Polyaniline
The polyaniline (polyaniline, PANI) is a conductive high polymer kind. Like many conductive macromolecules, I have one dimension structure to range along the molecular chain that conjugate π electron system is linear. It is in use as electrode materials of the solid electrolysis condenser.
There are any questions for the mechanism while I have a few characteristic to other conductive macromolecules to be available for addition, the detachment of the proton easily by a polymerization condition (pH of the solution) and doping.
Table of contents
Molecular structure
The structure of the polyaniline becomes like the right figure, and imine nitrogen atom (=N-) and amine nitrogen atom (-NH-) are included between six-membered rings. Degree of polymerization (x) exceeds 1,000. I have the characteristic that an electrical property greatly changes by the oxidation by the impurities addition.
- Royko emeraldine (English :leucoemeraldine)(n = 1, m = 0, a chemical formula: (C6H4NH)n)
- エメラルディン (English: emeraldine) (n = 0.5, m = 0.5, a chemical formula: ([C6H4NH]2[C6H4N]2)n)
- Unlike Royko emeraldine, I take the semi-quinoid structure that the structure of molecules and the band was modified and show high conductivity
- The half oxidation is in a state and, with basic blue, is a state of the salt and dissolves in solvents such as green, NMP, and molding is easy.
- ペルニグルアニリン (English: pernigraniline) (n = 0, m = 1, a chemical formula: C6H4N) n)
- パーニグラニリン, ニグラニリン, English: I am called nigraniline
- It becomes the insulator again to become benzenoid or the quinoid structure.
- It is blue or a dark purple unstable material in a complete oxidation state
- I am estimated to be a chief ingredient of the aniline black [1]
History
It was known that so-called aniline black was formed on the anode surface when I oxidized aniline electrochemically for a long time. This was used as black dye, but stability was bad, and the real nature of the material was unclear for a long time again.
It is not a name called the polyaniline, but Letheby succeeds in electrolysis polymerization in 1862. In 1912, the different oxidation polyaniline octamer which was in a state was identified [2]. Furthermore, I knew that active polyaniline was provided by electrolysis polymerization electrically when it was 1980 and came to attract attention as a conductivity macromolecule [3]. In late years it is studied as electrodes of the rechargeable batteries having high energy density.
Synthetic method
The polyaniline is composed from aniline by electrolysis polymerization as spoke in a history. Particularly, エメラルディン which was protonated when I become electrolysis acid in acid water solutions such as hydrochloric acid or the sulfuric acid is got by the electrode surface and shows high conductivity. At this time, a homogeneous film is provided when I sweep electric potential in the range of -0.2 - around +0.8V, but it is powdered, and conductive low polyaniline is provided when I apply constant voltage. The former is called the electric potential sweep method. On the other hand, insulating polyaniline is provided in the neutrality to alkaline liquids.
References
- ^ Experiment condition and aniline black of acetanilide of the synthesis（Keio UniversityAcademic information repository）
- ^ A. G. Green et. al, J. Chem. Soc., 101, 1117 (1912).
- ^ A. F. Diaz et. al, J. Electroanal. Chem., 111, 111 (1980).
- For Katsumi Yoshino, Mitsunobu Onoda "macromolecule electronics" CORONA PUBLISHING CO.,LTD., 1,996 years, it is P.21-23, P.155-157, P.170-173
This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia Polyaniline
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