Shot (basketball)
A shot in the basketball is movement of letting a ball go through from a basket because an own team gets a score or that purpose, a series of flows before there not being it, and a ball reaching the basket. The shot is a popular name and is called all a shot on the rule (Japanese basketball competition rule). It uses the shot as a verb of the meanings to tell to hit a shot, and it is a right use that the guard of the role to give off a shooter, a shot in players giving off a shot uses what practice a shooting motion, a shot repeatedly in movement to give off a shooting guard, a shot from various places like shot around (out).
Table of contents
Summary of the shot
As for "basket" (ring) called a popular name "goal" [1], it is required by basketball that the player carries a ball to the height above the head to make a goal to be at the position of 305 centimeters from the floor. Because the inside diameter of the ring is 45cm, and it is a 7 ball, and the diameter of ball is approximately 24cm, as for the clearance, there will be a ball 21cm from right above when I pass the ring. However, it goes without saying that the best terminus ad quem fixed by incidence angle to a ring that is discharge angle in case of the shot and speed, distance, them greatly influences the success or failure of the shot because you must pass a ball with an angle by the real shot for the horizontal plane of the ring unless dunk shot is special. If incident angles become less than approximately 30 degrees, the ball cannot pass without touching the ring. By the basketball, you may think that the orbital change to occur describes a parabola in the air resistance by the turn of the ball without most from the mass of the ball, movement speed unlike soccer and volleyball, but the turn of the ball has influence that there is not few it on the success or failure of the shot because a change produces it when I jump at a backboard or a ring and roll. A finger roll shot and a bank shot can watch the application. Maintenance method, shoulder, elbow, wrist of the ball, basket にへの direction of the finger and position relations, step and jump and synchronized condition of the shooting motion, interlocking movement condition with movement and the snap of the wrist stretching out an arm, how to get follow-throughs are really the important elements that orbit and the turn of the shot are decided.
Positioning in the rule
General characteristic
As for the ball, basketball is not accepted for a score by the top if I do not pass. In addition, after a shot was hit, it may become the interference if a player touches a basket and the backboard, and it is in ヴァイオレイション (penalty not to become for a foul) [2].
Time for shot limit
The team holding a ball does a shot within a given period of time and the ball makes a goal or must touch the ring. The time limit is 30 seconds by the children's basketball in the international rule and NBA for 24 seconds. The foul is ヴァイオレイション.
Goaltending
When there is a ball performed a shot of at the position that is higher than a basket, and a player on the offence side touches the ball when I drop besides, the score is not counted even if a ball enters the basket. In addition, a score is recognized when a player on the defense side touches it even if a ball performed a shot of is not in the basket (ヴァイオレイション). This rule is called goaltending. The player who had high height was introduced in favor of a rest so that there was not it.
Classification in the rule
Field goal
The field goal is a shot hit during progress in the rule time for game. I am called the field throw. The antonym becomes the free throw. There is a thing given three points that two points of scores are given in field goal by the position of the player who made a shot.
The shot of the position that is nearer a goal than "the three-point line" of the right figure becomes two points of scores if I make a goal (two point shot). The shot of the outside (three point area) becomes the three point shot than three-point line, and 3 scores are recognized if I make a goal. The three point shot is called the three pointer.
The success rate of the field goal turns big by position and place tile. Because there are many easy shots having a short it of the distance as for the position and the player who runs into the inside, and aims at a shot called the slasher playing at a position near the goal including the center, the shot success rate tends to be high. On the other hand, the success rate lowers with nature because a shooter aiming at a score from the outside has many difficult shots having a long distance. Therefore, the shot success rate does not have many relations with the accuracy of the shot.
When a player on the defense side puts a ball in a basket by mistake, I am counted as a score (score of the game captain) on the offence side. In the case of NBA, it is recorded as a score of the players on the offence side which there was nearest.
Free throw
When one team violates foul or specific ヴァイオレイション, the free throw (Free Throw: a foul shot) is one of the penalties accepted by the partner team. From the free throw line this side in the free throw circle, all players can hit a shot without what is defended. I am performed a throw to from 1 throw to triple throw continually by the kind of the penalty, and 1 score is given if a free throw 1 throw makes a goal. There are several relapse of play methods after it was made a throw.
Technical classification
Layup shot
The shot to hit to put a ball in the ring is called a layup. Because it is often hit on the run, I say the running shot. Because I can raise it more highly, I pick up a ball on one hand and usually keep balls away from the hand at the brink of the ring. The layup is considered to be a shot having high success probability. I hold it with both hands and may have to ensure ball maintenance in the case of double-clutch shots. In addition, it is common I let a backboard bounce, and to put a ball in a ring, and the thing that is stable with a ball becomes easy even for high speed movement and is an effective method. Furthermore, it is effective because it is goaltending if I touch it even if the shot that conflicted with a backboard is rising to avoid a block shot.
