Mikhail third シシュマン
| Mikhail third シシュマン МихаилIIIШишман | |
|---|---|
| The reign | From 1323 to 1330 |
| Birth | From 1280 to 1292 |
| The death | 1330July 31 |
| Spouse | Anna ネダ |
| Theodora パレオロギナ | |
| Children | Ivan Stephane |
| Royal families | Person of シシュマン |
| Dynasty | The second Bulgaria empire |
| Father | シシュマン |
| Mother | Anna |
Mikhail third シシュマン (Bulgarian :МихаилIIIШишман, after 1280 - July 31, 1330) the emperor (czar, reign from 1323 to 1330) of the second Bulgaria empire. The exact age is unclear, but it is thought that I was born from 1280 through 1292.
The Mikhail third was a founding father of the シシュマン morning that was the last dynasty of the second Bulgaria empire, but I gave name of アセン just after the enthronement and emphasized a connection with the アセン morning that was the second Bulgaria empire's first dynasty.
The Mikhail third was an energetic and ambitious monarch, and I developed the hard soft foreign policy that I interlaced, but beat it by a fight of ヴェルブジュド on July 28, 1330, and a camp sank in Byzantine Empire (Eastern Empire) and the Serbian kingdom which fought against each other. I was active for recovery of the political military hegemony of the Bulgarian empire in Balkan Peninsula and was a monarch of the Bulgaria world in the last Middle Ages when I tried occupation of capital Constantinople of Byzantine Empire again.
After his death, Ivan アレクサンダル of Ivan Stephane of the child followed by the nephew succeeded you and Ivan アレクサンダル fluttered a policy of the Mikhail third and concluded an alliance with Serbia [1].
Table of contents
Life
I pr the emperor enthronement
I am born as a child of death potto シシュマン of Vidin from 1280 [2] to 1292 [1]. Mother is a Prince dignity (セヴァストクラトル) pedal and a daughter between daughter Anna Theodora of the Bulgarian emperor Ivan アセン second from the アセンs. Emperor Theodor スヴェトスラフ and ゲオルギ second terTeru from the terTerus act as a remote relative.
Vidin and the whole area were in a condition half independent of the Bulgarian empire under rule of a strong Bulgarian feudal lord from middle in the thirteenth century, and Jacob スヴェトスラフ () (I die in /77 year for 1,276 years), シシュマン, Mikhail third and others ruled over Vidin. シシュマン parent and child were conferred a high rank of despotēs on by Theodor スヴェトスラフ, and the historical materials of Venice of the same period called the Mikhail third "a monarch of death potto, Vidin of Bulgaria" [3].
After father シシュマン of the Mikhail third linked the agreement of reconciliation to Serbian King Stephane ウロシュ second ミルティン in 1292, the Mikhail third marries daughter Anna ネダ of the ウロシュ second in (1299) in 1298 [3].
After death of the ウロシュ second, the Mikhail third came to be able to participate in a political activity positively in Bulgarian emperor nation's capital タルノヴォ. When the Mikhail third joins an influential noble member of the Imperial Court without an interval and sinks without the young ゲオルギ second leaving a child in 1323, the Mikhail third is supported to the emperor by nobles [4]. This is because it inherits a trait or talent from the アセンs that he was supported by nobles, and, about the reason why the Mikhail third was supported by the emperor, some historians suppose it when there was not the intention to elect the founder of the new dynasty for the アセンs to nobles [5].
After the emperor enthronement of the Mikhail third, Bella Ulu who was his brother-in-law succeeded to rulership of Vidin.
Anti-ビザンツ war
The sudden death of the ゲオルギ second brought Bulgaria confusion and unrest, and the ビザンツ emperor Andronikos third regarded a predicament of Bulgaria as a good opportunity. The ビザンツ forces invaded the northern part of Thrace and occupied the important cities such as Yambol, ソゾポル (ソゾポリス). While brothers ヴォイシル of brothers Retsu Sumi of the ex-Bulgarian emperor was a Bulgarian feudal lord, with invasion of ビザンツ, I took part in ビザンツ and ruled over the gorge region between the Balkan Mountains and the スレドナ ゴラ mountain range of the range that based on curan (), and reached Kopsis from Sliven [6]. When the Andronikos third established a siege in フィリッポポリス (current Plovdiv), the Mikhail third who succeeded to the throne newly marched to the south to intercept Andronikos.
