검색어 political party에 대한 글을 관련성을 기준으로 정렬하여 표시합니다. 날짜순 정렬 모든 글 표시
검색어 political party에 대한 글을 관련성을 기준으로 정렬하여 표시합니다. 날짜순 정렬 모든 글 표시

2016년 8월 8일 월요일

Political party

Political party

A political party (Seitow) is a group organized by a person with a common political purpose. It is the combination by honor and the item of virtues [1], and, according to British member of the House of Representatives Edmund Burke of the 18th century, it is said that it is not a human being group based on the self-interest (gang).

Table of contents

General statement

The people with the common point gather for a policy and a claim in politics and plan the collection of the opinion and the formation of the unified policy, and or, as activity for the realization of the policy, charge aims for the government and points to an organization performing it being in a base unit of the administration of the assembly or the group. The formation of a party, the natural human constituting call that I form a political party a party member and call the dissolution of the political party a solution party. When meet the legal requirements (political party requirements) at various political levels (federate nation, league of nations, nation, local government) in many modern nations; legally the qualification as the political party is under the protection. On the contrary, there is the government in the political party where is in an illegal state by prohibiting it in a specific political party when I do not adopt political pluralism.

The classifications by the number of political parties and relations with the power include political pluralism, one-party system (one-party system, hegemony political party system). In addition, I call the political party which does not participate in the ruling party (father), the political power in a political party participating in the political power an opposition party (employ). The ruling party on the government may not be the ruling party in the Local Assembly that this is above-mentioned various political levels and exists.

Function

At first I gather various profit in the society, and a function of the political parties includes a function to let you reflect it to politics. A political party shows what's called which the profit gathered for a citizen in form policy and serves to let you show it for the government and carry it out. In addition, supplement, the election function of the political leader is important, too. I let you choose a candidate from the thing which resembled closely of the policy and run for election and bring it up while letting you load experience in the party if elected and bring up the leader who can lead a higher group. And I let the leader take office as the national leaders such as the sovereigns using the power of the political party. At this chance a political party is the government inside and I am based on own member and organize a cabinet and the Executive Office of the President and perform that I organize a policy-making body. In addition, I have the function to promote understanding, participation in citizen's politics by showing the plain policy and issue that a political party gathered to a citizen. And the political party which won by election is in charge of the government as the ruling party, and the political party defeated by criticizes the deficient point of the policy of the ruling party as an opposition party and has a function to let you revise monitoring. If this ruling party, opposition party is a democratic nation, a thing maintaining both of the ability for ability for government charge, government criticism is demanded from the political party by election results to produce natural replacement.

The legislation of the political party and legal political party

The attitude toward political party of public opinion and the law changed to the antipathy for the political party, the acceptance of the political party, the legislation of the political party. It was originally a personal association, and the political party was not a thing with no legal grounds, but because it was admitted that a function such as the above was effective, the political party came to be gradually made much of and came to be considered indispensable for democratic politics.

Important one step to the legislation of the political party was stepped forward to by introduction of the proportional representation in the early 20th century. As for this system, the candidacy premises the existence of the political party [2].

Then, in the late 20th century, a system of regulation and the furtherance of the political fund brought legislation to step into the internal administration of the political party. Legislation includes both sides of encouragement of the political party activity and the national interference for the political party. In Germany which got a head start of the system, this state was studied as a political party nation model. The national rule by the political party is not realized simply (in the meaning that the intention of the political party is, for example, superior to than the intention of the nation). However, there is the side to disturb the challenge of the new political party by national power by limiting a benefit of the legislation to the existing political party.

Division

In the political party, various systems (political party system) exist by the country. In the division of the political party system, various division by many scholars is proposed, but at first it is custom that is divided into one-party system and two kinds of the political pluralism by the number of political parties. Because the country of the one-party system does not have the choice system of the political party, change of government is theoretically impossible and is synonymous with dictature substantially. For example, it is impossible, and there is change of government in the nation where only a hegemony political party and a satellite political party to support in it exist in a principle like the People's Republic of China and some countries of the Eastern Europe of before 1989, and naturally, in the country becoming the political pluralism nominally, such a country is not considered to be the democracy either. It is said that the Giovanni monkey toe re-によれば political party system is divided into one-party system that is a noncompetitive political party system and seven of a hegemony political party system, the alliance predominance political party system that is a competitive political party system, the two-party system, moderate multi-party system, multi-party system of polarizing it, atomization political party system.

