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2016년 5월 1일 일요일

Engelbert Kaempfer

Engelbert Kaempfer

Figure of imagination of ケンペル

A doctor, the natural historian that rem go in northern Germany is from it as for Engelbert Kaempfer (by the Engelbert Kaempfer, modern German reading エンゲルベアト Kemp fur, from September 16, 1651 to November 2, 1716). I am known as a writer of "the day this magazine" which described Japan systematically for the first time in Europe.

Table of contents

Career

Departure

I am born as a son of the clergymen in the rem go of the existing Noll tiger in = ヴェストファーレン state. I grow up in German Thirty Years' War in the times when I went to ruin and have an experience of birth, an uncle having been sentenced to death in the district where witch hunting remained till late by a witch trial exceptionally. It is thought that these two experience led to mind of ケンペル for peace and the stable order later. After having learned in a Latin school of hometown and Hameln, I learn philosophy, the history, various ancient times and a language of the current master of a home more in Luneburg, Lubeck, Danzig. I wrote the first article about the political thought in Danzig. Furthermore, I continued studying in トルン, Krakow, Konigsberg.

I move to the academy of Uppsala, Sweden in 1681. Therefore I become an acquaintance of German natural historian ザムエル phone プーフェンドルフ and will accompany the mission which the Swedish King curl eleventh dispatches in the Safavid of Russia czar country (Grand Duchy of Muscovy) and Persia on his recommendation as the doctor and a secretary. The grand tour to go half round the earth of ケンペル begins here.

I leave Stockholm, and, on October 2, 1683, the mission arrives at Astrakhan via Moscow on November 7, the same year. I come to Silouane (current Azerbaidjan) and spend January crossing the Caspian Sea by ship there. ケンペル became the first European who recorded it by this experience about Baku and an oil field of the neighborhood. Furthermore, I continued going south and entered Persia and arrived at capital Esfahan on March 24 in the next year. ケンペル spends 20 months in Iran with a mission and I spread the information more and leave manners and customs of Persia and Ottoman Empire, the record about the administrative organization. He is one of the Europeans who recorded it about remains of Persepolis first again.

ケンペル which shows a Western dance in Edo-jo Castle. Than "day this magazine"

in Japan

A Netherlands fleet just entered van Dahl Abbas at that time. ケンペル catches the opportunity and makes up my mind to part from a mission, and to go over to India as a ship's doctor. I worked as a ship's doctor of the Netherlands East India Company in this way for approximately one year [1]. It went over to Batavia of the Netherlands territory East Indies with the base of the East India Company, and therefore it was going to open a doctor's office, but it was an available steamer to Japan where information was poor by national seclusion in those days afterwards that rotated without succeeding when I felt deadlock. ケンペル passes to Japan in this way via Siam (Thailand). I stayed in Dejima as a doctor belonging to (Genroku era three years), a Netherlands firm for approximately two years in 1690. I experienced 江戸参府 in succession for (Genroku era five years) in (Genroku era four years) and 1692 in 1691 and had an audience with general, Tsunayoshi Tokugawa. During stay in Japan, I collected documents with the cooperation of Dutch interpreter, the Hajime Imamura gate-guard office energetically.

Returning home post

In 1692, I left Japan and came back to Batavia and returned to Europe after an interval of 12 years in 1695. I learn in Netherlands Leiden University and gain excellent results and acquire a medical doctorate. I set up the residence in リーメ which was near the hometown and practiced medicine as a doctor. It was a grand tour and started the study of the enormous collections which I collected here, but the work as the court physician of the earl who had a house in デトモルト nearby did not readily progress busily. I married the woman who was 30 years old younger in 1700, but relation did not go well and increased his troubles.

In 1712, I finally managed to reach the publication of the book entitled "pilgrimage spectacle" (Amoenitates Exoticae). I declare ケンペル in the above sentence about this book saying "there is not one what I wrote for imagination and only wrote only new fact and that it was unknown so far". Most of these books were written about Persia, and the Japanese description was only a part. I worked on writing of "today's Japan" (Heutiges Japan) which was a draft of "the day this magazine" for writing and the same period of "the pilgrimage spectacle", but, on November 2, 1716, ケンペル died without seeing the publication. There is the gymnasium which honors him publicly in hometown rem go, and named the name.

