Benthos

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A huge bivalve. A kind of the benthos.

The benthos (give it and hit energy) is the generic name of the creature inhabiting the quality of bottom in a creature inhabiting the area of the sea, and it is said with benthos (Benthos) [¹]. The one using the word this benthos is common in the ecology.

With the quality of bottom of this case from a rock and a sandy area, the mud flat equal to the bottom of the area of the sea including the creatures such as adherence creatures such as the bottom formed by artificial buildings such as the concrete and seaweed and the coral attaching there [¹]. Therefore, the benthos includes a thing finishing it in a rock, sand of the bottom, a thing living in the mud and coral or seaweed living a life there. In addition, the thing which crawls from a thing, the surface adhering to a thing, the surface wandering around the surface, and lives a life is included. The things living apart from those surfaces are classified in a necton or plankton, but there is the thing living a life without leaving the really surface too much (it is said with ネクトベントス, プランクトベントス), and they may be gathered up to a benthos. An end benthos is a thing creeping in in a substrate, and it is said with gap characteristics with a thing using the gap of hiding characteristics, the substrate particle with a thing to dig the hole by oneself, and to go into. Perforation characteristics are the thing which pierces a hard matrix, and sinks.

The word "benthos" is used as an equivalent of "benthos" in Japan, but a benthos is originally necton (Nekton), one of the classifications of the ecotype corresponding to plankton (Plankton) [¹].

Table of contents

Classification by the length

The benthos is classified by size to pass a sieve as follows [¹].

• Micro-benthos (Microbenthos) - <0.1mm
• メイオベントス (Meiobenthos) - 0.1 <0.5-1mm
• Macrobenthos (Macrobenthos) - 0.5-1mm <

Classification by the locomotiveness

The benthos is classified as follows by the locomotiveness [¹].

• Periphyton(Sessile benthos) - I attach to rocks.
• Mobile uncooked food (Mobile benthos) - There is locomotiveness.

Classification by the biotope

• Hard substrate bottom
  • Reef bottom, pebble, gravel
• Sediment bottom
  • It is grain sand, fine sand, sand mud among gravel, sea sand

Growth of the benthos in the growth environment with the toxic substance

It is qualitative that the minus number is correlative and is known with growth of the benthos and the toxic substances such as the heavy metal included in the quality of bottom, but data collection for quantitative grasp is performed.

Investigation into benthos method

It is common that the fixed-quantity investigation into benthos expresses as absolute density.

Quadrat method

A method to investigate for creatures with a little locomotiveness using a pyramid roof frame (quadrat).

The core sample method

A method to investigate the creature which became trapped in a quality of pipe-formed bottom sample by an acrylic pipe and a core sampler. It is used from a tide way of doing up an obi with dangling ends to the deep sea and is used for the capture of the creature living in the deep place that it is hard to dig with shovels.

Trawl net, basket network, ドレッジ

I am absolutely used when density is low when mobility is high.

Role of the benthos

As for the Bivalvia, lugworms play a role as the analyst by a quality of the water purification function. In addition, there are many things in the low rank of the food chain as bait of the fish.

References

1. For ^ ^{a b c d e} Keisuke Mori "benthos" "ecology dictionary" Yo Iwasa, Tadao Matsumoto, Kihachiro Kikuzawa, Ecological Society of Japan (editing), Kyoritsu publication, 2,003 years, it is 504-505 pages. ISBN 4320056027。

Allied item

• Quality of bottom
• Environmental standard of the quality of bottom

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