In addition, the political party is sorted by the political claim and ideology by some. Conservatism、Liberalism、Socialism、Social democracy、Democratic socialism、Communismなどである. Such a political party has an international organization every ideology each, and the liberalism international which the Socialist International to belong to of socialism, social democracy, the democratic socialism political party and the liberalism political party belong to, the International Democratic Union where the conservatism political party belongs to exist.

In each country, the political parties are classified by a political spectrum. It is so-called right wing, left-winger, and the left, conservatism and fascism are considered to be a right wing communism and socialism. I may call innovation, a right wing maintenance at the left. In addition, the extremely radical thing insisting on is called the extreme right, the extreme left each in both groups. In addition, even if call the middle political party insisting on which does not deviate to the Arctic and Antarctic with moderation, and put it within moderation;; stand, and a classification of a right-center, the left-of-center faction exists by a position.

History

Establishment of the political party

  • The origin of the modern political party
  1. It is in the political organization which planned reform and a revolution of the political system in the country where an assembly does not exist, and the right to vote was confined to.
  2. It was in the early assembly, and a faction for assembly administration developed from a temporary thing at the lasting organization.

A notable political party (executive political party) which the influential person who is a member of the Diet made for assembly administration is an early political party. If the combination with the electorate who increased with adoption of the universal suffrage became difficult, the mass party which had many party members outside an assembly appeared.

Of notable political party and two of the mass party political party mentioned above fall on two origin. I received the challenge of the new mass party, and the former notable political party made self-renewal in the mass party, too. Conservatism, a political party of the liberalism often took the form of the notable political party, and social democracy, a political party of the communism often took the form of the mass party (about the descent from political party of each country in the history of the political party).

Modern political party

Because the opinion of the well-known politician, party came to reach the direct electorate by the development of the mass media, the role of the party organization decreased and did not wield the mass party either. Because the interest of people centers on the prime minister, the President as the head of the government and a candidate individual to those public office, as for the power of the political party, there is the observation that decreased more. There is other various political party declinism.

But, in the present when a phenomenon leading to the political party decline spreads among the society, and several decades passed, I do not have the fluidity of the election results that should get up theoretically either. A large number of political party systems of the advanced democracy country change without a big change. It is a cartel political party theory that explain saying that the political party which lost a social infrastructure merely survives this as a monopolist with vested rights in an election market.

Political party in each country

Mandatory party-line voting, a check article, public funding for political parties vary according to a country.

in Japan

Footnote

  1. To ^ "a political party theory clue of glorious political science - Burk" Chihiro Kariya (policy science 14(1) 立命大学) [1] [2] [3]
  2. ^ is close, and there is only political party list proportional representation assuming the existence of the political party. Similarly the single entry transfer-style vote (STV) does not necessarily premise the existence of the political party in the system classified into proportional representation either. Therefore, in the Lower House election adopting STV of Ireland, the independent of the constant number is picked.

