2017년 4월 19일 수요일

Off re-doh local nature, cultural heritage

Off re-doh local nature, cultural heritage

World heritage Off re-doh local natural ・
Cultural heritage
（Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia）
スヴェーティ ヨヴァン Kaneo temple of Confucius and Lake off re-doh
スヴェーティ ヨヴァン Kaneo temple of Confucius and Lake off re-doh
Fame Natural and Cultural Heritage of the Ohrid region
The name of a Buddha Patrimoine naturel et culturel de la région d' Ohrid
Area 83,350 ha
Registration division Compound inheritance
IUCN classification II (national park)
Registration standard (1), (3), (4), (7)
The registration year 1979 (the third world heritage Committee)
The expansion year 1980 (the fourth world heritage Committee)
Remarks I change a name of it in 2006
The change that is slight in 2009
Official site World heritage center (English)
Map
Position (the Republic of Macedonia) of the off re-doh local nature, cultural heritage
Off re-doh local nature, cultural heritage
Usage, indication

The off re-doh local nature, cultural heritage (オフリド ちいきのしぜん does not go) is a list of world heritages registration article of UNESCO in off re-doh City of Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (as follows merely Republic of Macedonia [explanatory note 1]). Christianity building or the icon which remained for beautiful scenery of the Lake clear off re-doh to be said to be the world's oldest lake and the city off re-doh that developed in harmony with it were evaluated. It was registered as a natural inheritance in 1979 and, in the next year, I enlarged it as the compound inheritance that I came to try for the first time in Europe and was registered.

Table of contents

Registration process

World heritage treaty effect was original, and the off re-doh belonged to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. It is from the second world heritage Committee of 1978 that the registration of the article to a list of world heritages began. For the third world heritage Committee of the next year, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) which was a consultative body urged "registration postponement" [1], and this article was added to a world heritage list. But the registration name at the point in time was registration as the natural inheritance in "Lake off re-doh" (Lake Ohrid) [2].

Extended registration of the cultural heritage of the off re-doh was accepted in the next year and was a compound inheritance [3]. With it, the name was changed with "Natural and Cultural Heritage of the Ohrid region", too [3]. The registration of the compound inheritance was naive in the second case, Europe next to Tikal National Park (Guatemalan world heritage, 1979 registration) of the last year.

When the Macedonian socialism republic which was the constitution country which held an off re-doh became independent with the dismantling of Yugoslavia as the Republic of Macedonia, it was the world heritage of the country [explanatory note 2].

I was changed to the current registration name in 2006 [4]. I applied for the slight change about the registration range in the 32nd world heritage Committee of 2008, but it became the "information inquiry" resolution and was seen off [5]. About this, it was approved in the 33rd world heritage Committee of the next year [5].

registration masterpieces

The original official name as the compound inheritance was Ohrid Region with its Cultural and Historical Aspect and its Natural Environment (English), Contrée naturelle et culturo-historique d'Ohrid (French); [4]. There was following difference in the Japanese translation at that time by a document.

The official registration name after the name change of 2006 is Natural and Cultural Heritage of the Ohrid region (English), Patrimoine naturel et culturel de la région d' Ohrid (French). The Japanese translation has some shaking as follows.

Cultural heritage

 
Off re-doh City-cho and Lake off re-doh. This side is a fortress of Samuil
The details refer to "an off re-doh"

I am considered to be one of the permanent home of the oldest human in Europe that the history of the off re-doh is old and mentions it later. I was called Luc D'ni that we had an Illyrian city in the fourth century B.C. from the twelfth century B.C., and meant "a brilliant town" at the time of [12] [13]. Belonged to the Roman Empire for pre-148 years, but prospered from the geographical importance more [12]; [13].

It is said that Christianity came at the end of third century [12], but, in connection with [13], the world heritage registration reason, activity of Saint クリメント of the end of ninth century and Saint ナウム (English version) is important. The off re-doh was the place name which assumed "the top of the rock which rose steeply" of Slavic the etymology [13], and the Slavic emigration to this ground was in the seventh century (as for the appearance of "the off re-doh" in documents the ninth century); [14]. The off re-doh at the time belongs to the first Bulgaria empire, and クリメント which was a pupil of Saint Kyrillos and Saint Methodios and ナウム which was the older brother are dispatched for the off re-doh by an order of the emperor Boris first, and is energetic in the ground; was active [14]; [8]. The activity of クリメント and ナウム "made an off re-doh religion, education, a Cultural Center outstanding of Balkan", and [15] is done with the thing which "built the basics of slab world's first Christianity culture" [16].

The off re-doh is in a capital at the age of emperor Samuil (997 years [10]), and the patriarch seat was established, too, but, after defeat and death of Samuil, will belong to Byzantine Empire [17]; [18]. Many temples of Confucius were built for this Byzantine Empire Era, and a lot of superior frescoes were drawn, too [8].