"Day this magazine"

The details refer to "day this magazine"
"Day this magazine" A map of Edo placed に in. Johan refuse pal ショイヒツエル making.

Most of mementos of ケンペル were sold to Hans Sloane who was an earnest collector in the court physicians who served the British king (from Ann George II) of three generations by the bereaved. "Day this magazine" (The History of Japan) published in London by Sloane who let you translate posthumous works into English in 1727 was translated into French, Dutch. I found the draft which Enlightenment thinker Dome (English version) was written by nephew Johan Hellman in Germany and published a German version (Geschichte und Beschreibung von Japan) in 1777-79. It is a driving force, and authority and the thing that I did are predominant in a generation among intellectuals, and Goethe, Kant, Voltaire, the Montesquieu and others love reading almost all "day this magazine", and, as for "the day this magazine," the description of the Japanese association between a French version (Histoire naturelle, civile, et ecclestiastique de I'empire du Japon) having been published and Diderot item of "the encyclopedia" is connected in Japonisme in the 19th century in particular. It was taken as the discovery of "the living fossil" that the ginkgo that it was thought that I already became extinct grew in Japan and had a big influence on Philip Franz phone Siebold who crossed it in Japan being late for ケンペル about 140 years later scientifically. Siebold honors ancient people of this country publicly with the book.

ケンペル introduced that there were "two rulers" of the emperor (= Emperor) of the ministry and the secular emperor (= general) in Japan in a book. Because the article about foreign relations recorded as an appendix in the "day this magazine" of Japan affirmed a Japanese foreign policy at the time of the Tsunayoshi Tokugawa administration, after "day this magazine" publication, I will affect not only Europe but also Japan. In addition, Tadao Shizuki translated this appendix article as an original text by the Dutch second edition (De Beschryving Van Japan 1733) of "the day this magazine" in (1801) in the Kyowa era first year and looked for the words that were suitable for the sentence because it too had a long title and named "a chain public opinion". The word "national seclusion" in Japanese was born here.

In addition, "Siam kingdom" (A Description of The Kingdom of Siam) assumed 所収 by English translation of 1727 is described by the viewpoint that is unusually "non-Catholic fault France mark" for a record about Thailand at the same period, and it is in a valuable source of information about the Thai history [2].

As for the exonumia of ケンペル which Sloane purchased, most are possessed in the British Museum. On the other hand, I seized it and looked good with the enormous collection of books left in Germany and have been scattered and lost. But his memo and documents exist in デトモルト. The revision of the manuscript is carried out recently, and "the day this magazine" knows a considerable different thing by his posthumous works and English first edition. Wolfgang Michel (Wolfgang MICHEL) played a key role, and "today's Japan" (Heutiges Japan) for original criticism was announced for the first time in 2001 [3]. As for the opener and the ケンペル complete works which I did, this original criticism version was published all six volumes (seven).

The Japanese translation by Tadashi Imai assumes a dome version an original text and is considerably different from the draft of ケンペル in several places. Thus, as for the current ケンペル study, what is based on a lot of ケンペル historical materials who was possessed by the ケンペル complete works including the original criticism version and the Great Britain library is global; become standard.

Book, Japanese documents

  • Engelbert Kaempfer, Werke. Kritische Ausgabe in Einzelbänden. Herausgegeben von Detlef Haberland, Wolfgang Michel, Elisabeth Gössmann. München: Iudicium, 2001-2003. (original criticism version of the ケンペル document, seven books in total)

　(Vol. 1/1, 1/2) Heutiges Japan. Hrsg. von Wolfgang Michel und Barend J. Terwiel. (2001) ISBN 3-89129-931-1 (including a manuscript, the commentary of "the day this magazine")
　(Vol. 2) Briefe 1683–1715. Hrsg. von Detlef Haberland. (2001) ISBN 3-89129-932-X (letter)
　(Vol. 3) Zeichnungen japanischer Pflanzen. Hrsg. von Brigitte Hoppe, bearbeitet von Petra-Andrea Hinz, Ursula Holler, Brigitte Hoppe, Wolfgang Michel. (2003) ISBN 3-89129-933-8 (Japanese pictorial book of flora)
　(Vol. 4) Engelbert Kaempfer in Siam. Hrsg. von Barend Jan Terwiel. (2003) ISBN 3-89129-934-6 (Siam)
　(Vol. 5) Notitiae Malabaricae. Hrsg. von Albertine Gaur. (2003) ISBN 3-89129-935-4 (India)
　(Vol. 6) Russlandtagebuch 1683. Hrsg. von Michael Schippan. (2003) ISBN 3-89129-936-2 (Russian diary)





Kaempf. is used to show Engelbert Kaempfer when I show an author by the scientific name of the plant. (I search Author Details in /IPNI reading an author sketchy description.)

