검색어 Axis에 대한 글을 관련성을 기준으로 정렬하여 표시합니다. 날짜순 정렬 모든 글 표시
검색어 Axis에 대한 글을 관련성을 기준으로 정렬하여 표시합니다. 날짜순 정렬 모든 글 표시

2017년 3월 1일 수요일

Power takeoff

Power takeoff

PTO axis of the bean tractor
The PTO axis is placed in the central lower part sandwiched between the tires of right and left

The power take off (British: Power take-off) is mechanism to pick up engine power for the vehicle drive for the drive of the work machine. I am called power takeoff or merely PTO. There is a thing not to be proportional to that I am employed by a farm tractor, a tractor, a dump truck for the farming, the pump Carr such as the fire engine and am proportional to engine number of revolutions depending on a use. But I do not call the thing of the belt drive PTO like a compressor and an alternator for the air conditioning.

Table of contents

Risk

 
The PTO shaft which was covered to a protective cover made of yellow resin

The PTO shaft (universal joint) connected to PTO axis and it is a danger factor to be common to the agriculture beginning and the industry doing it. According to the American safe council (NSC), it was the cause that 6% affected PTO among the dead people with the tractor in the United States in 1997. When even the just small one flake of clothes contacts a reel, I am easily rolled up. It leads to the cutting of a hand and the foot or a fatal accident by clothes being rolled up.

On April 13, 2009, mark フィドリッチ of former major leaguer died by an accident by PTO during work at a home farm. When a friend discovered him, he works under a large dump truck, and a lawyer starts a statement saying "clothes were rolled up in the PTO shaft of the truck operating as for him.".

Some work machine comprises a protective cover made of resin to prevent that a worker is rolled up in PTO shaft, but there is a point to warn when I attach PTO shaft to a tractor and a truck. This is because it is illegal in some countries to use in a state without the protective cover of the shaft. The protective cover covers up the whole PTO shaft through a bearing or a sleeve and prevents the accident that I am fixed, and a worker is rolled up in PTO shaft by a chain.

History

The experimental power takeoff device had been already tried in 1878, but International Harvester Company (following, IHC) produced a tractor equipped with first PTO in 1918. An option set the equipment for PTO on a company's tractor from 15 to 30HP, and, in 1920, IHC became the tractor equipped with first PTO sent to the Nebraska tractor experiment station (Nebraska Tractor Test Laboratory).

The first PTO standard norm was adopted in April, 1927 by agriculture industry society (ASAE) in America. The number of revolutions of PTO was appointed as 536 ± 10rpm, and it was provided that the rotatory direction was clockwise (seeing from the tractor rear), and the number of revolutions was changed to 540rpm later.

In 1945, Cockshutt Farm Equipment company of Canadian Ontario Brandt Ford announced Cockshutt Model 30 equipped with live PTO. Live PTO was able to control a turn of PTO with the run of the tractor independently. As for this, there was the advantage that I ran at low speed and stopped, and there was even when driving a work machine by PTO. By modern tractor, live PTO is controlled by a push button switch and a changeover switch and raises safety by keeping away a worker from PTO shaft.

Technical standardization

In PTO of the bean tractor, dimensions and number of revolutions are standardized. The ISO standard of PTO was established in ISO 500 and was divided into ISO 500-1 (general specifications, safe requirements, dimensions of the protective cover), ISO 500-2 (dimensions of the protective cover by small tractor), three of ISO 500-3 (main PTO dimensions and dimensions of the spline, position relations of the PTO axis) by revision of 2004.

The basic PTO axis is used in 540rpm (rpm). The PTO axis used in 540 rounds has six splines, and the axial diameter is 1⅜ inch. In addition, there are two kinds of PTO axles to use in 1,000 rounds to drive an apparatus of the high load more. It is the PTO axis of the 1⅜ inch to have the big PTO axle of the diameter 1¾ inch having 20 splines and 21 splines. Judging from the tractor side, each these three kinds of PTO axes turns counterclockwise.

As for the early work machine such as Land Rover of 1948, there was the thing which adopted ten splines, but an adapter to convert into six general splines was provided.

In the agricultural machine maker, the index to express the horsepower of the tractor as custom displays the output to be able to take out of the PTO axis.