Technical element
- A thing, a shoulder, an elbow, a wrist, relations, a step and the jump of the position for the basket of the finger and the synchronized swimming of the shooting motion, the interlocking movement with movement and the snap of the wrist stretching out an arm, the stability of the follow-through to hold a ball definitely are the important elements for correct shots.
- Because the three-dimensional movement of the body is often accompanied by the layup shot other than this and others, I keep body balance, and the strength of the body who can tolerate the contact with the defence is necessary.
Classification by the technique
- Overhand layup
- It is a layup shot to do a shot for a feeling to do how to use touching "jump shot" of the hand, and to lift a ball (overhand). After a shot, the back of the hand turns to the direction opposite to oneself (face each other).
- Underhand throw layup
- It is a layup shot to perform a shot for a feeling scooping a ball from the bottom to the top (underhand throw). After a shot, the back of the hand turns to the direction same as oneself (I do not face each other).
- Scoop shot
- It is a layup shot to perform as if escaping a bottom of the defense to crowd in ペネトレイション. Because it is hit to catch it from the low position, I can avoid a block adversely. Because the orbit of the shot draws a big loop highly, I am called the high loop layup. Tony Parker is famous as a master hand.
- Reverse layup
- I pass the bottom of the goal and am a layup to hit backward. I say the back shot. I am employed well in ペネトレイション from the end zone to become the form protected from a blocker in a backboard and a ring. Kobe Bryant has technique to decide a scoop shot in Reber's from a double-clutch.
- Finger roll
- It is a shot to hit as if rolling a ball at a finger-tip. The George garfish bottle which played an active part in the NBA from 1970s through 1980s was famous as a master hand of the finger roll.
- Up-and-under
- A series of plays to change a posture in a pivot when I do a fake in a paint area to hit an overhand layup from the pivot, and the body of the defence floats, and to give off an underhand throw layup from the bottom. The effective technique that breadth is over for a play when a tall player learns it.
Jump shot
The jump shot jumps and is a shot to perform from defense. I am called the jacket. It is said that Joe Falk's thought out the jump shot of the general form now. It is necessary that the shot except the free throw dodges defense and performs it, and jump shot is used many.
Many players hit the jump shot to perform a snap (one hand) with the dominant hand, but there is the jump shot that a snap does with both hands (Bose hands). The shot to hit with both hands may be used by a player physically inferior to or a long-distance shot.
Technical element
- Synchronized swimming of a thing, a shoulder, an elbow, a wrist, the relations of the position for the basket of the finger, jump movement and the shot movement to hold a ball by the reason that I spoke by a summary definitely, the interlocking movement with movement and the snap of the wrist stretching out an arm, the stability of the follow-through are the important elements for correct shots.
- Generally, it is slightly large and opens a shooting hand and maintains a ball in the root and the whole of the finger of the palm finger and attaches other hand at the position that can stabilize a ball without interfering. I raise elbow at the position that is slightly higher than a shoulder, and I raise a ball overhead, and a palm confronts a basket and holds it in the state that I bent a wrist to so that the back of the hand is seen. By this posture, the forearm (from an elbow a hand) becomes the form that inclined to the direction of the shoulder from verticality a little. I often bend the wrist to one cup to the rear to immobilize a position.
- While a jump reaches the highest score from a jump start, I stretch out an elbow while giving an upper arm and write the former porcelain bowl for a basket and I let you hear the snap of the wrist before an elbow finishes lengthening and stretch out ball. At this chance I adjust it so that it becomes a forefinger and the middle finger to be separated from a ball last.
- I respond to just continue the snap of the wrist and get, and a forefinger and the middle finger and the basket which faced it below are seen on the straight line and confirm that a ball performs a track of the meantime.
- These postures and pitching forms need a correction depending on effect and the muscular strength of the player. In addition, of a kind and the turn of the jump shot take it, and naturally the pitching form changes by condition, the position relations with the defence. In any case it can be a superior shooter by practicing it repeatedly with a stable form suitable for a player.
Classification by the technique
- Bank shot
- A shot to sink in a goal after bouncing a ball to a backboard [3]. Because it is easy to determine an aim in the short distance, and there are few loops, and the shot speed is fast, it becomes advantageous at what it is hard to block and the shot clock brink. The bank shot from the middle range needs a high technique, and the bank shot by the isolation of Tim Duncan is famous for the NBA. There is not so what is used at a long distance unless it is special.