Footnote

  1. Philip Franz phone Siebold of the ^ same German was the same, too, but glossed over social position as "a mountain Dutchman" (Shangdong success "Japanese observers" Iwanami Shoten 2013 p.64).
  2. ^ Sioris, George A., Phaulkon - The Greek First Counsellor at the Court of Siam: An Appraisal, Bangkok: Siam Society under Royal Patronage, 1988, p.122 ISBN 978-974-8298-41-2
  3. ^ Heutiges Japan. Hrsg. von Wolfgang Michel und Barend J. Terwiel, 1/1, 1/2, München: Iudicium Verlag, 2001. (Textband und Kommentarband) (original criticism version of "today's Japan") ISBN 3-89129-931-1)

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2017년 2월 20일 월요일

Great Eastern Asia meeting

Great Eastern Asia meeting

Each chief of state brain (I take a ceremonial photograph in empire proceedings Domae) which participated in great Eastern Asia meeting. From the leftBa Maw、張景恵、汪兆銘、Hideki Tojiyo、One Y Thayaht corn、Jose Laurer、Suva Chandra Bose
Each chief of state brain and delegation (I take a ceremonial photograph in empire proceedings Domae) which participated in great Eastern Asia meeting. From the leftBurma、Manchurian country、The Republic of China、Japan、The Kingdom of Thailand、The Philippines、India
Chandra Bose who makes a speech
Collection of Ayu Daito National Assembly

A summit meeting of the Asia region where the great Eastern Asia meeting (だいとうあかいぎ, an old style: 大東亞會議) was held (1943) in Tokyo for from November 5 to November 6 in 1943. It was held based on large Eastern Asia political tactics instruction general rules decided by an Imperial conference [1] on May 31, the same year.

I invited independence and the government chief executive of done Asian countries by Japanese ally and Japan at the time having driven out a former colonial power and was performed. The great Eastern Asia joint declaration that should be called the general plan of the large Eastern Asia co-prosperity sphere was adopted there. Japan had a plan to hold the second great Eastern Asia meeting, but it became hard to hold it with aggravation of the war situation, and "an ambassador meeting" by a stationing in Japan ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary and representative stationing in Japan was held as a substitute (1945) in May in 1945 [2].

Table of contents

Summary

It was decided in spreading military administration in the south occupied territory administration enforcement point in November, 1941 for the time being on Japan expelling the armed forces of the American and European countries where I was under colonial rule for many years in the Kingdom of Thailand and the Republic of China, these ground except the Manchurian country which had already become the independent country, and acquiring south resources zone, but, as for the policy to reach the next independence, was not decided [3]. Therefore the plenary session was held for the smooth rule in occupation zones [3]. It was a policy as part of the confidence of the people grasp in the occupied territory, but, as for the holding of the meeting, it is said to Minister of Foreign Affairs Mamoru Shigemitsu that there was the independence design of each country which has been exploited for many years as a colony of American and European countries for peace and a postwar design for Prime Minister Tojo [4].

It is based on large Eastern Asia political tactics instruction general rules of May, 1943, and independent approval (August 1) by Japan of Burma, independence approval (October 14) of Philippines, setting (November 1) of large Eastern Asia province are performed prior to conferencing [3]. But these ground was described as "puppet government" until now from the allied powers which made colonial rule [5], and other Malaysia or Borneo were done in general rules with empire territory, and these independence was not made to become independent immediately. In addition, it does not lead to complete grasp of the confidence of the people of the countries in acknowledgement of independence, and Burma will go over to the U.K. of the former colonial power when it is for the others which the anti-Japanese movement guerrillas by the pro-American group which received help from the United States in the Philippines where a pro-American group particularly still remained come to dominate over [6], Great War last years.