Equipment example

Tractor for a farm tractor, the farming

I turn a rotary by the power of the engine. However, the rotary is not necessary when I use a farm tractor as a chiller. Therefore the power transmission to the rotary is carried out through the axis called the PTO axis and becomes removable. In addition, there is a clutch to stop the operation of the work machine connected with in the PTO axis.

Car

I make an output axis for a transmission or transfer and I drive a direct device and use it for the drive of the hydraulic pump.

While it stops, I use it

I put a transmission or a gear of the transfer in neutral (or a parking) and become the structure that I operate the PTO switch in the compartment or PTO lever, and power is transmitted to to PTO apparatus. The dump trucks are available for the some runs by the situation of the discharge spot, too, but when I do not use PTO, I compare it, and the power performance decreases.

I use it regardless of the stop average during the run
Because an operation state does not depend on the driving condition when it is equipped with the small engine (subengine) for exclusive use of the freezing, the refrigeration device, the ability for cooling is high, but weight increases, and the greatest load capacity decreases, and there is the difficult point that the noise is big again. Therefore, security and lightweighting, the low noise of the load capacity may adopt PTO for the power of the compressor of the freezing, the refrigeration device for the purpose of becoming it.
Because concrete and water separate in a drum when the soft concrete stops stirring, and quality declines, PTO which can always turn during engine operation is used.

Special thing

Two fire engines
A pump motor scooter for the firefighting using the motor scooter of 250cc cubic centimeter displacement was produced experimentally for a strange vehicle with PTO and was adopted in 2004. It runs by itself in the spot and drives a pump after arrival by PTO.
Parallel hybrid
I link motor / generator performing an engine assist and energy absorption by hybrid car of Isuzu, the elf in PTO.
Mast car (airship mooring car)

Allied item

  • In a Suzuki Jimny - old model type, there was a vehicle having a power takeoff system in the carrier
  • PTO generator, grade to be equipped with PTO winch or a setting option existed until Daihatsu high Z, Daihatsu Atrai - 1982 through 2000.
  • Coupling

Outside link

  Wiki media Commons has a category in conjunction with the power takeoff.
It is acquired by "https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title= power takeoff &oldid=52626931"

This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia Power takeoff

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2017년 1월 13일 금요일

7 emission 3 circular axle

7 emission 3 circular axle

A city planning road, the highway which Osaka maintained 7 emission 3 circular axle (7 ほうしゃ 3 かんじょうじく) and planned.

Table of contents

Summary

(1926), Osaka submitted Osaka city planning business based on the Town Planning and Zoning Act (old law) to the cabinet, and they got permission in 1926. It begins in ten size emission plan of a policy line having been included in this. I received Osaka-shi second city limits expansion of the last year and Osaka-shi should become driven by business or was argued as part of the Osaka-shi first city planning business which began for five years, but Osaka enforced a plan after all.

When it is (1960) in 1960, Osaka decides a ten size emission three belt line plan (with the ten size emission three belt line maintenance plan). The radical road supplemented a prewar ten size emission route partially on an inheritance, extension or a bypass road, and the route to the Minamikawachi area that there was not was added before the war. Furthermore, the maintenance of the beltway was included to scatter concentration of the traffic to the downtown area in the postwar rapid economic growth period.

"Osaka road maintenance long term project" (rainbow plan 21) for the ten size emission three belt line plan was established in (1987) in 1987, and 7 emission 3 cyclic axial maintenance was included there.

Plan road

Ten size emission route

Ten size emission three belt line

Ten size radical road
Tricyclic road

7 emission 3 cyclic axis

Emission axis
Circular axle

Allied item

Outside link

It is acquired by "https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=7 emission 3 circular axis &oldid=57305835"

This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia 7 emission 3 circular axle

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2018년 2월 27일 화요일

Semilog graph

Semilog graph

Example of semilog graph y = 10 x {\ displaystyle y = 10 ^ {x}}! [{\ \ displaystyle y = 10 ^ {x}}] (https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c203d0d9c7d43534b9747f07be8c31ae4c9ada34) (red line) is in a straight line, the logarithmic scale on the y axis Notice how to take the numerical value of

