2016년 10월 24일 월요일

ピテシュティ

ピテシュティ

ピテシュティ
Piteşti
Pitesti city hall.jpg
Municipal emblem of ピテシュティ
Municipal emblem
Position
Position figure of the position of ピテシュティ
Position of ピテシュティ
Coordinate : 44°51'38" N 24°52'04" E / 44.86056 degrees N 24.86778 degrees E / 44.86056, 24.86778
Administration
Country Rumanian flag Romania
 Prefecture アルジェシュ prefecture
 City ピテシュティ
The mayor Tudor Pendiuc
Geography
Area  
  City limits 40.7 km2
Altitude 300 m
Population
Population (as of 2002)
  City limits 168,458 people
    Population density   4,136 /km2
Others
Equal time obi Eastern Europe time (UTC +2)
Daylight saving time Eastern Europe daylight saving time (UTC +3)
An official web site: http://www.primariapitesti.ro/

ピテシュティ (Romanian: Piteşti [pi'teʃtʲ], German: Pitesk) is the prefecture capital in Romania, the city of the アルジェシュ prefecture. It is along アルジェシュ river.

Table of contents

Summary

Two universities establish a base important trade in an industrial center. A1 Highway leading to capital Bucharest directly goes, and it is a junction place of the important railroad, and there is a switchyard in suburban バリレシュティ. There is アルペキム oil refiner in the city and is a market of the auto industry such as ダチア.

A person settled down from the prehistoric age, but it was the 14th century first that the place name came up. It developed as a commerce place of north straw Kia, and some Lords of successive straw Kia held an unofficial residence until the 18th century. It was an important political center of National Liberal Party, and, from the after 19th century to a war interphase, there was book's house of the the politician family Bratianus. It was the ground of the domestic representative political repression including the ピテシュティ prison where an experiment in the brainwashing education was conducted for the communism era.

Geography

The city belongs to the historic straw Kia district and is located at north straw Kia, the west end of Muntenia district. It is in the アルジェシュ river right bank, and the river joins the ルウル ドアムネイ river of the branch.

ピテシュティ is at the position of 280m above see level, and belong to the bench of the アルジェシュ river, the part of the ジェティク plateau at the south end (this area leads to south Carpathians); [1]. The plateau becomes smallest in ピテシュティ area, and, as for the width, there is only 30km in place, ピテシュティ of an average of 70-80km [2]. The city leads to the plains called ピテシュティ plains (クンピア ピテシュティロール). In these plains, the grassy plain of the waterweed is characteristic [3]. I border avian Valais forest when I go to the west. This forest becomes a part of the recreation park.

ピテシュティ contacts with the reservoir of プルンドゥ and バスコヴ along アルジェシュ river, two [4]. There is the flow from the ヴィドラル lake, and water flows into it from a reservoir in バリレシュティ [4].

History

Initial

This local first human permanent home dates back to the Old Stone Age [5]. A coin was cast in imitation of the design of the drachma coin which Lysimachos published in Thrace in the third century B.C. by Dacian and was discovered in ピテシュティ [6]. カストゥルム of the small Roman Empire was built in the third century in A.D. This was a neighboring place of today's ピテシュティ (sprout with Rome genus state Dacia as some defense facilities for Shea); [7]. It is a trade place between a bluff person and the Slav person and, for the migration era, according to historian ジウレスク, does the ピテシュティ whole area when it is a lone place meaning the market on the hill in his opinion, origin of トゥルグル ディン デアル (Târgul din Deal) [8].

ピテシュティ showed the name for documents for the first time on May 20, 1386. Lord of straw Kia mil tea old; granted a mill to the area with the public が コジア monastery [5]; [9]. ピテシュティ gradually became the periodic address ground of Lords of straw Kia [5]. Because I was the junction on the main passage in Europe (the market of the person from Transylvania Sachsen in Sibiu was near), the city was over first in the 14th century when it developed as an important trade center [10], and it was in the stronghold of the considerably big Armenian community [11].

The local people could not help enlarging the house place only in the left bank of the アルジェシュ river these days, but they were gradually expanded over a river and reached the west hillside [5]. In the 19th century, I performed bookmaking of トゥルグル ディン デアル to perfection [8]. The village of ピテシュティ is listed until one of around 1528 while it is generally called as the town where ピテシュティ is high-quality, and some historians conclude this in grounds when a village and an urban area existed together in the same boundary line [9].

Modern initial

 
Saint ゲオルギ church

In the district of the dignified privileged class, an official document was published among public けにされなかったけれども, バサラブ チェル toe null, ネアゴエ バサラブ, Vlado ウネカトゥル, Vlado ヴィンティラ, Prince Mihai prowess, stain on モヴィラ, マテイ バサラブ, the rulers such as the Constantin shell van by ピテシュティ [9]. In addition, the Lord of Constantin ブランコヴェアヌ owned a very large vineyard in the ピテシュティ whole area. It is informed that he spent most of one year in ピテシュティ [9].