It was the summit meeting which only colored races gathered in a hall in the meeting of Naoko first in the history of modern times, and was held. I invite the government chief executive of the Asian countries which achieved independence by Japan at the time and the ally having driven out former colonial powers such as the U.K. or the United States and am performed, and there is recollection [7] "that the meeting is pushed forward extremely peacefully because it was not a thing kept in the homage of the previous colony vs. the suzerain, and was like the meeting of the family group". In addition, there is the evaluation "that aimed at the great Eastern Asia joint declaration being opposed to Atlantic Charter that the U.K. and the United States proposed" [8].

However, a meeting was never performed for Prastabilierte Harmonie according to expectations of the host country of Japan, and representative Kingdom of Thailand one Y Thayaht corn performs the euphemistic criticism for correction suggestion to large Eastern Asia joint declaration plan having been refused in the speech, and President Philippines Jose Laurer speaks the dissatisfaction to Sukarno and others of representative Indonesia which was a colony of former Netherlands not having been able to participate in a meeting again [7]. In addition, there is the analysis that it was international conferences with some feeling of strain such as [7] that Thai prime minister, プレーク ピブーンソンクラーム fixes its eyes on the future rapprochement with allied powers and is absent from.

Participating nation

After Japanese ally or Japan drove out a former colonial power in large Eastern Asia meeting those days, each independent country participated. India participated as an observer among Naoko. The reason is because Japan made intention not to incorporate India in large Eastern Asia co-prosperity sphere clear [9].

In addition, it was decided to do Indonesia which was Malay Archipelago that was a colony of the U.K. and a colony of Netherlands in large Eastern Asia political tactics instruction general rules with empire territory although there was it under the occupation of the Japan forces at the time of a meeting and was not an object of the independence examination. Because French Indochina remained Japan and a colony of the French Vichy government in the friendly relationship, I do not participate equally. In addition, Germany and the Italian representative who were not located in Asia did not participate although it was an ally.

Held

The representative from each country and the person of attendance visited Japan in Haneda Airport from each place in the exclusive plane which Japanese Government prepared, and the government stayed in the exclusive lodgings in Tokyo which prepared. Imperial Hotel was in charge of the offers of the dish at each lodging. Mieko Takamine of the singer was invited to a dinner in actresses and sang songs at "a lakeside hotel".

The representative of each country was honored with an interview with the Emperor Showa in the Imperial Palace on November 4 of the day before conferencing. The meeting was started at 10:00 a.m. of November 5 in Imperial Diet assembly hall, and, as for the attendant of the Japanese side, secretary, Masakatsu Hamamoto of Tojiyo acted as principal interpretation.

Great Eastern Asia joint declaration

Great Eastern Asia joint declaration was adopted unanimously on November 6.

Each each in the first place world country ガ it ノ place ヲ profit mutual aid ケテ 萬邦共榮 ノ 樂 ヲ 偕 ニスルハ world peace establishment ノ origin essentials Nari. Person of 然 ルニ U.S. and Britain ハ own country ノ 繁榮 ノ 爲 ニハ other countries other races ヲ 抑壓 シ 特 ニ 大東亞 ニ 對 シテハ 飽 クナキ aggression exploitation ヲ line ヒ 大東亞隷屬化 ノ ambition ヲ 逞 cow 遂 ニハ 大東亞 ノ stability ヲ base twist cover サントセリ 大東亞戰爭 ノ 原因茲 ニ 存. All 大東亞各國 ハ aspect tie-up protagonist 大東亞戰爭 ヲ successful execution シ 大東亞 ヲ U.S. and British ノ bonds twist liberation protagonist it ノ 自存自衞 ヲ cow left ノ general plan ニ group キ 大東亞 ヲ construction シ 以 テ world peace ノ establishment ニ 寄與 センコトヲ period.

  • 大東亞各國 ハ cooperation protagonist 大東亞 ノ ヲ security シ morals ニ group ク 共存共榮 ノ order ヲ construction becoming stable
  • 大東亞各國 ハ aspect each other ニ 自主獨立 ヲ respect シ 互助敦睦 ノ 實 ヲ 擧 ゲ 大東亞 ノ affinity ヲ establishment
  • Each 大東亞各國 ハ aspect each other ニ it ノ 傳統 ヲ respect シ racial ノ originality ヲ 伸暢 シ 大東亞 ノ culture ヲ 昂揚
  • 大東亞各國 ハ 互惠 ノ bottom close ニ tie-up シ it ノ 經濟發展 ヲ 圖 re-大東亞 ノ 繁榮 ヲ increases
  • 大東亞各國 ハ 萬邦 トノ friendly relations ヲ 篤 cow racial discrimination ヲ 撤廢 シ 普 ク culture ヲ interchange シ 進 ンデ resources ヲ opening シ 以 テ world ノ progress ニ 貢獻