By the resistance of the guard whom Ivan the Russian leads, the フィリッポポリス siege of the ビザンツ forces ends in failure [6]; [7]. While the ビザンツ forces were attracted by フィリッポポリス, the Mikhail third marched in northeast Thrace and released the city that I was robbed of and drove the ビザンツ forces to withdrawal [6].
Although I was able to withdraw the military of the Andronikos third, as for the Mikhail third, フィリッポポリス is occupied by the ビザンツ forces which pointed out a chance of the defense of the Bulgarian side [8]. The Mikhail third broke ヴォイシル in spite of the loss of フィリッポポリス and restored the north, rule of northeast Thrace put under ビザンツ until the last year in 1324 [9]. In the same year, the Mikhail third invades the ビザンツ territory of the マリツァ lower part of a river basin [10]. The Andronikos third whom enough military power was not collected suggested that the Andronikos third fought to a finish by a duel to the Mikhail third without going for the interception of the Bulgarian military. Later ビザンツ emperor John VI カンタクゼノス writes down an answer of the Mikhail third of this time as follows.
| " | Own blacksmith catching hot iron by hand is a fool without using the pliers. It will be in the laughing stock of the Bulgarian nation as a fool same as a blacksmith's if I do imitation jeopardizing own body in substitution for a powerful big army. | " |
It is told that an answer of the Mikhail third, a stratagem of oneself ended in failure as for the Andronikos third to have been furious. However, in the case of the war with the grandfather, the Mikhail third who knew that the Andronikos third was opposed to the grandfather Andronikos second who was 共治帝 suggested that I provided help to the Andronikos third and I exchanged the promise of the Andronikos third and negotiations and went back to Bulgaria.
Peace with ビザンツ, interference to a civil war
Though a Bulgarian messenger was called with a name in reproof of an invasion to the Bulgarian ビザンツ territory by Constantinople, negotiations were performed among Bulgaria and the Andronikos third hurriedly. The Mikhail third decides a divorce with princess Anna ネダ from Serbia, a remarriage with widow Theodora パレオロギナ of Theodor スヴェトスラフ [11]. The correct reason why the Mikhail third gave two decision to is unclear, but estimate it when many historians are because Bulgaria and Serbian relations turned worse for Serbian Macedonia advance [12]; [13].
Bulgaria and an alliance of ビザンツ were established, but the Mikhail third will give in for a fight with Serbia at the same time in ビザンツ, and the border of two countries is devised on the line of フィリッポポリス チェルメノン (current オルメニオ ), ソゾポリス by the marriage [12]. Two countries sign a treaty of friendship in the autumn of 1324, and the peace between several years comes between Bulgaria and ビザンツ [12]; [14]. By this treaty, Bulgaria restores south of the Balkan Mountains, north Thrace, ザゴリア [15]; [16].
In 1327, the Mikhail third interferes 内訌 of the Andronikos third and the Andronikos second in Byzantine Empire. The Andronikos second who was a political adversary of the Andronikos third of the brother-in-law received support of Serbia. The Mikhail third talked together with the Andronikos third in チェルメノン (チェルメノン treaty ) and concluded an agreement of anti-Serbia. After having become the independent emperor, in a treaty, the Andronikos third promised the cession of the territory and the payment of a large amount of reward for Bulgaria [17].
The Andronikos third got the Macedonian control, but the Mikhail third who expected the prolongation of the civil war of ビザンツ negotiated with the Andronikos second, and a fund and the cession of the city of the border zone were promised in exchange for military affairs support by チェルメノン treaty [18]. A cavalry division of 3,000 that Ivan the Russian led was dispatched as a palace of Constantinople and the guards of the Andronikos second by Bulgaria, but, in the reinforcements whom the Mikhail third dispatched, the truth was intended by occupation of Constantinople and capture of the Andronikos second [19]; [20]. However, the Andronikos second received warning from the Andronikos third and kept away the Bulgarian military from the capital carefully. The Mikhail third who knew that a plan was found out attached the feather which burnt with the meaning "that should have executed an order quickly" and sent the letter which gave Ivan the Russian an order for retreat [21].
After the Andronikos third won against a grandfather, the Mikhail third tries the occupation of the city of some ビザンツ territory. The Mikhail third invades the ビザンツ territory of Thrace in June, 1328 and plundered it in the Vize (en) neighborhood, but withdraws when I know the march of the Andronikos third [22]. I withdrew without being at war, and the Mikhail third went back to the Bulgarian detached force which marched in ad rear no pull (current Eddie Rene) in the update of the peace agreement in October, 1328 before the payment of a large amount of indemnification was required [23]. But Bulgaria had to return a fortress of Bukelon (en) which I occupied in the initial stage of the military operation to ビザンツ [24].
