Marriage flight

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ネストスウォーミング of the Australian meat ant

I play the media

Finnish winged ant

The marriage flight (let's saw marriage) is a stage of the important reproduction in a kind of ants of most, isopteran, bees. During a flight, non-copulative Queen copulates with a male and makes a new colony after a landing and succeeds to the colony which there is already in the case of a bee.

Table of contents

I fly and pr it

 

Male of the friend of ツムギアリ preparing for for a marriage flight

In the colony of the mature ant, males are produced with non-copulative Queen whom the feather grew seasonally. The wind egg becomes male. The existence spirit egg becomes the sterile ergate which does not usually have feathers, but, as for the special fed thing, it is Queen at larval time.

The male stays in their pro-colony with young Queen until it becomes the condition suitable for a marriage flight. As for the rain, the marriage flight is carried out on a good day of the weather to have a devastating influence on the flight-related insect.

In many cases, I avoid an inbreeding by synchronizing by an environmental factor in the allogeneic different colony at the time of the marriage flight, and allowing a male and the Queen of the different nest to copulate. Because I get married at the same time, and the individual of a large number of colonies flies it, the synchronization of this flight time helps predator evasion.

during the flight

Generally, at first the males disperse with non-copulative Queen to secure outcross. The Queen utters pheromone next and induces a male. However, the Queen often escapes from a male and copulates only with the most suitable male fastest. The copulation is carried out during a flight.

One queen usually mates with several males. The sperm is stored in a special organ, known as a spermatheca, in the queen's abdomen, and lasts throughout her lifetime. This can be as long as 20 years, during which time the sperm can be used to fertilize tens of millions of eggs.

Flight post

 

The young Queen who begins to dig a new colony

The males have evolved for the single purpose of inseminating the queen. Male honey bees can't even feed themselves for the first few days of their lives^.[1] During "the quick and violent mating," the male literally explodes his internal genitalia into the genital chamber of the queen and quickly dies.^[1][2]

The young mated queens land and, in the case of ants, remove their wings. They then attempt to found a new colony. The details of this vary from species to species, but typically involve the excavation of the colony's first chamber and the subsequent laying of eggs. From this point the queen continuously lays eggs which hatch into larvae, exclusively destined to develop into worker ants^.[3] The queen usually nurses the first brood alone. After the first workers appear, the queen's role in the colony typically becomes one of exclusive (and generally continuous) egg-laying. For an example of a colony founding process, see Atta sexdens.

The young queens have an extremely high failure rate. During its lifetime a very large ant colony can send out millions of virgin queens. Assuming that the total number of ant colonies in the area remains constant, on average only one of these queens succeeds. The rest are destroyed by predators (most notably other ants), environmental hazards or failures in raising the first brood at various stages of the process. This strict selection ensures that the queen has to be both extremely fit and extremely lucky to pass on her genes to the next generation.

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  The Queen whom the feather grew.

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  The Queen who dropped a feather.

Variations

Not all ants follow the basic pattern described above. In the case of army ants, only a male has a feather. They fly out from their parent colony in search of other colonies where virgin queens wait for them. A colony with an old queen and one or more mated young queens then divides, each successful queen taking a share of the workers. The reason for this behavior is the fact that army ants do not have a physical nest. The queens are thus absolutely dependent on workers to protect them.

Another variation is found in species with multi-queen colonies, such as Solenopsis invicta. The males and virgin queens mate and the queens then often return to the parent colony, where they then remain. This process greatly increases the success rate of virgin queens and allows the creation of extremely large colonies or networks of cooperating colonies. The colony also becomes essentially immortal as it is no longer dependent on the continued health of a single queen. This allows Solenopsis invicta colonies to become entrenched in their surroundings, achieving a dominant position in the ecosystem. However, the price for this is inbreeding and the resulting loss of adaptability. This may result in sudden collapses in population when the environment changes or a new predator or parasite is introduced.

Flying ant day

"Flying ant day" is an informal term for the day on which queen ants emerge from the nest to begin their nuptial flight^.[4] In most species, the male ants also fly alongside them, although they are smaller and less noticeable. The queens fly around-some very long distances, and others going only a few meters-then mate, and drop to the ground where they lose their wings, and attempt to start a new ant colony [⁵] The mass of flying insects often attracts the attention of predators such as birds, and it is common to see flocks of feeding birds gorging on the readily available food.

This phenomenon occurs in many colonies simultaneously when the local weather conditions are appropriate, to reduce the effectiveness of predation and to ensure that the queens and males from different colonies stand a chance of meeting and interbreeding. It therefore has the appearance of being a 'timed' event or that the ants somehow communicate. However neither of these is likely to be the case - it is simply a common response to temperature, humidity and windspeed and time of year.^{[citation needed]}

It is The matches were the semi-final between Australia and England, and the ensuing final between Australia and New Zealand, both day-night 50 over games.^[7] In October 2009, a swarm of flying ants briefly disrupted play between innings at cricket matches during the ICC Champions trophy, in South Africa

Allied item

• Queen bee
• Queen ant

References

1. ^ ^{a b} May R. Berenbaum (1996) Bugs in the system: insects and their impact on human, p.67
2. ^ Edward O. Wilson (2000) [1]Sociobiology: The New Synthesis p.141
3. ^ "Can a queen lay eggs of certain types of ants at will? "
4. ^ "Flying ants plague London | Metro.co.uk". metro.co.uk. 2011.
5. ^ "Ants - Mating, Reproduction, And Life Span".
6. ^ Groundstaff try to clear another invasion of flying ants ESPN Cricinfo, 5 October 2009
7. ^ Flying ants seize control at Centurion Cricket Next, 2 October 2009

Outside link

• Information (English) of antbase.org ants
• Site (English) of On Flying Ants Colorado State University
• Ant Hill Wood - Winged Ants

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