Footnote

  1. ^ Tetsuzo Fuwa 2001, p. 22.
  2. ^ "Japanese diplomatic note" special feature "Pacific War" Ministry of Foreign Affairs
  3. From ^ a b c "mutual prosperity of the Eastern Asia" to liberation of Asia, it is ,P168-171 in truth (history group Pacific history of a war series Vol. 60), Gakken, 2007 of Masahiro Yamazaki, mainland decisive battle - army and navy, preparations to thorough resistance and "the Japanese defeat"
  4. ^ Mamoru Shigemitsu and great Eastern Asia joint declaration - wartime diplomacy and postwar design -, Sumio Hatano, international politics 109 ,P38-53, foundation Japan international politics society, 1995
  5. ^ Takemaro Mori 1992, pp. 250-251.
  6. ^ aggression or liberation! The world faced "the Pacific War" how; or, in Masahiro Yamazaki, Gakken marketing, 2012, is ISBN 9784054054172
  7. It is PHP Institute Office 〈 PHP new book 〉, March 15, 2004 for ^ a b c Yusuke Fukada "true - - liberation and independence of the great Eastern Asia meeting of Asia". ISBN 4-569-63495-8。 - 増訂版 of "century (annual Bungeishunju Ltd., 1991) of the dawn."
  8. ^ Yoshinori Kobayashi "new ゴーマニズム declaration SPECIAL War theory 2" illusion winter building, October 1, 2001. ISBN 9784344001312。 p213.
  9. "Great Eastern Asia meeting and the leading role stand ^ in a century of the dawn"; in written by Yusuke Fukada Bungeishunju Ltd. 1991 [page number required]

References

  • Tetsuzo Fuwa (2001), it is Shinnihon publishing company with the core of the "history textbook" problem here 
  • Takemaro Mori (1992), Asia, Pacific War (the Japanese history), Shueisha 

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2016년 11월 17일 목요일

Overseas Chinese

Overseas Chinese

Chinatown (New York City, Brooklyn ward)
Wedding ceremony (East Timor) of the Hakka who is one branch of the Han race
Overseas Chinese Museum (Amoy City)

According to the definition of the Chinese Communist Party government of the People's Republic of China, the overseas Chinese (today) is a name to point to "the Han race who has Chinese nationality while emigrating to a nation, the area except Mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macao". I may be used for the Chinese immigrant of the foreign family register acquisitor [1]. (Republic of China (Taiwan) in rivalry with the country is included in saying "China" of the Chinese Communist Party government as "an area" of the country)

I often express "people inheriting culture and business derived from China with the origin of the Chinese food system" with "overseas Chinese" widely commonly in Japan, but am divided closely (later description). In addition, there is "an Indian overseas" for the Indian name of similar circumstances.

Table of contents

Overseas Chinese and Chinese immigrant

I may be confused with a Chinese immigrant, but, with overseas Chinese, the Chinese immigrant is a different concept. When I distinguish these concepts, the overseas Chinese refers to a person keeping the People's Republic of China family register by states such as the dual nationality. [the source required] the overseas Chinese was an important element of the international trade balance of the Republic of China by the remittances from the economic infrastructure to the own country until World War II.

A person having nationality of the People's Republic of China or the Republic of China (Taiwan) is "overseas Chinese", and, in Japan, the thing which acquired Japanese nationality is considered to be "a Chinese immigrant". [The source required]

I refer to "a Chinese residing in Japan" and "a Chinese immigrant"

The formation of the community and advance to the local society

In spite of being minority, the group of the person in the same profession made from community and this formed of a person from same town is completed, and the overseas Chinese often has big influence for local economy, politics. The manager who it leads that the group of people in the same profession is completed, and began business employs a person of the same town, and it depends on what is easy to be repeated to perform the same profession independently before long. Even a political aspect comes to have power when they acquire ability economically, and the Thai Royal Family, Thaksin ex-Prime Minister and the in rack ex-Prime Minister of the younger sister, President origin of Corazon Aquino Philippines, Myanmarese Former Prime Minister Ne Win, the theine Sane ex-President inherit a trait or talent from the overseas Chinese as an example on the politics side.