- Floater
- I am called a shot, the teardrop which float a ball gently to avoid a tall blocker in the ring neighborhood, and give it off. A player of the guard often performs it. A blocker arrives; is easy to become the goaltending, and become advantageous to pass it whether there is a few it. Tony Parker is famous as a master hand as well as a scoop shot.
- Fading away jacket
- A shot to hit while jumping from a ring to the direction to leave. I leave the moment by going away from a defence and make a block difficult. Dark ノビツキー is famous by deciding a goal to high probability even from a long range in a fading away.
- Pulling up jacket
- A shot to lift a ball from the low position to the shooting position at the same time to push a defence into the goal direction in a dribble and a pivot, and to take the moment, and to give it off quickly. When I lift it, I may invite a foul from the contact with the arm of the defence and am the shot that is hard to perform defense. It is one of the proud skill of Kobe Bryant.
- Step back jacket
- A shot to push a defence into the goal direction by a dribble, and to finish a dribble at the same time, and to maintain a ball while stepping in step back or the side, and to give it off. It is one of the proud skill of James Arthur Harden.
Hook shot
I put a ball on one hand, and a shot to just give up is called hook shot. According to a defence, I often shoot a ball using a contralateral arm to escape from the check (block shot) of the shot by the partner defence, and to let you make defense difficult. ボールを放つ時に腕が鉤（フック）のような形になるのでこの名がある。
Technical element
- 正しくボールを保持すること、肩、肘、手首、指のバスケットに向けた位置の関係、ジャンプ動作とショット動作のシンクロ、腕を振る動作と手首のスナップとの連動、フォロースルーの安定などが正確なショットのための重要な要素である。
- 一般的には、バスケットからシューティングハンド側が遠くなるように位置し、手をやや大きめに開き、掌の指の付け根と指全体でボールを安定させることが出来るように両手で保持する。ジャンプに合わせて両腕でボールを頭上へ挙げ、引き続き片手で保持し腕を振る事が出来る位置へ掲げ、腕をなめらかにバスケットに向けて振りながら手首のスナップを効かせボールに回転を掛け、頭上の出来るだけ高い位置からループを描くように放つ。ボールを片手でつかめない場合は、腕を振る際に生じるボールの遠心力で、掌全体で保持しながら放つ事も可能である。腕の振り幅や方向、スナップの効かせ具合、などで個性が生じる。
Classification by the technique
- ジャンプフック
- 両足でジャンプして放つフックショット
- ランニングフック
- ランニングショットのステップジャンプで放つフックショット
- スカイフック
- リングより高い位置で放つ、打点の高いフックショットのことである。1970年代から1980年代にかけてNBAで活躍したカリーム・アブドゥル＝ジャバーのスカイフックが有名だった。
- ベビーフック
- 定義は諸説ある。一般的には、通常のフックショットよりも腕（ひじ）の曲げ方が小さい、または手首だけのスナップで打つフックショットのことを、ベビーフックと呼ぶようである。両足がコートに付いた状態で打つフックショットを指すこともあるが、ジャンプした状態でベビーフックを打つこともある。マジック・ジョンソンがこのショットを得意としていた。どちらかと言えばトリッキーなショットに分類される。
ダンクショット
ボールを手から離さずに直接ゴールに入れるショットをダンクショットと言う。ダンクショット、あるいは単にダンクとも言い、ジャムという呼び名もある。ダンクショットをするためには長身であることやジャンプ力があることが有利になる。選手の運動能力が分かりやすく顕れるため、観客を沸かせることの多いプレイである。
