Medical economics

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The medical economics (いりょうけいざいがく British: health economics) is an economic application field handling a medical system. I analyze various things about medical care including pharmaceutical products, the medical insurance using economic technique.

Table of contents

The field that medical economics deals with

I can regard the medical system as the problem of the supply and demand for the service called the medical care if I see it economically. When I think that I cannot completely entrust the agreement of the supply and demand about it only to the adjustment function with the market from the specialty of the health care service, the participation of the government, the local government is necessary.

How the expense of the health care service should be born again is a medical economic leading problem what kind of mechanism the health care service should be supplied by. In other words, for the supply main constituent of the health care service, it is the problem that problems about the medical insurance as a public medical institution or a personal medical institution or the medical feed mechanism adopted practically, the problem of relation government for the medical care as an object of the social security, a medical expense and the burden are concrete.

Furthermore, a problem of the effectiveness in the production (activity of the hospital) of the health care service, the problem about the medical industry, a medical cost-benefit analysis are handled. The medical cost-benefit analysis is a thing for examination whether or not expense distribution for the medical care is appropriate, and, in conjunction with it, an evaluation of the advantage of the health care service particularly an evaluation of the economical value of the human life is done with a problem. Central Social Insurance Medical Council pushes forward examination by a policy of the introduction of trying it in Japan in 2016 while foreign countries deciding based on a multifaceted medical technology evaluation including the economy on the occasion of the insurance repayment of pharmaceutical products, medical equipment, the treatment policy increase.

Supply and demand of the health care service

 

The health expenditure according to the resources of each OECD country.
As for the light blue, government general expenditures, the purple pay their own social insurance, red; the bitter orange the private insurance, green others [¹]

I refer to "the universal health care"

The health care service has the following characteristic.

• The demand is human health and a vital thing; of the nature extremely requisite for all people is high.
• The outbreak of illness and the injury, an effect of the treatment, the sum of medical expenses are unpredictable and contain uncertainty for an individual.
• Is hard to exchanging the value of health and the life of the person to money, and the health care service is extremely like the non-same quality, and the price for it is hard to be settled.

When I completely entrust a problem of the sufficiency of the demand for such a health care service to a personal self-responsibility from these characteristic, the personal life is always unstable, and it is particularly difficult for the low-income person to get security of the life.

Since it is intended to guarantee personal life by social security removes uneasiness of the personal life to being relieved, it is natural that medical care becomes a target. As an object of the social security, I include unemployment or old age besides, but medical care accounts for the biggest specific gravity.

For a method of the social security about the medical care, there is medical insurance system [¹] such as an offer [¹], the social insurance of the health care service with the public money burden medical care that assumed the supporting (medical expenses subtraction) general yield of taxes of the medical expenses for the individual financial funds.

Footnote

1. ^ ^{a b c}Health at a Glance 2013(Report). OECD. (2013-11-21). Chapt.7.6. doi: 10.1787/health_glance-2013-en. 

Allied item

• Public sanitation / medical system
• Medical expenses / medical expenses of the country
  • Medical treatment reward / Dispensing fee / Medicine charge
  • Reward for nursing care
• The welfare / Social security / Nanny state / Universal health care
• Medical insurance
• Social capital
• Associate market
• Medical technology evaluation / evidence-based medicine

This item is an unfinished item in conjunction with the economy. I demand the cooperator who corrects it, and corrects this item (portal economics, project economy).

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This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia Medical economics

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