Instead of not trusting a partner easily, the overseas Chinese is said to trust it thoroughly if I trust it once, and it becomes the background of their solidarity power. They take good care of a friend [2].

Language

Same people help each other, and the hometown where Chinese has a big difference of the dialect, and it is natural for words not to go in the same ministry either, and the dialect knows often forms community.

By the hometown distinction,

Cantonese I am from around Guangdong Guangzhou and speak Cantonese
Person from Taishan / 四邑人 I am from Taishan and Jiangmen and speak Taishan word
Person from tide state I speak a language of State of tide in a tide state and a native place around Shantou
Hakka person I am from around plum state and Lufeng, around Haifeng and speak Hakka
Person from Hainan I am from existing Hainan
Person from Fujian I speak Fukienese in Xiamen in southern Fujian, around Quanzhou and a Taiwanese native place
Person from Fuzhou I am from Fuzhou, around Fuqing and speak a language of Fuzhou
Person from Xinghua 莆 I am from around field and speak Xinghua word
Person from Ningbo I am from around Zhejiang Ningbo and speak a language of Ningbo
Person from Wenzhou I am from around Wenzhou and speak a language of Wenzhou

などが formed the community of the home boy separately. It is common to use the language of the overseas residential area, but, other than a dialect of the hometown, Pekingese and English come to be used in addition to these widely recently, too.

Distribution

Southeast Asia、North America、Japan、The U.K.、AustraliaThere is much などに.

Overseas Chinese of Japan

History

Much overseas Chinese goes over to Japan historically if I take a concept of the overseas Chinese widely. They became a captive by the Mongolian Invasions, but the forgiven south Soong person and others lived in Tojimmachi of Hakata from the Japanese side. In addition, there was the thing which the Chinese of the latter term Japanese pirates which performed an illegal import under the embargo in light 清, and made a fortune crossed in person from Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong a lot of (I can interpret the latter term Japanese pirates as the run of the overseas Chinese) like most of the overseas Chinese in King direct のように Japan.

"Day Soong trade," "Japanese pirates" and "embargo" are referred to

The foreigner's residence which was a Chinese house district was made in Nagasaki by a policy of seclusion of the Edo era. In 1635, the Edo Shogunate took measures to confine the arrival in port of the Chinese merchant ship to the Nagasaki one Port, but mixed residence in Nagasaki-shi was permitted the Chinese. However, because illegal imports increased, the Chinese residence district would limit it in the Nagasaki city magistrate's office and started the construction of the foreigner's residence in land of Oyaku-en Garden which the Shogunate owned in the great virtue temple town in the suburbs of Nagasaki in 1688 and was completed in the next year. The area had the seating capacity of in approximately 9,400 tsubos and around 2,000 people. The people were surrounded in a wall and a moat, and a guard station was established on the side of Daimon, and comings and goings were watched, but comings and goings were permitted the Chinese in comparison with a Dutchman of Dejima having been watched severely relatively freely.

I refer to the following related stories.

Present

"A Chinese residing in Japan" and "the Taiwanese residing in Japan refer, too"
 
Actress Ran Otori
 
Renho who is a member of the House of Councilors of the overseas Chinese of the day level half

Much overseas Chinese exists in Japan, and activity is seen mainly now in the area of economy and the culture entertainment. Ran Otori of the actress, Sadaharu Ou of the baseball, Eikan Kyuu of the economic analyst, Momofuku Ando (Kure 100 fortune, postwar 1:00 period) who is the inventor of instant noodles, Seigen Go (postwar 1:00 period), Shunshin Chin of the novelist of the Go, Futoku Shuu, 富輝兄弟 of the dishs, Judy Ongg (an old man carefully a ball), Agnes H. Chan (Chen beauty age), Deng Lijun (鄧麗君) of the singer are famous.

A Chinese school exists in others, Yokohama, Kobe, Tokyo, Osaka where a Chinatown is formed to Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki (Chinatown of Chinatown # Japan). There are others, Kobe overseas Chinese history Museum and 横浜華僑青年会龍獅團, the Japanese overseas Chinese Chinese immigrant society, too.