Semi logarithmic graph(Katasumusu gurufu, semilog graph) Is a graph in which one axis of a is a graduation (the vertical is often a logarithmic scale). Extremely wide range of data can be handled. The axis of the ordinary scale is made to the narrow range data, and the axis of the logarithmic scale is made for extremely wide range data.

table of contents

Exponential

y = a b x + c {\ displaystyle y = a ^ {bx + c}}! [{\ \ displaystyle y = a ^ {bx + c}}] (https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fa04cf6938a859a408029a22275f49b505318fe8) (A {\ displaystyle a} ! [a] (https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ffd2487510aa438433a2579450ab2b3d557e5edc) Is a positive constant, b, c {\ displaystyle b, c}! [{\ \ Displaystyle b, c}] (https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/13a3dedbae67e261b39c755dc355b1407b3b19db) Is a constant), we take log a y = b x log a a + c log a {\ displaystyle \ log y = bx \ log a \ + c \ log a}! [{\ \ displaystyle \ log y = bx \ log a \ + c \ log a}] (https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/eaa3bf7f329f9f03680ffea9271c8a757dbc3dd6) . Therefore, if the horizontal axis is normal scale and the vertical axis is logarithmic scale, the graph (inclination b log a {\ displaystyle b \ log a} ! [{\ \ displaystyle b \ log a}] (https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a50b20b9784e3620118665f5f88039fd93489fa8) , y-intercept c log a a {\ displaystyle c \ log a}! [{\ \ displaystyle c \ log a}] (https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/83f214fe15d92ede04c18a302c215ee3450f79a8) Of).

Application example

Similarly, it is effective to determine the value of the multiplier. Then is required.

References

1. *David Carr Baird, Yukihiro Kato, Michiyuki Chikawa, Yasushi Kondo "Introduction to Experimental Law" Pearson Education (December 2004) 2. Department of Physics Department of Physics Department Part 2 "Physics Experiment Introduction" Uchida Old cranes (April 2008) 3. *Natural Science Comprehensive Experiment 4. Basic science experiment A

Related item

*

Acquired from ""

Post Date : 2018-02-27 07:00

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2017년 1월 1일 일요일

Worldly wisdom Hara Station

Worldly wisdom Hara Station

Worldly wisdom Hara Station
せちばる
Sechibaru
The location NagasakiSasebo-shiSechibaruchoChestnut meeting
Position company Japanese National Railways
Position route Worldly wisdom polar axis
Distance in kilometers 6.7km (the Hizen Yoshii starting point)
Telegram cable address Seti
Station structure Station above the ground
Home One 1 line
The opening of business date It is October 24 (1933) for 1,933 years
The abolition date It is December 26 (1971) for 1,971 years
Remarks Data just before the abolition
I display a template

Worldly wisdom Hara Station (せちばるえき) was ever the terminal of the line where Kurimukaemen, Sechibarucho, Kitamatsuura-gun, Nagasaki (existing Sechibaruchokurimukae, Sasebo-shi) was the station of the Japanese National Railways (Japanese National Railways) worldly wisdom polar axis which I looked good with (deserted station).

Table of contents

Summary

When Sasebo railroad (later worldly wisdom polar axis) let you practice medicine (1933) between our Saza - Hizen Yoshii - stations on October 24 in 1933, it was installed.

I have shown turnout as a departure and arrival place of the coal train, but the departure and arrival of the freight train disappears by the drying up of the coal mine in (1962) in 1962. It appeared in a deficit 83 flight designated list of (1968) in 1968, and the worldly wisdom polar axis was abolished (1971) with mortar ノ 浦線 on December 26 in 1971, and our station was abolished, too.

History

Station structure

A diesel train (rail bus) of キハ 01 origin made a round trip 9.5 a day in the late 1960s (one descent forwards it) and arrived and departed, and it was only by there being one simple system home at the time of the abolition.

Present situation

A part of the station trace becomes the park, and the monument which treated the driving wheel of the steam locomotive is put now.

