Polar effect

In chemistry, a polar effect (きょくせいこうか, Polar effect) or the electronic effect (I do not appear or I do it and will work electronic effect) is the effect to play a key role of the chemical reaction with the substituent modifying static electric force. The main effect giving a polar effect is inductive effect and a mesomerism effect and field effect.

The general substituent effect influences not only the polar effect but also the steric hindrance.

Electron-accepting basis

The electron-accepting basis (electron withdrawing group, EWG) absorbs an electron from a reaction center. This center has a stable effect for carbanion and alkoxide anion having high electron density.

• Main 電子求引基
  • Halogen
  • Nitrile
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Carbonyl group

Electronic grant-related basis

The electronic grant-related basis (electron releasing group, ERG, electron donating groups, EDG) gives an electron to a reaction center such as the carbocation that an electron was short.

• The main electronic grant basis
  • Alkyl group
  • Alcohol
  • Amino group

Allied item

• Organic electron theory
• Electronegativity
• Lone electron pair

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