The Chinese who emigrated to Japan from the change of a Japanese foreign policy and political circumstances of China increased rapidly from the late 1970s, and they increased than 4 times in 20 years. I always call the Chinese who emigrated to Japan after reform and opening up old overseas Chinese the new overseas Chinese in a Chinese and the descendants living in Japan for a long time. Native place area and difference in sense of values cause the friction in both, too.

Overseas Chinese of Southeast Asia

History

I promulgate an embargo plan and took the virtual marine use limit policy by the people, but it is said to Chinese Akiyo that an emigrant to Southeast Asia each place was full of the height of prosperity so as to remain for light の immigrant ship and the record from confusion at the end of change and Akiyo of the Asia region by the arrival in the Age of Geographical Discovery.

Friction with overseas Chinese and the field inhabitants who flowed from the confusion period one after another in Java (existing Indonesia) under the Netherlands rule that took a friendship policy as a Chinese immigrant emigrant (1740) during October for Takashi Inui five years at a light end, and increased and the government occurred, and a riot by the overseas Chinese occurred, and there was a symbolic case such as the overseas Chinese slaughter for disturbance suppressions leaving a grudge between outbreak, Government General of Netherlands under the friendship policy.

I watched the overseas Chinese riots of light は foreign countries calmly, but when it was the times of 清, I punished you to foreign countries overseas Chinese severely for reasons of the commerce top saying "I sentence you to a crime, the artifact of a severed head which the thing which I made the people, and there was abroad knew a theft, and knew an enemy", and a shift, a number of the overseas Chinese to thereby make a voyage to decreased in a virtual emigrant suppression policy.

As for the middle Chinese immigrant fleeing into 清末 of the early 20th century when the political situation became unstable abroad around increase, French possession Indochina mainly British India and British; such as Murray, the Philippines to possess engaged in agriculture, fishery, trade, a building mainly in a colony area. Above all, the overseas Chinese in French possession Indochina supports Kuomintang, and it is said that there became the political influence.

Same town awareness was strong and often lived in the constant area in a group in the emigration, and rice, wood, coal, junk production, a beast bone, correction of literary works engaged in the export of farm products mainly in the area, and, as for the middle Chinese immigrant whom I emigrated to from Fujian, the Chinese immigrant built the mutual cooperation by the native place area in the commerce in the management such as farm products processing factories, Guangdong native place in Vietnamese west Mitsugu and チョロン district.

Present

 
Chinese style temple, dragon lotus temple
(Thailand Bangkok)

In Southeast Asia, it is said that there are many sinter south district native places in overseas Chinese from historic process like a Japanese Chinatown. Originally there are many people from Guangdong and Fujian including Hainan Island (existing Hainan), but the people from around Shanghai and Beijing and Republic of China (Taiwan) increase recently, too.

The overseas Chinese population of Southeast Asia increases, but, in Vietnam and Indonesian two countries, overseas Chinese decreases by the friction with war and local people generally in comparison with 1:00. The overseas Chinese of 1,100,000 got away from Vietnam in particular after Sino-Vietnam War of 1975 by a case outside Viet Nam in Indonesia on 30th in September, 1965. However, the overseas Chinese population of Vietnam counts 10 million now in 1,300,000 people, Indonesia, and it is in the influential ethnic group which still occupies the good portion of the country population.

There are a lot of inhabitants of overseas Chinese line in Malaysia.

The details refer to "# multiracial nation, constitution in Malaysia of a race"

There is the overseas Chinese in Thailand.

The details refer to "a Thai Chinese immigrant"

Allied item

Footnote

[Help]
  1. ^ Senkaku Islands are Japanese territory and remark = Hong Kong media Representative overseas Chinese Searchina 2010/09/15
  2. ^ Naoki Ota "being water and the oil that a Japanese and a Chinese are why" or KK bestsellers 2011

References

  • A face still strong;, "outlook on five misunderstanding - Japanese social Chinese immigrant," is "weekly publication Orient economy" 5282nd, May, 1995
  • The Keiko Wakabayashi "whereabouts of the Chinese population superpower" (in Iwanami Shoten, June, 1994 ISBN 4-00-430341-9)
  • A Hiroaki Kani, Yoshinobu Shiha, Chukun Yuu edition "overseas Chinese, Chinese immigrant encyclopedia" (in Hirofumi temple, June, 2002 ISBN 4-335-55080-4)

Outside link

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