The next station

Japanese National Railways
Worldly wisdom polar axis
Celebration bridge Station - worldly wisdom Hara Station

Footnote

[Help]
  1. Lord of ^ Japanese National Railways bulletin S45.10.1 425

Allied item

It is acquired by "https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title= worldly wisdom Hara Station &oldid=48355597"

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2017년 3월 23일 목요일

Bril

Bril

Vagueness evasion In this item, I explain an American railroad, bus vehicle maker. Please see "Bril" (submarine) about the submarine of U.S. Navy.
Brill mark of the journal box lid
Brill-21E form cart of the Yokohama streetcar preservation building

Bril (J.G. Brill and Company) is a railroad carriage, the bus vehicle maker which there was ever in the United States of America.

It produced a vehicle, carts for streetcar, inter-Urban and put the head office, the factory in Pennsylvania Philadelphia mainly.

Table of contents

History

In 1868, it is founded as a passenger car maker for the horse tramway by Jon George Bril (John George Brill). I purchased several railroad carriage makers in the 1900s and extended a business scale and grew up in the company the America's biggest for a streetcar vehicle and a train maker for inter-Urban. I found a factory in Paris in 1912 and step forward to the U.S. foreign territory.

The capital spending is necessary, but be superior to a technique of the die forging suitable for a mass production, and a change of the wheelbase including the "27MCB" series which continued being done keeps the characteristic of the die forging product to be easy alive, and a celebration meets a demand of the customer because of a bestseller in history record-breaking for ニ axis single cart and superior ride comfort as "21E" where it is, and a dead copy was born all over the world and high speed train (general railroad) business for a long time and is known by having supplied the affiliation cart of various dimensions, specifications to the world in large quantities. In addition, on the other hand, it develops the ニ step spring constant-type bolster spring mechanism that enabled the coexistence of the element to disagree with called increase of the load to call itself mechanism equivalent to current ボルスタアンカー called the trunnion and グラディエート spring-resistant and the improvement of the ride comfort and the wobble prevention mechanism of the shaking pillow carrying an opponent out of the ring link which calls itself a ball hanger, and it is known to performance and improvement of the ride comfort even to have been eager.

I was purchased in 1926 by American car fund Lee (en:American Car and Foundry Company), but continued producing a railroad carriage, buses in the name of J.G. Bril sequentially. However, because the demand for railroad carriage decreased, the number of the production decreased, and the factory of each place was closed sequentially after the 1930s by progress of the motorization, too. Production released streamlined streetcar vehicle "Bril liner" (Brilliner) similar to the PCC car delivered to each place in the United States in those days in the same age middle originally, but the order finished the production of a railroad carriage, the streetcar vehicle in comparison with a PCC car in 1941 without showing it and discontinued my business in 1944.

New company "American car fund Lee = Bril" (American Car and Foundry Company-Brill, ACF-Brill) was established after a business closing immediately and continued producing buses, but a factory of Philadelphia was closed in 1954, and the company became extinct.

The vehicle which produced by a business closing from the establishment of a business of approximately 45,000 (including the bus).

Chronological table

Main product

Railroad carriage
  • The streetcar vehicle which is available for a change of the Bril convertible car (Brill Convertible Car) - sealing up form, opening form
  • Bril cicada convertible car (Brill Semi-Convertible Car)
  • Bril Highway conjunction car (Brill High-speed Articulated Cars) - conjunction car
  • Vehicle of the bullet shape using the Bril Brett (Brill Bullet) - curved surface glass
  • Streetcar vehicle of the Bril liner (Brilliner) - streamline
Bus
  • C-36 - public route bus use
  • Bus use between IC-41 - cities
  • Twin coach (Twin Coach)

Export to Japan

From the early 1900s through about 1930, I perform much export to Japan. The example which I exported to Japan as a finished product of the railroad carriages is only Kyushu railroad Bril passenger car (a popular name "a certain train"), but, as for the cart, "76E" "77E" for the streetcar bogie delivers "27MCB" for the electric railroad vehicle to a private railroad of each place of the whole country and the government streetcar company "21E" for the streetcar motorcycle. The train at the time of the opening of business of the Kyoto electric railroad which was a train for the first Japanese business used cart (21B) made of Bril mainly.

There is a used thing in the cart made of Bril delivered for Japan now (2016) in 2016.

