Boy legislation (the United States of America)
Structure of a court and the restitution center which were established to examine it about the person considered to be the boy with the boy legislation (one result not to lie down to carry) in the United States of America, and to accommodate this when I became clear about a certain crime when guilty. Because there are a legal system and the trial system that are inherent to all states, the use of the boy legislation is greatly different every state.
Table of contents
History
The first juvenile court was established as a by-product of the progressivism era in Chicago in 1899. Before this, all the people who committed a crime in 17 years old or more were treated under the system same as an adult. However, by these days, a social viewpoint changed. New discovery and studies occurred successively in a psychological field, and many people have begun to think a boy to be the youth who only lost the way not an overly-serious criminal.
An important point and difference
The requirements to treat a minor as a legal "boy" are different every state. In most states, the boy legislation is applied to people from 7 years old to 17 years old. The person younger than seven years is not accused. This is called a detective minor.
Not the boy legislation containing a boy in restitution center, and punishing it, I put an important point in reviving them. In many states including Massachusetts, the special court only as for examining a boy is established. Both cases usually take the boy case in the same court, too, and, in other states including Colorado, handling is.
There is not it in "guilt" or "I am not guilty" and, in many states including Massachusetts, lets "there is delinquency" or answer it whether it is "is there not the delinquency?" in アレインメント (arraignment). It is to make that the delinquency act of the boy is different from the general crime clear.
Generally, in the boy court, what is not shown is usual unlike most of the normal procedures being all available to the public. The boy record often puts a seal (do not show it), but there is I discard, handling it when I reached the age (18 years old or 21 years old is usual.) with the boy more. In Massachusetts, all records of a lawsuit including the boy court record are kept forever. In the state, I complete a seal for a boy court record and do not cross it. Law enforcement agency and a court can use the record. It is normal business that the news media does not report the name of the minor facing the detective procedure at all (there are a legal obligation and the place that it does.). In the juvenile court, it is usual that a judge does the judgment of the case not a jury.
The juvenile corrective institution is applied under the philosophy to establish an important point by repaying a good deed than punishing evildoing like other penal systems. The juvenile delinquent accommodated by these facilities attends at a class and is given an opportunity to get the credit of a certificate, general education arrival authorization (General Educational Development) and sometimes the university (usually with the order of the court). Most of camps (youth detention center) provide teacher assistance and a garden tree craftsman, the workplace around facilities such as the cooking for an inmate in a young people short term.
In the Nebraska young people restitution center (Nebraska Correctional Youth Facility), I work on "an HEART plan". This gives an opportunity with care and the training of the dog thrown away as an inmate. When a boy took care of the dog well, the dog may be taken over as a pet by local people.
Fault
However, this system has the fault, too. In the direction abolishing a right to receive trial under the boy legislation in many states following the fact that the situations that many people die by the violence by the young people from 1980s through 1990s increased blue law was established more. In some states, the person who committed a constant crime checks that a judge has been ever given the judgment right, and trial is to be performed automatically in a superior court (equivalent to the Japanese district court.) even if it is a minor.
For example, in Massachusetts, the boys from 14 years old that violated every crime in conjunction with primary or second-degree murder, the shooting incident of every type or the violence by the gang to 17 years old are examined automatically as "young man cover criminal" (youthful offender). This means that a boy is treated like an adult practically. The boy is sent to the adult prison if judged that I am guilty and will obey punishment.
In any case the camp produces the situation that I cannot run by the assumed method in a young people short term, too. Like an adult prison, the situation that between inmates or the staff uses violence on for an inmate can occur. A gang war case and the crime of rioting are not rare situations. Violence turns worse and may develop into a situation shutting in an inmate for months in some places without letting you take a class. It is that the claim that it is said that there was the abuse of authority of the staff, or there was abuse happens quite often.
Reference
- American law
- The article that you should refer to and an outside link are placed in the English version.
This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia Boy legislation (the United States of America)
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