certificate and did the payment request of overheads in Ministry of Justice.
Like the trust supplier substantially outside as for the French executioner rather than a public employee it is thought that was in the form. The Guillotine which performed execution was private property of the executioners and was not a public goods product. The executioner got remuneration for labor from the country, but the medical treatment or the welfare program as the public employee were the forms that an executioner demanded the payment of the expense from Ministry of Justice as for the maintenance expense or the transit cost of the Guillotine each time without all. According to the note of Anatole D Brel, I say that the executioner got a small income by padding this expense. In addition, all the members were lucky for some kind of side businesses without a side business being prohibited because it was not a public employee when there was not execution.
Reward
Use a special privilege called mud a de アヴァージュ before is changed to the salary system in 1721, and is said to be the yearly income 60,000 livre; considerably got high income. However, this original tax collection caused a trouble frequently, and the right that an execution person collected taxes in 1721 was deprived of and was changed a system in a salary system of 16,000 a year livre. This was large income decrease, but supported living somehow because the person of Samson who was an executioner at that time got high income on the side business as the doctor. When mass execution came to be carried out in the French Revolution, I was increased by 60,000 livre.
However, when it was the times of Louis XVIII, the personnel reduction of the executioner advanced, and, as for the reward, reductions came to be repeated by a reduction. Still it is said that I continued working even when enduring poverty because other occupations cannot change their job as for the executioner. It became the fixed salary of 60,000 francs a year in postwar period, but the postwar executioner was made to continue working for the salary that was the same as the pocket money of the child substantially without being raised in confrontation with inflation.
History
- Artifact of a severed head punishment to fire you in the Middle Ages, and to lose was used. The work to cut a human neck with a knife at a stretch needed mastery of skills and needed an expert craftsman. Therefore, it is said that it is the beginning of executioner as the public office that the law officer who holds mainly artifact of a severed head punishment was born.
- A disgraceful affair is caused, and execution person Nichola ルヴァスール of - Paris dismisses it in 1687. Charles Samson de Ron Val bought the official authority and was assigned to the execution person's post.
- Charles Samson of - son takes office for the second generation in 1707.
- The tax collection right of the - execution person is deprived of in 1721 and is changed a system of to a salary system of 16,000 a year livre.
- - Charles = Jean batiste Samson gets the executioner's post at 7 years old in 1726.
- - Charles = Henri Samson gets the executioner's post at 15 years old in 1754.
- Eight - in history last 裂 きの punishment in France is practiced on March 27, 1757.
- - Guillotine is introduced on April 25, 1792.
- - Henri Samson gets the executioner's post in 1795.
- - Henri = Clement Samson gets the executioner's post in 1830.
- The number of executioners is reduced to half in 1832 by - king proclamation.
- - Charles = Andre フェリィ gets the executioner's post in 1847.
- - Jean = Francois ヘイデンレイシュ gets the executioner's post in 1849.
- I receive trust of - government in 1868, and Alfons Leon Berger improves Guillotine.
- Personnel reduction is carried out for an executor of a will of -1 November 25, 1870 and five assistants. Two Guillotine was put in Paris and would be carried to the whole land of France as needed, and the executioner of the local city lost a job. This system continues until the capital punishment abolition. At this time, as for the annual salary of the executioner, as for 6,000 francs, the first and the second assistant, 4,000 francs, remainder three were prescribed 3,000 francs.
- - Nichola Roche gets the executioner's post in 1872.
- - Louis D Brel gets the executioner's post in 1879.
- - Anatole D Brel gets the executioner's post in 1899.
- - Joule = Henri demister Renault gets the executioner's post in 1939.
- The execution after the abolition is closed, and - public execution is performed in 1939.
- - Andre Obrecht gets the executioner's post in 1951.
- - Marcel Chevallier gets the last executioner's post in 1976.
- The executioner's post was abolished with the abolition of - capital punishment in 1981.
(French possession Algeria) in Algeria
A person of メイソニエ inherited the Algerian (French possession Algeria) executioner who was a colony of France by succession from generation to generation. A human being of the people of メイソニエ is a white of the French nationality from generation to generation and is not an Algerian. It is a relative, and Henri Roche, Andre Berger, the Nichola Roche are related to a person of メイソニエ by blood.