Publication information

  • Burke, E. 1839. Thoughts on the cause of the present discontents(1770), in The Works of Edmund Burke, vol. 1, Boston: Little, Brown & Co.
  • Dahl, R., ed. 1966. Political Oppositions in Western Democracies. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press.
  • Downs, A. 1957. An Economic Theory of Democracy. New York: Harper & Row.
    • Written by Anthony Downs, Seiji Furuta supervising a translation "economic theory document temple of the democracy", 1980
  • Duverger, M. 1954. Political parties. New York: john Wiley.
  • Katz, R. S. 1980. A Theory of Parties and Electoral Systems. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press.
  • Katz, R. S. 1987. Party Government: European and American Experiences. Berlin: de Gruyter.
  • Key, V. O. 1964. Politics, Parties, and Pressure Groups. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell.
  • Lawson, K., ed. 1980. Political Parties and Linkage: A Comparative perspective. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press.
  • Lipset, S. and Rokkan, S., eds. 1967. Party Systems and Voter Alignments. New York: Free Press.
  • Madison, J., Hamilton, A., Hamilton, J., and Jay, J., eds. The Federalist Papers. New York: New American Library.
  • Maisel, L., and Cooper, J. eds. 1978. Political Parties: Development and Decay. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications.
  • Panebianco, A. 1988. Political Party: Organization and Power. New York: Cambridge Univ. Press.
    • パーネビアンコ work, Shinichiro Murakami reason "political party organization and power" Minerva Publishing, 2005
  • Putnam, R. D. 1976. The Comparative Study of Political Elites. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.
  • Sartori, G. 1976. Parties and Party Systems. New York: Cambridge Univ. Press.
    • For monkey toe re-work, Norio Okazawa, Hideyuki Kawano reason "analysis framework of modern political party educational administration party system theory" Waseda University publishing division, 1,980 years, it is popular edition 2000
  • Schattschneider, E. E. 1942. Party Government. New York: Farrar & Rinehart.
  • Schumpeter, J. 1942. Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy. new York: Harper & Row.
  • Tocqueville, A. de 1969. Democracy in America. Garden City, New York: Anchor Books.
  • Weber, M. 1946. Politics as a vocation, in H. Gerth and C. W. Mills eds. From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology. New York: Oxford Univ. Press.
  • Weiner, M. 1967. Party Building in a New Nation: The Indian National Congress. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press.

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2016년 7월 12일 화요일

Independent meeting

Independent meeting

Vagueness evasion In this item, I explain the Japanese political party which existed from 1999 through 2004 in the government. Please see "an independent meeting" (denomination) about the existing political party including "the Liberal Democratic Party, an independent meeting" and united communion in the Diet of the independent and denomination name of each ground local assemblyman.

With the independent meeting (むしょぞくのかい), it is one of the Japanese political parties. I continued for approximately four and a half years. Form "House of Councilors club" in November, 1998, and switch to "an independent meeting" in December, 1999; a July, 2004 solution party. The representative is Motoo Shiina → Masami Tanabu → Kozo Watanabe. The abbreviated designation is nothing place society or a null meeting. The alphabet soup in newspapers is "mu" by a hiragana letter. Or it is "mu" in katakana. As for the notation called "no denomination."

Here, I write it down about the same name group as the communion in the Diet in the Diet. I did not join a political party "independent meeting", but there was the person who joined "only a denomination independent meeting". However, I do not refer to the (1999) denomination which existed before the political party "meeting formation of a party of the independent" here.

Table of contents

Summary

A well-known politician (now each a face of the LDP and the Democratic Party) who spoke it later joined it. However, they did not join those major parties (the LDP, the New Frontier Party, the Democratic Party, the Liberal Party) for some reason in those days. It is a political party constructed by complete independent politicians with such circumstances. About the reason, see follows. The political stances of each person are totally different, and the policy is a political party having neither the party line that was not unified nor the mandatory party-line voting. In addition, there was not the party member system without recruiting party members for a general qualified voter.

With the reason why an independent Diet member must form a party daringly in the political party "meeting of the independent" being completely independent in a current system,

  • Disadvantageous in an election campaign (because a system design becoming advantageous to a political party member in the single-member electorate system)
    • The broadcast of political views is not possible in a single-seat constituencies
    • I cannot put the poster (1,000 pieces) as the political party
    • There is little allocation of the loudspeaker vehicle
  • The political donation from the corporation is not received
  • A political party grant is not received

There is the issue of という and is the political party which was organized to cancel it. It was made fun of "an election mutual aid society" with "a crowd" from other people in the newspapers such as the Yomiuri Shimbun.

The person affiliated with Democratic Party among position members of the Diet (New Frontier Party system),

  • Division (December 26, 1996.the sun party formation of a party by Tsutomu Hata and others) of the New Frontier Party
  • New Frontier Party solution party (December 27, 1997)

After の, people that people from 与 さなかった, the political party where you should belong to again (by a solution party) had disappeared joined both Ichiro Ozawa, Haneda. They gathered in the Democratic Party which after people reason merger to be able to be called the re-junction of the old New Frontier Party namely Ozawa, Haneda called together again.