The Governor Osman empire territory Hungary alloy geo-glitch and his Walachian ボイェリ (feudal lords) and partisan camped out, and, thus, they were attacked publicly, and, for the Lord of Vlado ヴィンティラ rule era in league with Holy Roman Empire, they were repulsed by ラズボイエニ in the suburbs of ピテシュティ to be opposed to a latifundist of Ottoman Empire [9]. For 1600 through 1601, the Jan ザモイスキ Poland Republic of Lithuania forces to lead established a base in ピテシュティ during an expedition for Prince Mihai prowess [9]; [12]. Lord of new straw Kia Radu shell van caused a fight around the time, a town same as this time and crushed the Crimea Kahn national military which took part in Ottoman Empire forces and them [12].

The Constantin shell van poured money to build the Saint ゲオルギ church of the Rumanian Greek Orthodox Church, and completed it in 1656 [5]; [9]. There was this now with a garden in contiguity with a lost residence [9]. At the time same as this, Paul of Arabian chronicle writer Aleppo visited ピテシュティ and visited Swedish politician クラエス ロランブ [12]. For the Lord of ブランコヴェアヌ era, ボイェリ in the position of ストルニク, home of Constantin カンタクジノ were put in ピテシュティ. He changed a letter for British politician William Paget in parallel [9]. There were the residence which a tower and Prince of others built, the ブランコヴェアヌ's house in the suburbs of the town, and wrote this from the 18th to the 19th century, and value gradually fell down (the structure that remained till the last was lost in the 20th century); [9]. In 1689, the Hapsburg monarch national military was led by Baden = Baden margrave Ludwig Wilhelm and occupied the city as part of invasion, great war in Turkey [12].

at the beginning of the 18th to the 19th century

 
I stop at ピテシュティ drawn by etching in 1793, Luigi Mai Elle

It became strong that a Swedish empire was defeated in northern war in Russian Empire in November, 1714 and the Swedish King curl twelfth expected an alliance with the sultan アフメト third, but misfired. On the way home from Istanbul, the King encountered it with the armed forces under the accelerator スパール conduct. I went to Sweden territory Pomerania passing through House of Hapsburg chieftaincy when I passed ピテシュティ after a 3-week stay [12]. In the middle of = Turkey war in Austria, I let the Hapsburg military struck ピテシュティ and fall. ピテシュティ became the battlefield in Russia Austria Turkey war from 1737 through 1739 again [12].

When 250 houses and seven churches were in ピテシュティ, for 1,780 years, I wrote down numismatist Domenico セスティーニ of the Tuscany grand duke country via the アルジェシュ district [12]. In 1804, the citizen performed a request (I asked it for a lecture in the Greek that was a language for the education) of the establishment of the high school. This request was denied by Prince Constantin Ypsilanti [13]. In the 1790s, Luigi Mai L (German disciple of Giovanni Battista ピラネージ) visited ピテシュティ, and he left the etching image which he drew this district [12]. These pictures were published as a collection of pictures in London in 1810 [14].

The town of ピテシュティ occupied the important position for straw Kia revolt, the case in conjunction with the independence war in Greece in 1821. In late spring, 1821, leader toe dollar ウラジミレスク of the straw Kia revolt retreated in Bucharest and moved to this town. The front secession was doubted by comrades of his secret society フィリキ エテリア which belonged (he was kept to the local people of バイレシュティ and was executed by the order of the フィリキ エテリア leader Alexander IPSE lunch immediately); [15].

Late 19th century

After the combination of the Danube dukedom, kingdom establishment in Romania, ピテシュティ developed more. From this time to a war interphase, the city became the center of National Liberal Party. This was because the Bratianus who was the politician family lived in suburban シュテファネシュティ [16]. フロリカ which was a manor of the Bratianus was the place where the most famous なな reunification of leaders of National Liberal Party was performed [16]. Short term, ピテシュティ of 1882 were places of residence of dramatist ion Luke カラジァーレ. カラジァーレ drew ピテシュティ which National Liberal Party which there was not yet of the name ruled during a drama of famous drama "lost letter" (O scrisoare pierdută) [17].

 
Crest of the city used for a war interphase

In September, 1872, a route of Rumanian Japanese National Railways which led to ガラツィ, romance through capital Bucharest from ピテシュティ was inaugurated. It was the second pike which continued between Bucharest = ジュルジュ of the opening to traffic in 1869 when this was managed by financier bethel Henry シュトルスベルク of Deutsches Reich [18].