However, became the Osman empire territory in 1398, and after that the conversion to the mosque of the temple of Confucius was carried out, and a lot of has been painted over into the fresco group with it [10]; [19]. When they were the 20th century, reconstruction construction was carried out, and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization cooperated in 1951, too [20]. After world heritage registration, 20,000 USD is contributed for the purpose of the preservation of the fresco in 1986 by World Heritage Fund [21].

I give an outline as follows about a main temple of Confucius.

スヴェーティ クリメント temple of Confucius

スヴェーティ クリメント temple of Confucius (Saint クリメント temple of Confucius [20]) was a temple of Confucius built in 1295, and, as for [20], the cause, was done 献堂 by a god in human shape woman, but a corpse of Saint クリメント named the name with what was moved, and came to be called it [13]; [22]. Painter Mikhail (ミヒャル) of two that dealt with and the name of エウティヒオス are written down to the drawn fresco with the foundation original name of an era [20]; [23]. These two people deal with many frescoes in Serbia and Macedonia; for the placement of persuasion and the color of the light and shade with the characteristic [23].

It is a work of the eleventh to the 19th century to be possessed by icon Museum provided along, and [22], the collection have the global popularity [23]; [10].

スヴェータ Sofia sanctuary

 
スヴェータ Sofia sanctuary

In the スヴェータ Sofia sanctuary (St. Sophia temple of Confucius [20], Saint Sophie-ya sanctuary [22]), the forerunner was a basilica of the emperors in a temple of Confucius constructed in the early eleventh century [20]; [18]. Because the main part was drawn at the mid-eleventh century [23], a thing drawn by the 14th century is restored [20]. Said that the fresco which described [24], seated figure of the god in human shape woman holding an infant, territory Saint などを of apostles in including the death (ceiling picture) of the master drawn in 1140 through 1150 remains in this sanctuary and is interesting in Byzantine art of Balkan Peninsula [8]; [25].

スヴェーティ ヨヴァン Kaneo temple of Confucius

Because there is the スヴェーティ ヨヴァン Kaneo temple of Confucius (Saint ヨバン Kaneyo church [26], St. John Kaneyo church [22]) on [26], the lakeside sheer cliff in a temple of Confucius constructed in the thirteenth century, is known as a temple of Confucius of the attractive location [26]; [23]. "Even movie biforehand the lane" came up as the stage of the work [26].

スヴェーティ ナウム temple of Confucius

 
スヴェーティ ナウム temple of Confucius
The details refer to "Saint ナウム monastery"

In the main temple of Confucius of the Saint ナウム monastery located in south relationship of the Lake off re-doh in the remote Republic of Macedonia territory from the city area of the off re-doh, it was built in the 16th century [27]. I was destroyed in the 17th century, but am restored to the original state with an internal fresco now [20].


Natural inheritance

 
Scenery of the Lake off re-doh
The details refer to "Lake off re-doh"

Lake off re-doh is a lake belonging to Republic of Macedonia and Albania and is greatest in Balkan Peninsula [28]. Have Mt. co-lab of the highest peak near by in the Republic of Macedonia [10], and it is known even that [29], transparency are high, and it is commonly said in the beauty [11]; [29]. In the Republic of Macedonia, the contemplation of the nation for the Lake off re-doh is strong for a landlocked country [30]; [29].

The formation is considered to be approximately 5 million years ago [20]. Is said even to the world that there are only Lake Baikal, Lake Tanganyika, and the Lake is estimated with world oldest grade in a kind of sea trace lake formed by the upheaval of the bottom of the sea in [20], such the ancient times [10]; [11]. Surface of a lake 695m above sea level, depth of the water 286m, this lake of area 348 km2 (beat as for two-thirds Republic of Macedonia part) [31] do not freeze up through the year [20], and the rare ecosystem that succeeded [10], an ancient biota is stored [20]; [29]. An endemic species accounts for the majority in fish, a platyhelminth, the friends of the small crab, and approximately 90% is an endemic species when it leads to conches [32]. アルブルヌス ベルウィカ (Alburnus belvica, carp department) of the vulnerable species has habitation [32].

The Lake off re-doh in the Republic of Macedonia is included in the ガリツィツァ national park (French version) set in 1958 [33], and the rare birds are seen in [11], the neighboring damp ground. For example, is ニシハイイロペリカン, カタシロワシ, ヒメチョウゲンボウ (each vulnerable species); [34].

Registration standard

 
Icon (the god in human shape woman Gospel, the early 14th century) of the スヴェーティ クリメント temple of Confucius

Considered that this world heritage met the following standards in the world heritage registration standard, and registration was accomplished (the following standards are translation, quotation from a registration standard of the world heritage center publication).