Communion in the Diet

House of Representatives

After New Frontier Party solution party, an "independent meeting" denomination was organized in the House of Representatives as communion in the Diet by Ryuzo Sasaki, Hiroshi Nakata (I continue until January, 2000).

However, there was the movement that was different from it.

The independent meeting and the Liberal Party of Ichiro Ozawa made a parliamentary group as follows only in the House of Councilors, but, after House of Representatives general election of June, 2000, the Liberal Party left a denomination one-sidedly on June 29, and the joint struggle with the Liberal Party disappeared. Four next members of the House of Representatives cooperated with the Democratic Party of the existing political party as independent meeting joining a political party on June 30 on the next day and formed an in-hospital parliamentary group "club independent the Democratic Party" only in the House of Representatives.

Of these, two people did not cast a vote to the candidate (representative of Democratic Party) who supposed of the denomination in prime minister nomination election of 2001 (later description). Therefore I was thrown out of the in-hospital parliamentary group. (I remained behind in the independent meeting as the political party). Two people threw away a chair of the Diet and were transferred to a local chief after all. However, two people (Watanabe and Yamaguchi) who stayed joined the Democratic Party formally later.

House of Councilors

On the other hand, parties always got united in the House of Councilors and followed the following changes while crossing other parties and parliamentary group mainly.

Political party communion in the Diet "Society for the House of Councilors" members of the Diet where I did not join in "the meeting of the independent" are as follows. Tenzo Okumura, Kiseko Takahashi, two people (Tsutomu Yamazaki and Kenji Sugekawa) of Reform Club. Two people of Reform Club withdraw from a denomination at the end of 1999, and, in Yamasaki, the Kan River joins democracy to the LDP in the next year.
  • The Liberal Party is divided (H12) on April 5 in 2000 (the Conservative Party formation of a party). I join communion in the Diet "Society for the House of Councilors" (eight people.six and Okumura, Takahashi of the independent meeting), and the member of the House of Councilors (five) who remained behind in the Liberal Party of Ozawa forms new communion in the Diet "House of Councilors club" (13)
  • (deny a member of the House of Councilors, and Okumura of the denomination House of Councilors club ran for House of Representatives general election on June 2, 2000, and the Democratic Party joins it later.) the House of Councilors club to 12 people　
  • (June, 2000 House of Representatives general election)
  • All the members (five) of the Liberal Party are resigned from on June 29, 2000 by the denomination House of Councilors club. The House of Councilors club to seven people.
  • The communion in the Diet "House of Councilors club" is seven people including Takahashi not to belong to communion in the Diet "independent meeting" and the changing of a name (I used the political party name as a same denomination name) political party on July 6, 2000
  • (in 2001, two people of Domoto, Mizuno resign as a member of the House of Councilors for a governor's race run)
  • On August 2, 2001, Kiyoshi Nishikawa joins the denomination. It is nonparticipation in the political party
  • (Chairperson Councilor Masakazu Yamamoto Social Democratic Party moved in order to form the parliamentary group which the Social Democratic Party added to independent meeting, Liberal Party, Daini-In Club after) on) July 29 in (2001 in the 19th ordinary election (2001, but comes to a deadlock by objection of party Mizuho Fukushima)
  • Masakazu Yamamoto who left the Social Democratic Party in December, 2001, both persons of Shimabukuro of Daini-In Club join the meeting of the political party independent.
  • An independent meeting and the Liberal Party (eight members of the House of Councilors) of Ozawa made a parliamentary group again on January 11, 2002. But representative meeting first generation Shiina independent is nonparticipation. Independent Nishikawa and Takahashi participate. The name of the new in-hospital parliamentary group "Diet reform Network" (the Liberal Party, independent meeting) (15).
  • Nishikawa leaves the denomination (liaison meeting) in January, 2003.
  • Takahashi leaves the denomination (liaison meeting) in July, 2003. I form new communion in the Diet "green meeting" (but in the green meeting as the political party nonparticipation).
  • The old Liberal Party became the all the members Democratic Party with people reason merger among liaison meetings (13) on September 24, 2003. The liaison meeting is dissolved. I form communion in the Diet "independent meeting" (six people.Motoo Shiina, Masami Tanabu, Masuo Matsuoka, Sota Iwamoto, Soko Shimabukuro, Masakazu Yamamoto) again. Shiina participated here. But Matsuoka acted as the representative of communion in the Diet.
  • (complete defeat crushing in November, 2003 House of Representatives general election)
  • Representative of representative of political party Tanabu, denomination Matsuoka leaves the party in December, 2003
  • All the members of the position member of the House of Councilors expire in the term of office in July, 2004. It is also a solution party.