The city hall of ピテシュティ is completed in 1886, and the building becomes the art museum now [5]. D Rie Mito マイマロル designed the アルジェシュ prefectural office building, and, over 1898 through 1899, a retired person bunch of the Greek Orthodox Church was ever built in the place that there was. It becomes the prefectural history, natural science Museum now here [5]. The fresco which Josif マテルナ drew both buildings on with an eclectic building becomes the attraction [5].

1868 through 1869, ピテシュティ were the nation's first cities that had the community of the seventh D ad bench strike church believer. This community made the Polish preacher of the United States of America return and was formed around Mihai ベリナ = シェショヴスキ of the former Catholic Church clergyman. The Romania seventh D ad bench strike church was finally established after 1918 [19].

20th century

From World War I さなかの late autumn, 1916 through 1918, there was the fight in the Rumanian front, and ピテシュティ was occupied by the military on the center ally side. I acquired it in order that the city was abandoned from the beginning by the Rumanian military, and German commander August phone Mackensen did a front in the Olt if strong before he occupied capital Bucharest and the whole south Romania [20].

During World War II, fascist nation military and government affairs (en) were declared by 鉄衛団. The bust (he was assassinated in 1939 by 鉄衛団) made of bronze of Prime Minister of former Romania allemande カリネスク was chained together, and the ピテシュティ city was taken [21]. ピテシュティ was bombed during the Great War sporadically by the allied powers side. On July 4, 1944, it was bombed by some units of U.S. Army Airlines forces 15th air force (15AF) [22].

In the 1950s, ピテシュティ will tick away bad reputation in the name. The communism leadership made the local isolation facilities which gave a political detained person disgraceful remedial education in the city. The violence between inmates was encouraged forcibly there. An experiment was accomplished by セクリタテア where Alexander Nikolsky held real power. The final goal was to do mental destruction of the personal ability for the outside attachment and loyalty and meant that the new personality that brainwashing was given deserved to be the Leninism system [23]. These facilities were abolished five years later. A trial was opened over 1953 through 1954, and a prison sentence was announced person concerned with 22 accommodation and others and was done execution for the role in the experiment 16 [24]. It was clear and, in 1957, sentenced the suspects of the camp staff who received an order to guilt at a new trial [25].

 
St. Nicolae church of past days

The city experienced number a great number of changes in the scenery in parallel. Industry targeted at completion of the A1 Highway which I came to try for the first time for this kind of thing in the 1960s and chemical industry and the auto industry was promotion of becoming it. In around 1950, the ピテシュティ area accommodated the Greek refugees who supported the Greek People's Liberation Army (abbreviated designation ELAS) in the middle of a civil war in Greece (a part of the building was built as a labor camp and was used as a house of the tenants who emigrated to again later); [16]. フロリカ was nationalized in 1948, and a part went to ruin by activity of the Rumanian Communist Party later ([16] that I wanted to be considered to be a residence of politician ion ディンカ of the Communist Party during the 1970s, and the bust of ion Bratianu built in the St. Nicolae church front was removed and was dissolved, and and the church itself was also abolished [16] in 1962.

Economic

ピテシュティ is one of the cities industrialized most in Romania. It is a domestic auto industry center. There is car メーカーダチア in suburban town ミオヴェニ; a company of the motor parts industry of several others in the ピテシュティ urban area (ヴァレオ). There is アルペキム oil refiner belonging to the ペトロム group in the city. The plant was established as a national enterprise for the communism era, and a record of the air pollution was controversial from old days. In 2007, Rumanian Ministry of the Environment withdrew permission of アルペキム, but ペトロム competed for this decision in legality [26]. The plant became going to gradually reduce the operation during several years before being closed down promptly [26].

ピテシュティ plays a key role of the abundant winery and plum orchard in the whole area among hills. The latter becomes the raw materials of Rumanian traditional alcoholic drinks ツイカ (ţuica de Piteşti). There is the シュテファネシュティ winery on the opposite bank of the アルジェシュ river and is known as a winery eminent Romania.

Culture

A city is a stronghold of the prefectural theater named for dramatist Alexander Davila. In the section with a doll theater (the 1949 foundation), an outdoor drama theater section (1958), the folk entertainment section (1970) [27]. 125 studios of the theater were founded in May, 1975 by Lviv チウレイ which was supervision [27]. It was named for Dinicu ゴレスク, and the public library was built through contribution by woman Para Shiva ステフ of the upper class in 1869. Historian ジョルジェ ヨネスク = dione donated most of the collection of books in 1904 [28].

