Frederick Clements

Frederick Clements (Frederic Edward Clements, from September 16, 1874 to July 26, 1945) is a plant ecologist of the United States of America. It is a theoretical pioneer about the transition of the plant community [¹]^{: 51}.

Brief career history

I was born in Lincoln of Nebraska. I learned botany in Nebraska University and graduated in 1894 and acquired a doctorate in 1898. Charles Bessie is to the instructor who received instruction, and there is the Roscoe pound of Willa Cather and the jurist who became the writer to a class mate. Married Edith Schwarz (Edith Gertrude Schwartz) of the botanist from the same school in 1899 [²]; [³].

I became a professor of the Nebraska University in 1905 and became a botany director of the University of Minnesota in 1907. I studied phytobiology from 1917 through 1941 in Carnegie Institute of Washington D.C. I performed fieldwork at Carnegie alpine plant research institute of the halfway up a mountain of the pikes peak of Colorado at a study base of Santa Barbara of Tucson and California of Arizona in work, the summer in the winter season. I performed the experimental study in the staff and a function of Soil Conservation Service of the government, Carnegie Institute [²].

From observation of the vegetation of Nebraska and the western United States, Clements built the theory of the vegetation change that affected the field of the phytobiology. The vegetation did not permanently exist in the same state and I changed so that 徐々 resembled it with progress of the time and insisted as if the whole vegetation was a creature of the one when it developed towards a state of climax (climax).

climax theory of the vegetation of Clements of the early 20th century caught the criticism of Henry Allan Gleason and Arthur Tonne's Lee at first, and it was not mainstream, but there was a scholar called Clementsian by criticism by Robert ホイタッカー at the end of 20th century at the mid-20th century.

It was done 献名 in kind of the plant of the Sedum, Clementsia rhodantha (synonym of Rhodiola rhodantha) [⁴].

Writing

• The Phytogeography of Nebraska (1898, second edition, 1900)
• Research Methods in Ecology (1905)
• Plant Physiology and Ecology (1907)
• Plant Succession (1916)
• Plant Indicators (1920)
• Plant Succession and Indicators (1928, reprinted 1973)
• Flower Families and Ancestors (1928, with Edith Clements)
• Plant Ecology (1929, with J.E. Weaver)
• The Genera of Fungi (1931, repr. 1965, with C. L. Shear)

Clem. is used to show Frederick Clements when I show an author by the scientific name of the plant. (I search Author Details in /IPNI reading an author sketchy description.)

References

1. ^ Humphrey, Harry Baker (1961). Makers of North American Botany. Ronald Press. ISBN 9780826045201. LCCN 61-18,435. 
2. ^ ^{a b} "Frederic E. Clements". University of California at Santa Barbara. June 28, 2015 reading.
3. ^ Clements, Edith S (1960). Adventures in Ecology. Hafner Publishing Company. ISBN 9780028429304. 
4. ^ Britton, N L; Rose, J N (1903). "Botanical contributions: New or noteworthy North American Crassulaceae". It is http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97293#page/19/mode/1up. Bulletin of the New York Botanical Garden 3:3 

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