Representative position

Representative

The past is member of the House of Representatives of the LDP position. For the member of the House of Representatives era, it was a worthy rival of Ichiro Ozawa who fought in the same electoral district (two wards of former Iwate). However, I change for the Upper House election of 1992 when I lose a general election of 1990 and achieve election. I leave the LDP in 1993. I break down with Ozawa and I form an independent meeting in 1999 and take office as a representative afterwards. I retire myself from the politics without showing up in person for the Upper House election of 2004.
I shared an action with LDP, new life party, New Frontier Party and Ichiro Ozawa, but did not participate in the former New Frontier Party pro-political party except that I formed the political organization "citizens of Aomori association" which collected the old SHIN-SHIN camp in a hometown by oneself after New Frontier Party solution party. I participate in the formation of a party in an independent meeting in 1999 and take office as a representative in 2001. However, I leave an independent meeting after a general election of 2003, and it is joined the party in December of the year by the Democratic Party.
I shared the new life party, New Frontier Party formation of a party and an action after a secession with Ichiro Ozawa in the LDP. It was the New Frontier Party vice-party leader, but it is left party membership by custom on becoming Vice-Speaker, House of Representatives in 1996. After New Frontier Party division of December, 1996, I continued a political activity as the only position political party in an independent meeting without taking part in both Ozawa and Haneda. Because Masami Tanabu of the independent meeting representative left the party just after the vice-president retirement in 2003, I take office as representative independent meeting. However, I join the Democratic Party which a solution party does an independent meeting by oneself in the next year, and did people reason merger.