Railroad carriage

Delivery only for carts

I write down the main form using the cart made of Bril below. Other than a license product by Japan Steel Works tied up in Japan, it was produced the copy article of the product made in Bril cart by the maker companies in Japan including Sumitomo Metal Industries and Nippon Sharyo, Ltd. without permission a lot, and, in 76E, 77E for the streetcar, the production of the copy article continued in a thing until the Pacific War.

21E

ニ axis single cart。 (photograph) [1]

22E

Make the ニ axis bogey cart that is the first among Bril Corporation; and the first maximum traction cart. It is kind of the bolus Thales cart which does not have a heart plate. (photograph) [2]

  • Kyoto Tsu Electric orbit 1 form train
  • Osaka streetcar 501 form train

27G

An axis spring type 2 axis bogey cart belonging to the balance spring which locates a stack leaf spring parallel to a track, and supports a pillow beam and the heart plate which did it. I possessed a cart limit made of cast steel, and only 27G-1 for Hanshin Electric Railway was imported into Japan.

27G-1
  • Hanshin Electric Railway 1 form train

27GE

An axis spring type 2 axis bogey cart of the normal structure having a heart plate. In an improved model of 27G, I changed the cart frame to forging.

27GE-1 (photograph) [3]

27E

The twin bogey cart which was designed for high-speed trains as a higher model of 27GE. I abolished a balance spring of 27G/27GE origin and hung a beam arranged parallel to a track from a cart frame, and it was structure to pick up a bolster spring on this top, and to support a lower shaking pillow.

27E-1
27E-1 1/2
  • South seas iron HEPCO 2 form train
27E-2

27MCB

 
Bril 27MCB-2 cart (for former Ina electric railroad デ 203) which Ueda Kotsu ED25 1 attaches.
There is remodeling with the electric locomotive conversion in later years to some extent, but a trunnion and the ball hanger mechanism that are the proof of the Bril Corporation pure article are left.

A balance beam type cart for the high-speed train designed according to a standard of Master Car-Builders Association. The model number MCB shows this, and the number of the suffix expresses the big things and small things of the wheel and axle dimensions in the ARA standard and comes to support large load so that a number is big. In addition, X referred to the end shows that even the model of the same number usually attaches large wheel and axles for load than the thing of the standard. In addition, each model of import or 1, 2, 2X, 4X produced under license was used in Japan.

27MCB-2
27MCB-4X
  • Existence only for train use high-speed with a license product of new Keihan railroad P-6 form train - Japan Steel Works. Because I remodeled it into the brakes of both alettes type later, it was the specific appearance that jumped out outside brakes てこが cart frame.

39E

A maximum traction cart version of 27GE.

  • Osaka streetcar 601 form train
39E-2

76E

The twin bogey cart for the low floor car. With 77E and sisters model, a model number was sorted with difference in 主電動機装架位置. 76E was supplied for the route where short wheelbase was pursued in with the structure that 装架 made the main motor outside of two axles. (photograph) [4]

76E-1

77E

The twin bogey cart for the low floor car equal to the sisters model of 76E. It became the structure that 装架 made the main motor between two wheels and was adopted in a large-scale streetcar and some high speed trains.

77E-1

79E

The twin single cart for the low floor car. It became the structure that could set up air braking easily.

  • Yokohama streetcar 500 form train
  • Osaka streetcar 701 form train

Footnote

  1. ^ 21E "train machine appliance illustration" (National Diet Library digital collection)
  2. ^ 22E "train machine appliance illustration" (National Diet Library digital collection)
  3. ^ 27GE-1 "train machine appliance illustration" (National Diet Library digital collection)
  4. ^ 76E "train machine appliance illustration" (National Diet Library digital collection)

References

  • Friend company "railroad fan" July, 1962 issue (consecutive number of volumes 13)
  • Ayumi Hakodate-shi Traffic Bureau 50 years magazine editing Committee 1957 of streetcar 50 years
  • Streetcar 100 years Hakodate City Tram Department 2013 of Hakodate
It is acquired by "https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title= Bril &oldid=62914553"

This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia Bril

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Wikipedia and Tranpedia does not guarantee the accuracy of this document. See our disclaimer for more information.

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