The legal system top was a French executioner, and they used Guillotine as well as France. As Algeria became independent from France in 1961, I fell out of employment.
| Henri Roche | (1928-1944) |
| Andre Berger | (1944-1956) |
| Morris メイソニエ | (1956-1947) |
| フェルナン メイソニエ | (1947-1961) |
in Germany
The German executioner was called Meister (boss), and the executioner of Nuremberg was called Nuremberg Meister. The occupation of the executioner is often inherited in a hereditary system system. The income is high as such and says that I had a large number of assistants. I inherit the person of Reich heart by succession for eight generations. As for the death penalty in Germany, the a great variety of death penalties were performed until the times in the Middle Ages by the guilt and social position including artifact of a severed head, committing suicide by hanging oneself, burning at the stake, the 車裂 きの punishment. When it was 1803, I learned it from a French style method and became only the Guillotine.
ドイツの死刑執行件数が歴史上最多を極めたのはナチス政権時代で、多忙な死刑執行人は1人で3,000人を超える死刑を執行している。第二次世界大戦が始まると死刑執行人が足りなくなり大幅増員されている。ナチス政権時代には、裁判の判決記録が公式に残っている死刑執行だけでも1万人を超えている。ナチス・ドイツに併合された国での死刑執行まで含めると、6万人が死刑になったと言われている。この反省により、ドイツでは比較的早い時期に死刑制度が廃止されている。
- 1573年 フランツ・シュミット：ニュルンベルクの死刑執行人。克明な日記を残した。
- 1870-1889 ユリウス・クラウツ：プロイセンの死刑執行人
- 1800年代後半 フランツ・クサーヴァー・ライヒハート
- 1924年 ヨハン・ライヒハート：歴史上最多の死刑を執行している。
- 1943年 アロイス・ヴァイス：ゲシュタポの死刑執行人。
- 1968-1981 ヘルマン・ローレンツ (Hermann Lorenz) 東ドイツの死刑執行人
- ナチス政権下で増員された死刑執行人
- 1940-1945 ゴットロープ・ボルト(Gottlob Bordt)
- 1943-1945 カール・ヘンシュケ(Karl Henschke)
- 1943-1945 アウグスト・ケスター(August Köster)
- 1943-1945 アーロイス・ヴァイス(Alois Weiß)
- 1943-1945 ヴィリー・レトガー(Willi Röttger)
- 1943-1945 ヨハン・ミュール(Johann Mühl)
- 1943-1945 フリッツ・ヴィッツカ(Fritz Witzka)
- 1944-1945 アルフレート・ローゼリープ(Alfred Roselieb)
ザクセン王国
- ????-1918 モーリッツ・ブランド ザクセン王国の消滅によりドイツ・ザクセン州の死刑執行人となる
オーストリア
1919年に死刑を廃止するまでは絞首刑がおこなわれていた。1933年～1945年にかけて死刑制度が復活し、ギロチンによる死刑が行われていた。1945年にはギロチンが廃止され絞首刑が復活。1950年6月30日に再び死刑が廃止され、2008年現在まで死刑廃止国である。
フランスのサンソン家のように250年以上にわたってシュロッテンバッハー家が死刑執行人を務めていたが、ナポレオン戦争におけるリュネヴィルの和約で戦争が小康状態になると、多数の人間が戦争責任により処刑された。その処刑に怒り狂ったヨハン・ゲオルク・ホフマン1世に焼き討ちにあい、最後の家長であるカール・シュロッテンバッハーを初めとする一家全員が虐殺によって絶えた。後任には、焼き討ちしたヨハン・ゲオルク・ホフマン1世本人が処刑されるか処刑人になるかの二択を迫られて、死刑執行人の職について3代にわたって世襲している。
