2017년 4월 13일 목요일

Samarkand

Samarkand

Samarkand
Samarqand
Самарқанд
Uzbek flag
2015
2015
Municipal emblem of Samarkand
Municipal emblem
Position
の position figure
Coordinate : 39°39'15" N 66°57'35" E / 39.65417 degrees N 66.95972 degrees E / 39.65417, 66.95972
The history
Domiciliation The B.C. fifth century
Administration
Country Uzbek flag Uzbekistan
 State State of Samarkand
 City Samarkand
Population
Population (as of 2015)
  City limits 504,423 people
Others
Equal time obi UTC +5
An official web site: Самарканд.блог
World heritage Samarkand - Crossroads of Cultures
（Uzbekistan）
レギスタン open space
レギスタン open space
Fame Samarkand - Crossroad of Cultures
The name of a Buddha Samarkand – carrefour de cultures
Registration division Cultural heritage
Registration standard (1),(2),(4)
The registration year 2001
Official site World heritage center (English)
Map
Position of Samarkand
Usage, indication

Samarkand (English: Samarkand, Persian :سمرقند‎(Samarqand), Uzbek :Самарқанд(Samarqand)) is Central Asia, an ancient city of Uzbekistan. It is in the the rough beauty River bank of a river which is a branch of the Amu Darya, and machine, chemistry, raw cotton, silk, hides-affiliated industry is performed. Approximately 380,000 population (2001). Uzbek President Hatsuyo Islam Karimov is from this town.

I am called "the blue capital" from a blue sky and the color of the mosque falling out peculiar to shifts department from steppe climate to Mediterranean climate.

Table of contents

History

Maracanda

It developed as an oasis city of the Iranian race from the about tenth century B.C., and city "Maracanda" (Ancient Greek :Μαρακάνδα) of the Sogdian resisted the Macedonia kingdom expeditionary force which led the Alexandros(Tralles) third in the Greek historical materials till the last in suburban "Sogdian Rock" (Ancient Greek :βράχουτηςΣογδιανής) in the fourth century B.C. (Siege of the Sogdian Rock).

アフラシヤブ

『後漢書』 I am cited in outcome, one of 昭武九姓 with the などの classical Chinese document as 康国, and the imperial family is done with a descendant of Mr. month. According to the Xuangzang three official storehouses and Arabic of coming ages, the geography book of Persian, I am called the ソグディアナ, mer ワラー Anna full center. A ruler of Samarkand may sometimes become the leader of the whole city state alliance in ソグディアナ which was the coalition of the city state, and Samarkand King デーワーシュティーチュ gives its "King of ソグド" in the early eighth century.

I was conquered in the Arabic Allied Forces of the Omayyad dynasty for 712 years by Kuta Iba イブン Muslim, and becoming it began Islam. Wow, Mara developed as Anna full metropolis along with Bukhara through the Islam era. By the papermaker who became a captive by the fight of the cods banks of a river of 751 years, the first paper mill is informed what was run with Samarkand in the Islam world for 759 years.

In history book new Tang book Western Regions biography of Chinese Tang established in 1060 with mention of "康国 an another name 薩末 鞬 or 颯秣建 and the meaning, it is said" [1]. I am governed by the Samanid afterward, and テュルク originates to becoming it after I was conquered in the eleventh century by Dynasty of Karakhan. It was the follower after west Dynasty of Karakhan was destroyed as feudal tenure of the influential imperial family in about 1210 for Dynasty of Karakhan Era by Ala al-Din Muhammad of the Khwarazm Shah dynasty, and Muhammad moved a capital from ウルゲンチ to this Samarkand.

I continued prospering for several centuries while being governed by many dynasties as a town of the Sogdians good at business talent. However, Samarkand that prospered as a capital in the Khwarazm Shah morning when I occupied the street to the Black Sea from India is destroyed thoroughly in 1220 by Mongolia as a result that a way via Syria was closed under the influence of Crusade war, and it is said that 3/4 of the population was killed. Call former Samarkand at that time with アフラースィヤーブ where the south faces in the rough mark river to アフラシヤブ (hill), and there is it in the north side of the current city area.