Two University is educated in the city. It is national ピテシュティ University and private Constantin ブランコヴェアヌ University (there is a branch office with open studies, bra Ylla in ルムニク ヴルチャ for 1,991 years).

A festival to be known as sinfonia ラレレロール (tulip symphony) in ピテシュティ in spring is held every year. Because a brought bulb about 3,000 was planted in the center of commerce with other flowers, as for the tulip, it was introduced in ピテシュティ from アラド and オラデア for 1972 through 1973 [29]. As a result, I got fame as a tulip growing area, and ピテシュティ was organized only after the festival that featured the theme of a flower depended on local influential person and others in 1978 [29].

Sports

Person

Sister city

Footnote

[Help]
  1. ^ Monografia geografică, p.100, 191, 238, 239-241
  2. ^ Monografia geografică, p.239-240
  3. ^ Monografia geografică, p.191
  4. It is 2007 in 19 in ^ a b (Romanian) Dan Batucă, Ghid metodologic pentru identificareaşi desemnarea corpurilor de apăputernic modificateşi artificiale, ARCADIS Euroconsult, Phare, 2005, at the Ministry of the Environment and Sustainable Development, p.64/105-65/105; retrieved July
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h (Romanian) "Istoria Oraşului", at Muzee din regiunile Romaniei; It is 2007 in 17 in retrieved July
  6. ^ Giurescu, p.33
  7. ^ (Romanian) DragoşMăndescu, Castrul roman de la Albota - un monument ignorat la marginea Piteştilor, at the Piteşti Cultural Center; It is 2007 in 17 in retrieved July
  8. ^ a b Giurescu, p.47
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j (Romanian) Gerard Călin, Reşedinţa domneascătemporarăde la Piteşti, at the Piteşti Cultural Center; It is 2007 in 17 in retrieved July
  10. ^ Andrei Oţetea, The History of the Romanian People, EdituraŞtiinţifică, 1970, p.446
  11. ^ (Romanian) "Armeni - Scurt istoric", at Divers; It is 2007 in 17 in retrieved July
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h (Romanian) Mariu Păduraru, Oraşul Piteşti văzut de călători străini, at the Piteşti Cultural Center; It is 2007 in 17 in retrieved July
  13. ^ Alex Drace-Francis, The Making of Modern Romanian Culture: Literacy and the Development of National Identity, I. B. Tauris, London, 2006, p.50. ISBN 1845110668
  14. ^ Lou Taylor, Establishing Dress History, Manchester University Press, Manchester, 2004, p.20. ISBN 0719066395
  15. ^ William Harrison Ainsworth, "The Russians in Wallachia", in The New Monthly Magazine and Humorist, Vol.91, 1851, p.33 D2
  16. ^ a b c d e (Romanian) Mircea Crăciun, "Relicve din perioada dictaturii comunisteîn judeţul Argeş", in Memoria; It is 2007 in 17 in retrieved July
  17. ^Şerban Cioculescu, Caragialiana, Editura Eminescu, Bucharest, 1974, p.202-203. OCLC 6890267
  18. ^ Istoria Cailor Ferate din Romania (the history of the Rumanian railroad) /CFR official site (Romanian)
  19. ^ Earl A. Pope, "Protestantism in Romania", in Sabrina Petra Ramet (ed), Protestantism and Politics in Eastern Europe and Russia: The Communist and Postcommunist Eras, Duke University Press, Durham, 1992, p.186. ISBN 0822312417
  20. ^ PamfilŞeicaru, La Roumanie dans la Grande guerre,Éditions Minard, Paris, 1968, p.332-334
  21. ^ Nicolae Ciobanu, "Armand Călinescu: Jertfăpentru linişteaşi independenţaţării. «Omul de oţel» împotriva Gărzii de Fier", in Dosarele Istoriei, 6/IV (1999), p.60
  22. ^ Charles E. Francis, Adolph Caso, The Tuskegee Airmen: The Men Who Changed a Nation, Branden Books, Wellesley, 1997, p.149. ISBN 0828320292
  23. ^ Cioroianu, p.317
  24. ^ Cioroianu, p.318
  25. ^ (Romanian) Teodor Wexler, "Procesul sioniştilor", in Memoria; It is 2007 in 17 in retrieved July
  26. ^ a b (Romanian) "Arpechim reporneşte", in România Liberă, June 13, 2007
  27. ^ a b (Romanian) Teatrul Alexandru Davila at the ArgeşCounty Council; It is 2007 in 17 in retrieved July
  28. ^ (Romanian) Biblioteca Judeţeanăat the ArgeşCounty Council; It is 2007 in 17 in retrieved July
  29. ^ a b (Romanian) "Istoria lalelelor", at the Simfonia lalelelor official site; retrieved March 8, 2008

Reference

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