イヴァイロ (the Bulgarian emperor)
| イヴァイロ Ивайло | |
|---|---|
| Czar | |
| The reign | From 1277 to 1280 |
| Birth | Ignorance |
| The death | 1280 or 1281 |
| Spouse | Maria パレオロギナ カンタクゼネ |
| Dynasty | The second Bulgaria empire |
イヴァイロ (Bulgarian :Ивайло?in in -1280 year or 1281) the emperor (a czar, the reign: for from 1278 to 1279) of the second Bulgaria empire. I am called by a nickname of "ラカナス" (Lakhanas) meaning "cabbage" in "バルドコヴァ" (Bardokva), Greek to mean a "radish" "lettuce" in Bulgarian [1].
I caused a farmer revolt in 1277 and let Bulgarian nobles recognize the up rank to the emperor. I won for war with ジョチ Ulu who was Byzantine Empire (Eastern Empire) and a Mongolian nation and kept a royal rank during several years. However, I encountered a foreign counterattack and noble repulsion and lost my position and was ousted in ジョチ Ulu's and was assassinated.
Table of contents
Life
Revolt by "an oracle"
The authority of the emperor lost it among the people in Bulgaria of the 1270s, and plundering by Mongolia was repeated again in the northern part of Bulgaria for a long term [2].
Originally イヴァイロ was a poor farmer and I worked as swineherd of employ me and made living. When he was given a duty to save Bulgaria exposed to a frequent invasion of the Nogai that oneself is the imperial family of the ジョチ Ulu's from God before long, I come to nurse delusions. I preached the escape out of hardships to swineherd and farmers of the friend and it turned around and I led a voluntary army in 1277 and put victory of several degrees for the Mongolia forces and pushed Mongolian power in the Danube north. The human beings who had dissatisfaction toward the politics of the emperor triggered by victory for Mongolia gathered around イヴァイロ [2] and marched to a noble with the emperor in rebellion in タルノヴォ.
The Bulgarian emperor Constantin TIFF went to the subjugation of イヴァイロ, but I was defeated and イヴァイロ caught Constantin and executed it like "the animal of the sacrifice" [2]. The emperor forces and some nobles whom Constantin TIFF led joined the rebel army of イヴァイロ [3], but I enlarged the revolt widely, but there was the person whom I continued resisting, and タルノヴォ of the capital kept independence in widow Maria pareo logos カンタクゼノス (en:Maria Palaiologina Kantakouzene) of Constantin and followers of child Mikhail (en:Michael Asen II of Bulgaria).
However, the success of イヴァイロ lets the ビザンツ emperor Mikhail eighth have uneasiness. The Mikhail eighth regarded a revolt of イヴァイロ as the fight between nobles at first and was going to approach イヴァイロ [3] and I let one's daughter marry and was going to conclude marital status. However, a revolt anti-; the Mikhail eighth who knew that was the thing of the feudal property changed a plan, and let イリニ of the daughter marry into the Bulgarian imperial family Ivan アセン third who stayed in the Imperial Court of ビザンツ. I attach the armed forces to make him a royal rank and send it back to Bulgaria [3], and clothes are going to let you belong through the Ivan アセン third in Bulgaria [4].
Emperor enthronement post
イヴァイロ and the Maria who knew the invasion of the ビザンツ forces which had the Ivan アセン third were reconciled with each other and got married. イヴァイロ got a Bulgarian royal rank in 1278 with the proviso that I guaranteed the succession of the royal rank without disherison doing Mikhail of the early childhood [3]. However, I encountered the objection of nobles and was not able to reform a social system [5].
Still イヴァイロ commands the interception from the south supporting the Ivan アセン third to the ビザンツ forces and succeeds in the repulse of the Mongolia forces to invade from the north. In 1279, イヴァイロ caught the siege in the Mongolian big army at a dollar feeling tired (current buttocks stole) fortress of the coast of Danube during three months. The rumor that he was killed in action while イヴァイロ is away from タルノヴォ spreads, and nobles of タルノヴォ led by ゲオルギ terTeru support the Ivan アセン third to the new emperor. Maria and Mikhail were ousted in ビザンツ, and it was replaced, and the Ivan アセン third entered a fortress in タルノヴォ [6].
イヴァイロ returned to タルノヴォ with the armed forces in 1279, the following day, but was not able to cancel the armament of the garrison of タルノヴォ. Nonetheless イヴァイロ wins against the big army of ビザンツ with fight () of デヴニャ.
After the Ivan アセン third giving up the suppression of the revolt in 1280, and having got away from タルノヴォ, ゲオルギ terTeru which is a brother-in-law of the Ivan アセン third succeeds to the throne to the emperor. The ゲオルギ first who is the rival who appeared newly combines with イヴァイロ and a noble fighting against each other, and イヴァイロ gradually loses a supporter. The prostrate farmer soldier left the cause of イヴァイロ, and イヴァイロ was defeated by ゲオルギ terTeru because the armament was poor [2].
(or 1281), イヴァイロ went under the Nogai for the recapture of the royal rank for 1,280 years to get help in exchange for subordination, but the Ivan アセン third was going to demand help from Nogai, too. The Nogai killed イヴァイロ depending on a request of the Ivan アセン third (both were married to a daughter of the Mikhail eighth) who was a brother-in-law at the seat of the banquet after all.
I it posthumously
As for the people, his name was not forgotten after death of イヴァイロ [2]. In the times when Osman empire invaded Balkan Peninsula, the person who gave イヴァイロ appeared in Constantinople and was going to drive a farmer to a fight with Ottoman, but I was imprisoned by Emperor ビザンツ [6].
Family
イヴァイロ gained one daughter between Maria パレオロギナ カンタクゼネ. The name of the daughter is unknown.
Footnote
- ^ ディミトロフ, イスーソフ, ショポフ "Bulgaria 1," it is page 98
- ^ a b c d e Terashima "revolt "encyclopedia knowing Eastern Europe of イバイロ"," it is 32-33 pages
- ^ a b c d ディミトロフ, イスーソフ, ショポフ "Bulgaria 1," it is page 99
- ^ Moriyasu, Imai "Bulgarian climate and history," it is page 127
- ^ Moriyasu, Imai "Bulgarian climate and history," it is 127-128 pages
- ^ a b ディミトロフ, イスーソフ, ショポフ "Bulgaria 1," it is page 100
References
- Kenji Terashima "revolt "encyclopedia collecting (Heibonsha Publishers Ltd., March, 2001) knowing Eastern Europe" of イバイロ"
- Tatsuya Moriyasu, the Junko Imai coreason "Bulgaria climate and history" (恒文社, 1981)
- I.ディミトロフ, M. イスーソフ, I. ショポフ "Bulgaria 1" (Kenji Terashima reason, world textbook = history, ほるぷ publication, August, 1985)
- John V. A. Fine, Jr., The Late Medieval Balkans, Ann Arbor, 1987.
Allied item
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