The シャーヒ ズィンダ joss house which became the shrine of imperial family of the Timur dynasty later is located in 東南遇 of the hill of this アフラシアブ. It became the jurisdiction of the Central Asian governor-general's office of Mongol Empire and was settled afterwards as feudal tenure of チャガタイ Ulu of the person of douar after a revolt of the chi do terminated. In 1333, イブン バットゥータ visits the チャガタイ Ulu's whom Tal better Lin rules from northern ジョチ Ulu's via Khwarazm, ブハーラー. When イブン バットゥータ finishes an audience with Tal better phosphorus, they stay in Samarkand, but religion facilities, a palace, a castle wall, the kind of the castle gate that were in the city area completely become extinct, and most become the ruins, and some inside of the ex-town state that there is a farm. There is the saint shrine of the conquest era in Arab in the suburbs, and inhabitants of Samarkand speak it even if they visit the prayer frequently.

New city area

I prosper as a capital of the Timur dynasty over the 15th century from the end of 14th century. The stone re-ameer joss house or bibiハヌム mosque that was grave joss house of Timur inside of the city area, シャーヒ ズィンダ joss house group was built in アフラシヤブ, and the imperial family and ameer in Timur morning, courtier and others were established in large and small gardens and ranches, camps in the suburbs. According to Western Regions turn country will, the Chen truth in response to the command of the light の Eiraku emperor visits this ground (recorded with "撒馬児罕") by land in the early 15th century. An astronomical observatory is built in the times of grandchild ウルグ Beck of Timur and becomes the world heritage (cultural heritage) of the UNESCO as a culture intersection including a building at that time.

Royal families come to repeat the struggle visiting Samarkand on Timur late the morning and the founder of the later ムガル dynasty and the bar bulldog that it was often make an expedition by oneself from フェルガナ of the late ground, and this contest increases it and possesses it several times. I was conquered afterwards in 1500 by Muhammad shy Bernie Kahn of the shy Bernie morning that was Uzbek power of the ジョチ Ulu's system. I belonged to the national Bukhara Kahn country of the Uzbek of テュルク including the morning origin ta-da and I was robbed of position of the capital by Bukhara, but window Lhasa of ウルグ Beck and seal Dahl window Lhasa that made a pair were added in the 17th century, and current レギスタン open space was formed and functioned as one of the Central Asian major cities afterwards.

However, the dilapidation became more intense opposition in the Uzbek various affairs of state right and the rivalry of neighboring tribes from the mid-18th century because I received the invasion of the ナーデル Shah of the アフシャール morning from Iran and did it. It was revived in the 19th century by the development of the Bukhara ameer country, but when ameer ナスルッラー died, and rule from Bukhara weakened, it was occupied in 1868 by the Russia forces and was admitted into Russia territory Turkestan. Originally Samarkand was a city with much Persian speaker who was Iranian like Bukhara namely terZeke (Tajik), but, in 1924 of Soviet Union Era, I was divided into Uzbek S.S.R. by national demarcation and was the capital until 1930.

Climate

The climate is continental and has intense difference of the heat and cold. I dry and it is a little less than 40 degrees intense heat in the daytime, but the heat softens from Tashkent and is relatively cool in the summer in morning and evening as much as altitude is high with 702m. It is cold, and there is the snow, too, but a difference is big, and it may be cold to be largely less than around 0 degrees of 1 monthly mean air temperature by a year and it is past and records -25.4 degrees Celsius in winter.

Climate of Samarkand [2]
Month January February March April May June July August September October November December Year
Highest temperature record ° C (° F) 22.8
(73)
 26.7
(80.1)
 31.7
(89.1)
 36.2
(97.2)
 39.5
(103.1)
 41.4
(106.5)
 42.4
(108.3)
 41.0
(105.8)
 38.2
(100.8)
 35.2
(95.4)
 29.9
(85.8)
 26.7
(80.1)
 42.4
(108.3)
Mean highest temperature ° C (° F) 6.8
(44.2)
 9.1
(48.4)
 14.2
(57.6)
 21.1
(70)
 26.4
(79.5)
 32.2
(90)
 34.1
(93.4)
 32.9
(91.2)
 28.3
(82.9)
 21.6
(70.9)
 15.3
(59.5)
 9.1
(48.4)
 20.9
(69.6)
Daily mean air temperature ° C (° F) 1.6
(34.9)
 3.9
(39)
 8.5
(47.3)
 14.9
(58.8)
 19.8
(67.6)
 25.0
(77)
 26.7
(80.1)
 25.2
(77.4)
 20.1
(68.2)
 13.6
(56.5)
 8.4
(47.1)
 3.8
(38.8)
 14.3
(57.7)
Mean minimum temperature ° C (° F) −1.7
(28.9)
 −0.5
(31.1)
 4.0
(39.2)
 9.4
(48.9)
 13.5
(56.3)
 17.4
(63.3)
 18.9
(66)
 17.4
(63.3)
 12.7
(54.9)
 7.2
(45)
 3.4
(38.1)
 −0.2
(31.6)
 8.5
(47.3)
Minimum temperature record ° C (° F) −25.4
(-13.7)
 −22.0
(-7.6)
 −14.9
(5.2)
 −6.8
(19.8)
 −1.3
(29.7)
 4.8
(40.6)
 8.6
(47.5)
 5.9
(42.6)
 0.0
(32)
 −6.4
(20.5)
 −18.1
(-0.6)
 −22.8
(-9)
 −25.4
(-13.7)
Precipitation mm (inch) 44
(1.73)
 39
(1.54)
 71
(2.8)
 63
(2.48)
 33
(1.3)
 4
(0.16)
 4
(0.16)
 0
(0)
 4
(0.16)
 24
(0.94)
 28
(1.1)
 41
(1.61)
 355
(13.98)
The source: Hong Kong Observatory[3]
Samarkand
雨温図 (explanation)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
 