In early 1329, the following day, the Mikhail third requested [16], the Andronikos third for the holding of the talk to be opposed to Serbia escalating power in Macedonia [15] [1]. In Krimni located between ソゾポリス and Anchialus, Bulgaria and ビザンツ promised "lasting peace and an everlasting alliance" [22].
with Serbia of relationships
Serbia had a close relation with Bulgaria until the early 14th century, but it was that the relations of the two countries were chilled by the Mikhail third of 1324 and a divorce of Anna ネダ [25]. Anna ネダ must leave タルノヴォ with a son and took refuge under Serbian King Stephane ウロシュ third デチャンスキ which was an older brother [12].
The ウロシュ third faced rivalry with the Stephane ヴラディスラヴ second () of the cousin, and a viewpoint against the Mikhail third did not have it [11]. Although I considered the ウロシュ third to be a competitor, the Mikhail third did not offer the help that was enough for the ヴラディスラヴ second who was the present enemy of the ウロシュ third. In the spring of 1324, the ウロシュ third dispatched the ダニーロ second who became a Serbian archbishop later in the Imperial Court of タルノヴォ as a mission, but the ダニーロ second was not able to achieve a mission [26]. Furthermore, in 内訌 in Byzantine Empire from 1327, Serbia supported the Andronikos second and took the situation against Bulgaria which supported the Andronikos third. [11][27] [28].
Fight of ヴェルブジュド
The Mikhail third pushes forward the preparations for expedition while the Serbian military plunders it by an off re-doh after the conclusion of the alliance with ビザンツ of 1329. The Mikhail third strongly demands obedience from the ウロシュ third, and the Serbian chronicle conveys what I threatened saying "let's put my Emperor's chair in the center of Serbia" [29].
With the military of the Andronikos third who marched in Serbia from the south in 1330, the Mikhail third performed an expedition with 15,000 soldiers including the military of allies such as straw Kia, Moldavia [29]. After having reached Vidin, the Mikhail third went south toward Vidin, but, as for many historians, the Mikhail third thinks the reason that left for Vidin to be to join the military of seawife Ulu who is brother first [30]. However, the cooperation with the Bulgarian military and ビザンツ forces is short and meets with 15,000 Serbian militaries in the suburbs of ヴェルブジュド (current Kyustendil) [31]. The Mikhail third and the ウロシュ third had the place of the talk with the both sides in hope of the arrival of reinforcements and agreed a one-day truce. After a truce agreement was concluded, I let you search the food which the Mikhail third breaks up the armed forces, and was short.
However, the Serbian forces broke an agreement and hung an attack in Bulgaria when the Catalonia cavalry division which prince Stephane do beauty led under the main force of the Serbian military on the morning of July 28, 1330 joined [32]. The Mikhail third revived the order of the armed forces, but, in spite of an unexpected attack, the battle already ended in victory of Serbia late [29].
Although Bulgaria did not lose a territory, as a result of this battle, an illustration of power of new Balkan Peninsula was formed, and Serbia took possession of most of Macedonia [33].
Death
The corpse of the Mikhail third was buried in the Saint ゲオルギオス church (en) of スタロ ナゴリチャネ [34]. The situation that he died at the time is uncertain, and various opinions are divided by historical materials.
I write that the Mikhail third suffers a fatal injury in a battle, and John VI カンタクゼノス died soon [32]. However, the Mikhail third loses consciousness during 3rd, and the historian of different ビザンツ states that I died on the fourth day.
In addition, it is described that the Mikhail third falls from the horse during a battle in a Serbian chronicle and got injured. The chronicle informs that corpse of the Mikhail third and the ウロシュ third whom I met criticized that he preferred war to peace in mourning death of the Mikhail third [35].
Grigorii ツァンブラク () which was a Bulgarian scholar, clergyman of the early 15th century supposed that the Mikhail third was captured and killed by Stephane do beauty [35].
Family
- The wife of the Anna ネダ - beginning. A daughter of Serbian King Stephane ウロシュ second ミルティン. The Mikhail third got several children between her.
- Emperor of Ivan Stephane - Bulgaria.