漫画「SLAM DUNK」のタイトルにもなった「スラムダンク」(en)は強く叩きつけるようなダンクショットを指すが、もとはNBAのチームロサンゼルス・レイカーズで長年実況を務めたアナウンサーチック・ハーンの造語である[4]。
NBAで毎年行われるオールスターゲームの前に、NBAスラムダンクコンテストが繰り広げられている。
ダンクショットの種類
- ワンハンド
- その名の通りボールを左か右のどちらかの手でダンクする技。
- ダブルハンド
- 両手でボールを持ってダンクする技。ボースハンドとも言う。日本では漫画『SLAM DUNK』でこの技を得意としている赤木剛憲の愛称からゴリラダンクと呼ばれることがある。
- リバースダンク
- ゴールに背を向けながら行なうダンク。日本ではバックダンクとも言われている。
- 360（スリーシックスティ）
- 空中で1回転スピンしてから決めるダンク。さらに高度な技として1回転半（540・ファイブフォーティーン）や2回転（720・セブントゥエンティー）も存在するが、非常に難しい。
- トマホーク
- 持ち上げたボールを一旦頭の後ろに動かしてからするダンク。
- ウィンドミル
- ボールを持った腕を風車の様に回転させながら行なうダンクのこと。「ウィンドミル (windmill)」は「風車」の意。片手でも両手でも可能。
- アリウープ
- パスされたボールを空中で受け取り、そのまま着地せずにするダンク。パスする人とダンクする人の息が合わないと成功できない大技。現在ではロサンゼルス・クリッパーズのクリス・ポールとブレイク・グリフィンが息のあったアリウープをよく見せている。
- ワンマン・アリウープ
- 上記のアリウープをたった1人で行う技。床にボールを大きくバウンドさせ、それをキャッチして叩き込むタイプや、バックボードに当てて跳ね返ったところをダンクするタイプ（オフ・ザ・グラス）がある。
- ダブル・バンプ
- 空中でボールを一度下げ、さらにもう一度上げてからダンクする。「ダブル・クラッチ・ダンク」ともいう。
- レッグスルー
- 空中でボールを股の間に通してからするダンク。1993年のスラムダンクコンテストでアイザイア・ライダーが初めて成功させたので、「ライダー」とも呼ばれる。
- エルボーダンク
- ボールとともに肘までリングに突っ込み、ぶら下がるダンク。2000年のダンクコンテストでビンス・カーターが成功させたものが最も有名。「エルボークラッシュ」とも呼ばれる
- 背面通しダンク
- ボールを背中側で持ち替えて行うダンク。2005年のダンクコンテストでJ・R・スミスが披露した。
- レーンアップ
- フリースローレーンから踏み切って行うダンク。1976年のダンクコンテストでジュリアス・アービングが初めて成功させた。「フリースローラインダンク」とも言う。
- 人間越え
- 高い跳躍から、人間を飛び越えてダンクする。飛び越える相手が小柄だと易しく長身であるほど難しい。シドニーオリンピック男子バスケットボールにおいて、アメリカ合衆国代表ビンス・カーターが身長218cmのフランス代表センターフレデリック・ワイスを飛び越えたダンクが最も有名。また、2006年スラムダンクコンテストではネイト・ロビンソンがスパット・ウェブを飛び越えて成功させた。しかし、翌年のスラムダンクコンテストではジェラルド・グリーンがそのネイト・ロビンソンを飛び越え、さらに左手で自ら目隠しをしてのダンクを決めた。
上記の技術を複合させたダンクショットもいくつかある。
- 360ウィンドミル（スリーシックスティウィンドミル）
- ウィンドミルと360を複合。ビンス・カーターが2000年のダンクコンテストで見せた。
- オフ・ザ・グラス レッグスルー
- バックボードに当てて跳ね返ったボールをキャッチし、空中でボールを股の間に通してからのダンク。ジェイソン・リチャードソンが2004年のダンクコンテストで成功させた。
- ダブル・クラッチ レーンアップ
- 空中でボールを動かすクラッチ動作を入れてのレーンアップ。1988年のダンクコンテストでマイケル・ジョーダンが見せた。
その他の種類
- ティップショット
- リングやバックボードに跳ね返ったショットを叩いて入れるショットのこと。ティップインとも言う。
- ティップスラム
- リングやバックボードに跳ね返ったショットをつかんでそのままダンクにいくショットのこと。リバウンドダンクと呼ばれる事も多い。
ショットに関連する用語
- ブザービーター
- ピリオドや試合が終了する直前にショットを放ち、終了時のブザーと同時にゴールに入るショットのこと。ショットがブザーのスイッチを押したように感じられることからそのように呼ばれる。24秒ヴァイオレイションの際でも、このような言い方をすることがある。
- シューター
- 「ショットを打つ人」という意味だが、「ショットを得意とする人」を含意することもある。特にスリーポイント・ショット付近のロングレンジショットを得意とする人をペリメーター・シューターと呼ぶ。また、土壇場に強いシューターをクラッチ・シューターと言うこともある。
- ダブルクラッチ
- 一度ショットを放つ体勢に入ってジャンプした後、空中で体を縮め、ディフェンスをかわし、もう一度体を伸ばして放つ2段モーションショット。もう一度動作できればトリプルクラッチだが難易度は極めて高い。
- エアボール
- リングやバックボードに当たらずに外れるショットのこと。
NBA歴代得点ランキング
脚注
- ^ FIBA国際ルールでは「ゴール」はライブのボールがバスケットの上から通過するか中にとどまる現象のことを言うのであって、装置の呼称は「バスケット(リング)」。
- ^ "Official Basketball Rules". FIBA.com (2010年4月30日). 2012年3月29日閲覧。
- ^ 『バスケットボール上達BOOK』172頁。
- ^ sportsillustrated.com, Lakers announcer Hearn dead at 85. Retrieved 15 April 2007.
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