オーストリアがドイツに併合されるとヨハン・ラングはナチスによって収容所送りになり、オーストリアの死刑執行はドイツの死刑執行人が行うようになった。 第二次世界大戦後に新しい死刑制度が始まると新たに死刑執行人が任命されたが、その名前や素性は公表されていない。イギリスからアルバート・ピエレポイントが派遣されて新しい死刑執行人達を教育したと自伝に書き残されているが、アルバート・ピエレポイントの弟子達がどのような人物だったかの具体的な記述は無い。
| シュロッテンバッハー家(Schrottenbacher) | 1550-1802 | ウィーンの死刑執行人 |
| ヨハン・ゲオルク・ホフマン1世 | 1802-1827 | ウィーンの死刑執行人 |
| ヨハン・ゲオルク・ホフマン2世 | 1839-1865 | ウィーンの死刑執行人 |
| ヨハン・ゲオルク・ホフマン3世 | 1865-1874 | ウィーンの死刑執行人 |
| カール・セリンジャー | 1862-1899 | ウィーンの死刑執行人 |
| ヨーゼフ・ラング | 1900-1918 | ウィーンの死刑執行人 |
| ヨハン・ラング | 1933-1938 | ウィーンの死刑執行人 |
ポーランド
第二次大戦後にはワルシャワに2人の専任の死刑執行人が居たとされているが氏名など非公開であった。
スイス
スイスでは中世時代から剣による斬首刑が行われていた。1835年にギロチンが導入され、剣による斬首かギロチンによる斬首かを死刑囚が選択できる制度になった。一般人では1940年10月18日にハンス・フォーレンヴァイダーにギロチンによる最後の死刑が執行された。1942年1月に一般人に対する死刑は廃止されたが、軍法上の死刑は存続した。軍人では第二次世界大戦中に30人が死刑判決を受けた。軍法による死刑も1992年3月20日に正式に廃止になった。
| Bernhard Schlegel | -1374 (バーゼル) |
| François Tabazan] | -1624 (ジュネーヴ) |
| バルツァー・メンギス(Baltzer Mengis) | -1652 (ルツェルン) |
| クリストフ・メンギス(Christoph Mengis) | - 1653 (シュヴィーツ) |
| クリストフ2世・メンギス(Christoph II. Mengis) | 1653-1681 (シュヴィーツ) |
| ヨハネス・メンギス(Johannes Mengis) | 1681-1695 (シュヴィーツ) |
| バルタサール・メンギス(Balthasar Mengis) | 1695-1723 (シュヴィーツ) |
| Vollmar family | 1695- (サンガール) |
| ? Deigentesch | -1716 (フリブール) |
| ベルンハルト・メンギス(Bernhard Mengis) | 1723- (シュヴィーツ) |
| ? Mengis | - 1779 (シュヴィーツ) |
| ? Vollmer | -1782 (グラールス) |
| Johann Melchior Grossholz | -1815 (シュヴィーツ) |
| ? Vollmer | 19世紀から20世紀にかけて(チューリッヒ) |
| Augustin Grossholz | 1815-1826 (シュヴィーツ) |
| Franz Grossholz | 1822- (ツーク) |
| Joseph Pickel | 1826-1829 (シュヴィーツ) |
| Oswald Schlumpf | 1829-1830 (シュヴィーツ) |
| Franz Xaver Schmid | 1830-1855 (シュヴィーツ、ツークとグラールス) |
| テオドール・メンギス | 1839-1918 (ベルンとラインフェルデン) |
| Johann Bettenmann | 1855-1857 (シュヴィーツとサンガール) |
チェコ
スウェーデン
スウェーデンでは死刑執行人を民間から募集していた。1900年まで斧による斬首刑が行われていた。公開処刑は1876年を最後に廃止されている。フランスやドイツに倣い、ギロチンを導入したが、ギロチンで死刑が執行されたのはストックホルムで執行されたヨハン・アルフレッド・アンデ1人だけで、これがスウェーデンで最後の死刑執行となったため、最初で最後のギロチンの犠牲者となった。
- ペール・ペーター・クリスティアンソン・シュタイネック - 最後の公開処刑を行った
- アルバート・グスタフ・ダールマン - 最後の死刑執行人
デンマーク
ノルウェー
ノルウェーの死刑執行人は正規の公務員として月給を貰っていた。その給与は公務員としては最も低かった。
- Augustus Høcker 1689-1721
- Johan Heinrich Helmschläger 1684-1760
- August Lædel 1733-1749
- Anton Lædel 1799 - 1833
- Torbjørn Pedersen 1828-1834
- サムソン・イズベルグ 1841-1864
- テオドール・ラーセン 1864-
スペイン
スペインの死刑執行は鉄環絞首刑（Garrote vil）と呼ばれる、スペイン独自の絞首刑で行われていた。 その残酷な執行方法は映画『サルバドールの朝』で詳細に再現されている。フランシスコ・フランコによる独裁政府になってから公開処刑は廃止され、関係者5人の立会いで執行されている。