- I ruled over Vidin in Mikhail - short term [36].
- シシュマン (en)
- The wife of the Theodora パレオロギナ -2 joint. It is a widow of Bulgarian emperor Theodor スヴェトスラフ and acts as a daughter of the ビザンツ emperor Mikhail ninth pareo logos. I got several children between the Mikhail third, but the name of the child is unidentified.
Footnote
- ^ a b c Kazhdan, "Michael IIIŠišman", 1,365 pages
- ^Андреев, p. 255
- ^ a b Fine, 268 pages
- ^ Fine, pp. 268–269
- ^Божилов,Гюзелев, 562 pages
- ^ a b cАндреев, 256 pages
- ^ "Historia by John Kantakouzenos" in GIBI, vol. X, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, 224 pages
- ^ "Historia by John Kantakouzenos" in GIBI, vol. X, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, 227 pages
- ^Божилов,Гюзелев, 563 pages
- ^Андреев, 256-257 pages
- ^ a b c Fine, 270 pages
- ^ a b c dАндреев, 258 pages
- ^Божилов,Гюзелев, 566 pages
- ^Божилов,Гюзелев, 564 pages
- ^ a b Tatsuya Moriyasu, Junko Imai coreason "Bulgaria climate and history" (恒文社, 1981), page 131
- ^ a b Keitaro Shoju "history of Byzantine Empire" (Tokai University publication society, February, 1999), page 814
- ^Андреев, 259 pages
- ^Андреев, 259-260 pages
- ^ Jireček, 419 pages
- ^Павлов
- ^Андреев, 260 pages
- ^ a bАндреев, 261 pages
- ^ Fine, 271 pages
- ^Божилов,Гюзелев, 567-568 pages
- ^Андреев, 250 pages
- ^Божилов,Гюзелев, 565 pages
- ^Андреев, 258-259 pages
- ^ Gregory, 305 pages
- ^ a b cАндреев, 262 pages
- ^Божилов,Гюзелев, 571 pages
- ^ Fine, 271-272 pages
- ^ a b "Historia by John Kantakouzenos" in GIBI, vol. X, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, 265 pages
- ^ Fine, 272 pages
- ^Божилов,Гюзелев, 573 pages
- ^ a bАндреев, 264 pages
- ^ "Rulers of Vidin" (Bulgarian). April 8, 2011 reading.
References
- Андреев(Andreev),Йордан(Jordan); МилчоЛалков(Milcho Lalkov) (1996) (Bulgarian). Българскитехановеицаре(The Bulgarian Khans and Tsars). ВеликоТърново(Veliko Tarnovo): Абагар(Abagar). ISBN 954-427-216-X.
- Вожилов (Bozhilov), Иван (Ivan); Васил Гюзелев (Vasil Gyuzelev) (1999) (Bulgarian). История на средновековна България VII-XIV век (History of Medieval Bulgaria 7th–14th Centuries). София (Sofia): Анубис (Anubis). ISBN 954-426-204-0.
- Fine, J. (1987). The Late Medieval Balkans, A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. The University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-10079-3.
- Колектив (Collective) (1980). "XIX. Йоан Кантакузин (XIX. John Kantakouzenos)" (Bulgarian and Greek). Гръцки извори за българската история (ГИБИ), том X (Greek Sources for Bulgarian History (GIBI), volume X). София (Sofia): Издателство на БАН (Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Press).
- Gregory, T. (2005). A History of Byzantium. Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 0-631-23513-2.
- Jireček, Konstantin (1977) (German). Geschichte der Bulgaren. Frankfurt am Main: Textor Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938402-11-5.
- Kazhdan, A.; and collective (1991). "Volume II". The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-504652-8.
- Павлов (Pavlov), Пламен (Plamen) (2005). "Руски "бродници", политически политически бегълци и военачалници през XII-XIV век (Russian "Vagrands", Political Refugees and Commanders during the 12th–14th Centuries)" (Bulgarian). Бунтари и авантюристи в средновековна България (Rebels and Adventurers in Medieval Bulgaria). Varna: LiterNet. ISBN 954-304-152-0.
|
|
This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia Mikhail third シシュマン
This article is distributed by cc-by-sa or GFDL license in accordance with the provisions of Wikipedia.
In addition, Tranpedia is simply not responsible for any show is only by translating the writings of foreign licenses that are compatible with CC-BY-SA license information.
0 개의 댓글:
댓글 쓰기