Representative position

The Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Haneda Cabinet. In the position political party, a wide variety of; save it, and omit it. I resigned as member of the House of Representatives once and ran for Tokyo Governor election in 1999. The LDP where Kakizawa belonged to guessed Yasushi Akashi, but the LDP was struck off a list in those days because Kakizawa forced a run without obeying the policy (the Kunio Hatoyama and others who resigned as Yoichi Masuzoe, the member of the House of Representatives of the international political scientist, and left the Democratic Party ran for it, and candidates were jumbled up close together other than Yasushi Akashi, Kakizawa in this election, but Shintaro Ishihara of the Representative former LDP was elected you after all). After running for a member of the House of Representatives general election in complete independents in the 42nd in 2000, and having been elected, I joined the independent meeting. I lose though it is a member of the House of Representatives general election and is independent meeting official recognition and faces reelection in the 43rd in 2003. I just retired myself from the politics. The 2009 death.
I form a party with Haneda, Katsuya Okada and others in LDP → new life → rising → sun party, civil administration party. Chairman of the Policy Affairs Research Council at sun party. I do not run for a general election of 2003 and retire myself from the politics.
Japanese new party → New Frontier Party. I crossed the Democratic Party and a parliamentary group in the House of Representatives (the Democratic Party, independent club). However, I am expelled from the denomination by Naoto Kan (Chief Secretary of Democratic Party) because I voted for Junichiro Koizumi of the LDP in Prime Minister nomination election of 2001. In 2002, it is transferred by the Mayor of Yokohama. I continued party position after the mayor assumption of office to the independent Buddhist priest party.
I have been elected in complete independents for 1,996 years. The independent is a strict order from father, Yoshihiko Tsuchiya. Yoshihiko was Governor of Saitama in those days, and I obtained it, and support was just reelected the LDP for the governorship second quarter by rising democracy, Masaaki. I participate in the independent meeting than the formation of a party. I leave an independent meeting by September 26, 2001, and it is joined the party on the same day by the LDP. I act as のち foreign affairs parliamentary secretaries.
Under the support of the Councilor independent meeting Masami Tanabu, I am elected as an independent meeting ticket in 2000. I become member of the House of Representatives. I crossed the Democratic Party and a parliamentary group in the House of Representatives (the Democratic Party, independent club). However, I vote for Junichiro Koizumi in Prime Minister nomination election of 2001, and I am struck off a list by the denomination. I am transferred to Governor of Aomori in 2003 (affiliated with the LDP by this time).
In December of the year, five people including Yamamoto of the representative join the LDP in a group though I enter election, communion in the Diet "21st century club" (representative Kozo Yamamoto, nine) of Representative conservative independent as a complete independent in a member of the House of Representatives general election in the 42nd in 2000. However, as for three people of Kondo, Kaneko, Udagawa, LDP joining a political party is refused, and an independent meeting joins the party on December 27, 2000 (by the way, the last one who remained independent in the denomination was Representative Kensaku Morita). However, I leave an independent meeting by December, 2001, and it is joined the party newly by the LDP. I act as Senior Vice Ministers of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.
The meeting joining a political party that is independent by circumstances as an independent complete for 2,000 years in a 42nd member of the House of Representatives general election from election, the participation in denomination "21st century club" mentioned above on December 27, 2000. I leave an independent meeting by November 28, 2001, and it is joined the party newly by the LDP. I act as Senior Vice Ministers of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism.
The meeting joining a political party that is independent by circumstances as an independent complete for 2,000 years in a 42nd member of the House of Representatives general election from election, the participation in denomination "21st century club" mentioned above. I lose a 43rd member of the House of Representatives general election for 2,003 years though I face reelection as independent meeting official recognition (considered that there is Yoshinobu Shimamura of the party veteran in the same electoral district and is because he continued being elected). The same politics retirement. Second son Toshifumi inherits a political activity (a member of the Metropolitan assembly.after election in the LDP formally joining a political party).
Election, the meeting of the のち independent join the party as a complete independent in a member of the House of Representatives general election in the 42nd in 2000. I crossed the Democratic Party and a parliamentary group in the House of Representatives (the Democratic Party, independent club). I lose a 43rd member of the House of Representatives general election for 2,003 years though I face reelection as independent meeting official recognition. I enter the Democratic Party in 2005 and I am proportional though I am defeated facing the general election in a single-seat constituencies and revive and am elected. I take office as the Democratic Party "cabinet Minister of Foreign Affairs of the next".
After New Frontier Party division, I form a party in an independent meeting apart from the remnants of the New Frontier Party. However, I support prime minister nomination of Yoshiro Mori in prime minister nomination election of April, 2000 from the formation of a party how despite a hometown three months later. I stand and lose an independent without getting official recognition in the real (in November, 2000 the 42nd general election) election though the LDP official recognition in the next general election is almost made a definite promise of as barter. I lose House of Representatives councilorship. I show up in person as a complete independent of the non-LDP non-democracy, and even election is defeated in 2003. I enter the Democratic Party in 2005 and I am proportional though I am defeated facing the general election in a single-seat constituencies and revive and am elected. I successively hold Minister of Defense cabinet first generation of the Democratic Party next.