 
44
 
6
-3
 
 
39
 
8
-1
 
 
71
 
14
3
 
 
63
 
21
9
 
 
33
 
26
13
 
 
4
 
32
16
 
 
4
 
34
18
 
 
0
 
32
16
 
 
4
 
28
11
 
 
24
 
21
6
 
 
28
 
15
2
 
 
41
 
9
-1
Temperature (° C)
Total precipitation (mm)
The source: climate-charts.com

Traffic

Air route

Land route

Relation with Japan

There are many learners in a lot of students learning Japanese in Samarkand particularly Samarkand college of foreign languages.

In 1986, Takuo Yoshida releases an album entitled "Samarkand blue".

Education

There is the following higher education system.

など

Sightseeing

The details refer to "sightseeing of Uzbekistan"
レギスタン open space

ウルグ ベク window Lhasa, shell dollar window Lhasa, three window Lhasa of ティリャー collie mosque window Lhasa are built in the レギスタン open space.

 
レギスタン open space 
 
ウルグ ベク window Lhasa 
 
ティリャー collie mosque window Lhasa 
 
Shell dollar window Lhasa 
 
Shell dollar window Lhasa 
Stone re-ameer joss house

The stone re-ameer joss house is a mausoleum of Timur and the family.

 
Stone re-ameer joss house 
 
Stone re-ameer joss house 
 
Stone re-ameer joss house lighted up by green 
 
Stone re-ameer joss house lighted up by blue 
ウルグ Beck astronomical observatory

ウルグ Beck astronomical observatory is an astronomical observatory built in the 1420s by ウルグ Beck.

 
ウルグ Beck astronomical observatory trace (whole view) 
 
Huge quadrant (the burying part inside) of the ウルグ Beck astronomical observatory trace 
シャーヒ ズィンダ joss house group

シャーヒ ズィンダ joss house group is mausoleum group of Samarkand.

 
シャーヒ ズィンダ joss house group 
 
シャーヒ ズィンダ joss house group 
 
Courtyard of the シャーヒ ズィンダ joss house 
 
シャーヒ ズィンダ joss house group 
B B ハーヌム mosque

B B ハーヌム mosque is a mosque of Samarkand.

 
Background of the B B ハーヌム mosque 
 
B B ハーヌム mosque 
アフラシヤブ

アフラシヤブ (Samarkand) is a remain in the north of Samarkand.

 
アフラシヤブ 
 
Grave of アフラシヤブ 

World heritage

Registration standard

Considered that this world heritage met the following standards in the world heritage registration standard, and registration was accomplished (the following standards are translation, quotation from a registration standard of the world heritage center publication).

  • (1) The masterpiece which expresses creative talent of the human.
  • (2) In through a period of time or a certain cultural sphere, I show important interchange of the value of the human about a building, a technique, art, the city planning of the monument, the development of the scenery design.
  • (4) A superior example of architecture illustrating the important times in history of the human, building group, the accumulation of the technique or the scenery.

Sister city

References, explanatory note

Allied item

Outside link

It is acquired by "https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title= Samarkand &oldid=63631638"

This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia Samarkand

This article is distributed by cc-by-sa or GFDL license in accordance with the provisions of Wikipedia.

Wikipedia and Tranpedia does not guarantee the accuracy of this document. See our disclaimer for more information.

In addition, Tranpedia is simply not responsible for any show is only by translating the writings of foreign licenses that are compatible with CC-BY-SA license information.

0 개의 댓글:

댓글 쓰기

피드 구독하기: 댓글 (Atom)