  • (1) The masterpiece which expresses creative talent of the human.
  • (3) Of the one and only of the cultural tradition that existed or became extinct or the civilization or at least rare evidence.
  • (4) A superior example of architecture illustrating the important times in history of the human, building group, the accumulation of the technique or the scenery.
  • (7) I include the best natural phenomenon with especially superior natural beautiful and aesthetic importance or an area.

In world heritage Committee, I did not show an individual application reason. But the summary of the article this in the world heritage center "lead an icon of Byzantine style more than 800 points to sail up the town which the town of the off re-doh to be located in the shore of Lake off re-doh is one of the permanent home of the European oldest, and was built mainly from the seventh to the 19th century until the end from oldest Slav monastery (Saint パンテレイモン) and the eleventh to the 14th century, and show this with [35] that it is thought that even the world is the collection of important icon next to the holding of the トレチャコフ art museum of Moscow", and, in addition, in the world nature maintenance monitoring center, "the Lake off re-doh to occupy most of of the sanctuary is one of the world's oldest lakes; and explain it with natural museum leading a fresh water creature to remain in from the Tertiary period when is full of very clear water, and the close species is seen only with a fossil and [36] that it is".

Footnote

Explanatory note

  1. The official notation of the ^ world heritage center is Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia - World Heritage Centre). But I do not go deeply because the issue of name of the country concerned is not the subject of this article.
  2. The world heritage treaty succession of the ^ Republic of Macedonia is April 30, 1997, but, in "world heritage annual report 1995 of the federation of association of Japanese UNESCO," has been already treated as a world heritage of the Republic of Macedonia ("world heritage annual report 1995" p.62).
  3. The federation of association of ^ Japan UNESCO became "オフリッド area - culture, history, natural environments" ("world heritage annual report 1995" p.62), "オフリッド area, culture, history, natural environments" ("world heritage annual report 1996" p.57). After "world heritage annual report 1997-98," the name that I listed in the article text continued being used to "world heritage annual report 2006" of the changing name last year.

Source

  1. ^ IUCN 1979, p. 2
  2. ^ Report of the 3rd Session of the Committee (world heritage center) (July 19, 2014 reading)
  3. ^ a b Report of the 4th Session of the Committee
  4. ^ a b Decisions Adopted at the 30th Session of the World Heritage Committee (Vilnius, 2006) / Without Annexes (WHC-06/30.COM/19), p.131 (En français p.136)
  5. ^ a b ICOMOS 2009, p. 1
  6. Federation of association of ^ Japan UNESCO supervision "world heritage annual report 1997-98" p.54
  7. ^ world heritage center 1997, p. 166
  8. For ^ a b c d "4 Austria, Eastern Europe Kinki Nippon Tourist taking a trip to the world heritage", 1,998 years, it is pp.172-173
  9. For federation of association of ^ Japan UNESCO supervision "world heritage annual report 2014" Asahi Shimbun publication, 2,013 years, it is p.50
  10. ^ a b c d e f g World heritage academy & world heritage official approval office 2009, pp. 116-117
  11. ^ a b c d Furuta & Furuta 2013, pp. 106-107
  12. ^ a b c Kodansha 2004, p. 174
  13. ^ a b c d e Kodansha 1997, p. 168
  14. ^ a b Tanaka 2005, p. 121
  15. ^ Tanaka 2005, p. I quote it from 121.
  16. ^ Kodansha 1997, p. I quote it from 170.
  17. ^ Kodansha 1997, p. 170
  18. ^ a b Kodansha 2004, p. 176
  19. ^ Kodansha 1997, pp. 170-171
  20. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Kodansha 1997, p. 172
  21. ^ Natural and Cultural Heritage of the Ohrid region - assistance (world heritage center) (July 19, 2014 reading)
  22. ^ a b c d How to walk earth editing room 2008, p. 401
  23. ^ a b c d e 1996, Masuda, p. 90
  24. ^ Kodansha 2004, p. 179
  25. ^ Kodansha 2004, p. 177
  26. ^ a b c d Tanaka 2005, p. 123
  27. ^ Kodansha 1997, pp. 170, 172
  28. ^ "off re-doh" "encyclopedia マイペディア electronic dictionary version" Hitachi Solutions, 2011
  29. ^ a b c d Kodansha 2002, p. 214
  30. ^ Tanaka 2005, p. 122
  31. For ^ "コンサイス foreign country place name encyclopedia" third edition, Sanseido, 1,998 years, it is p.163
  32. ^ a b UNEP-WCMC 2011, p. 2
  33. ^ UNEP-WCMC 2011, p. 1
  34. ^ UNEP-WCMC 2011, pp. 2-3
  35. ^ World Heritage Centre 2006, p. I quote it after translation than 1.
  36. ^ UNEP-WCMC 2011, p. I quote it on translation than 1.

References

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  Wiki media Commons has a category in conjunction with the Lake off re-doh.
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