死刑囚のかなりの人数がETAの関係者であり、ETAが仲間の死刑執行の報復として1973年12月にルイス・カレーロ・ブランコ首相を暗殺するなど大きな社会問題が起きている。警察幹部から首相まで暗殺されているにもかかわらず、なぜか死刑執行人が報復テロの対象になることはなく、全員が天寿をまっとうしている。
1974年3月2日に2人に対して2箇所で死刑が執行されたのが最後の死刑執行である。1978年に新憲法が承認され、立憲君主制に移行すると同時に死刑制度が廃止された。
- 1949-1975 アントニオ・ロペス・シエラ (Antonio López Sierra）
- 1953-1974 ビセンテ・ロペス・コペーテ (w:es:Vicente López Copete)
- 1949-1972 ベルナルド・サンチェス・バスクニャーナ (w:es:Bernardo Sánchez Bascuñana)
- 1972-1974 ホセ・モレノ (José Monero)
イタリア
メラーノ
- 1748-1772 マルティン・プッツァー(Martin Putzer)
- 1772-1777 バルトロメウス・プッツァー(Bartholomeus Putzer)
- 1777-1787 フランツ・ミヒャエル・プッツァー(Franz Michael Putzer)
ナポリ
- 12?? ドメニコ・プンツォ
教皇領
- 1796-1865 ジョヴァンニ・バッティスタ・ブガッティ：教皇領の死刑執行人
- 1865-1870 アントニオ・バルドゥッチ：教皇領最期の死刑執行人
サウジアラビア
世襲制で先祖代々死刑執行人を受け継いでいる。サウジアラビアでは神聖な職業であるとの思想が強く、欧米のように忌み嫌われていない。報酬も高く、処刑人の仕事だけで豊かな暮らしが出来るほどである。現代でも厳格なイスラム法に基づき、剣による斬首刑、銃殺刑、クレーンで吊るす絞首刑など多彩な処刑方法を公開処刑で行っている唯一の国である。また、死刑だけでなく、鞭打ちや手足の切断刑などの身体刑も執行している。
死刑執行はモスクの近くにある首切り広場と呼ばれる白いタイルが敷き詰められた場所で金曜日の礼拝（サラート）の後に執行される[1]。
サウジアラビアでは公開処刑されるときに被害者遺族が呼ばれる。ディーヤと呼ばれるイスラーム法の制度に基づき最後の最後まで死刑囚を許すかどうか死刑執行人が遺族に問い続ける。この時に遺族が許した場合は減刑され死刑執行が中止される。
サウジアラビアにおいて死刑執行人が神聖な職業であると考えられる理由には、最後の減刑特権を有する存在であることも大きい。実際に公開処刑が中止され減刑された事例も多い。
- マホメット・サード・アルベッシュ 1998年-
- アブドゥラー・アルビッシ (Abdallah Al-Bishi)
- アハマッド・レツカラハ (Ahmad Rezkallah)
インド
インドの死刑執行人はカーストの底辺層の職業の一つであり、カースト制度によって世襲が保証されているため、全員が先祖代々の死刑執行人である。イギリス式の絞首刑が行われ、各州ごとに1人ずつ死刑執行人が居る。インドでは1980年代から減少し、1995年から死刑執行停止が続いていたが、2004年に再開されてから増加傾向にある。
架空の死刑執行人
ヨーロッパの作品には死刑執行人が登場する作品が数多くある。日本語訳される時に「首切り役人」の訳語が当てられることが多い。
| 登場作品 | 時代、国 | 氏名 |
|---|---|---|
| トゥーランドット | いつとも知れない伝説時代の北京 | プー・ティン・パオ(Pu-Tin-Pao) |
| サロメ (戯曲) | ユダヤ属州 | ナーマン(Namaan) |
| ダルタニャン物語の二十年後 | 中世フランス | リールの首切り役人 |
| 赤い靴 (童話) | 不明 | カーレンの両足首を切断する首切り役人 |
| 不思議の国のアリス | 夢の世界 | ハートの女王の家来の首切り役人 |
| 千夜一夜物語 | 中世のイスラム世界 | 御佩刀持ちマスルール |
参考文献
- フランツ・シュミット 『ある首斬り役人の日記』 藤代幸一訳、白水社<白水Uブックス>、2003年12月11日。ISBN 9784560073643
- ブライアン・ベイリー 『ハングマン』 谷 秀雄訳、中央アート出版社、1991年2月。ISBN 978-4886396037
- 安達正勝 『死刑執行人サンソン』 集英社<集英社新書>、2003年12月。ISBN 9784087202212
- バーバラ・レヴィ 『パリの断頭台』 喜多迅鷹・喜多元子訳、法政大学出版局、1987年8月。ISBN 9784588364020
- モニク・ルバイイ 『ギロチンの祭典』 田中正人・柴田道子他訳、ユニテ、1989年12月。 ISBN 4843230375
- アンリ＝クレマン・サンソン 『Mémoires des Sanson, sept génération d'éxécuteurs』1862年から1863年にかけて全6巻刊行、ガリカで全巻参照可能
- アンドレ・オブレヒト 『Le carnet noir du bourreau: Memoires d'Andre Obrecht, l'homme qui executa 322 condamnes』1989年 ISBN 978-2738600455
リファレンス
- ^ 「BSワールドドキュメンタリー イスラムの新しい風」で首切り広場が取材された。
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