Councilor position

It is Chairperson member of the House of Councilors the Social Democratic Party vice-party leader. In 2001, I was pushing forward the making of parliamentary group which added the Liberal Party and an independent meeting to the Social Democratic Party in the House of Councilors, and, by objection of Chief Secretary Mizuho Fukushima, the making of parliamentary group came to a deadlock. Yamamoto who lost the place for body in the party left the party by oneself on December 25, 2001 (I strike it off a list later and dispose) and joined the independent meeting alone. The parliamentary group bore fruit as "Diet reform Network" (the Liberal Party, independent meeting) in 2002, the following day after all. Politics retire (a non-run for member of the House of Councilors election) in 2004.
I transferred to New Party Sakigake on the peaceful back from the Social Democratic Party Japan and acted as New Party Sakigake representation chairperson (substantial representative) finally. After having made House of Councilors club, I form a party in an independent meeting. I am transferred to Governor of Chiba in 2001 (after having served for two quarters, politics retire without doing 再々出馬)
Grandnephew of Yosuke Matsuoka (the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the second Imperial Guardsman Cabinet). I formed a party with Morihiro Hosokawa (grandchild of 近衞文麿) in a Japanese new party and served Hosokawa as a representative of Japanese new party secretary. I participate in the New Frontier Party after the formation of a party with Hosokawa. I lose the Lower House election in 1996. I show up in person in complete independents again in the House of Councilors in 1998 and have been elected. I join a political party "independent meeting" after the formation of a party. The political party "meeting chief secretary of the independent." Then, after a general election of November, 2003 when three months do not pass, I leave an independent meeting, and it is joined the party newly in December, 2003 by the Democratic Party though I act as a representative of House of Councilors communion in the Diet "meeting (2003 version) of the independent". Politics retire (a non-run for member of the House of Councilors election) in 2004.
Chairperson at Okinawa Social Mass Party, a representative of Daini-In Club. It was the Upper House election for 2,001 years, and a member of Daini-In Club became really alone (because it has been left the party) as both a political party and a denomination because it had been to oneself alone because there became no members of the House of Councilors of Jiyurengo by defeat although I also crossed Jiyurengo and an in-hospital parliamentary group in those days (I agree with an independent). Therefore I joined "the independent meeting" as the political party with I joined parliamentary group "Diet reform Network" of the independent meeting, Liberal Party and retaining Social Mass Party, Daini-In Club. Politics retire (a non-run for member of the House of Councilors election) in 2004.
It is asked by Yukio Hatoyama and joins New Party Sakigake and becomes a member of the House of Councilors. Chairman of the Policy Affairs Research Council at New Party Sakigake. After having made House of Councilors club, I form a party in an independent meeting. I advocate "Shizuoka Airport objection" in 2001 and ran for Shizuoka gubernatorial election, but lose. The same politics retirement. It was incumbent Yoshinobu Ishikawa who promoted Shizuoka Airport positively to have beaten Mizuno.
Democracy, freedom, the Social Democratic Party defeats the LDP present post in member of the House of Councilors election as an independent candidate (anti-LDP joint candidate) recommended more to lead it and, in 1998, carries out election. I did not join no party which I recommended after the member of the Diet assumption of office and joined the independent meeting. By the reason of the care of the wife, politics retire (a non-run for member of the House of Councilors election) in 2004.

Local member of the Diet

  • A member of the Metropolitan assembly to nominate next was the position of the political party "independent meeting".

Except Yamasaki, I retired myself from the politics. Fujikawa belonged to the Democratic Party denomination later. Yamasaki reopened a political activity in form to participate in the Japanese wound new party, Democratic Party in 2010 though politics retired once. Furthermore, I become the ticket of the 46th member of the House of Representatives general election from the Japan Restoration Party in 2012, but I show up in person and decline it. I run for the 23rd member of the House of Councilors ordinary election from proportional representation in 2013, but lose.

I gave recommendation to a local member of the Diet elsewhere around Aomori, and the plural number of the recommendation candidate was elected.

The position candidate that was not able to serve as election in the independent meeting

I ran for the Lower House election and lost a complete independent once. I join the independent meeting formally and lose though I face a member of the House of Representatives general election as independent meeting official recognition in the 43rd in 2003. I enter the LDP after independent meeting extinction in 2005 and win for the first time facing the general election.
I lose though the politics face the member of the House of Representatives general election as independent meeting official recognition as a successor of retiring Toshinobu Awaya in the electoral district in the 43rd in 2003. I enter the LDP in 2004 after the independent meeting extinction and win for the first time facing the general election in 2005.
  • Kaoru Kanamori
I run for member of the House of Representatives election from proportion Tokyo block in the 42nd in economy, stocks, product market commentator (man) 2000 (defeat)
New Japan Pro Wrestling doctor, doctor, medical commentator, プッツン 5 of the Nippon Television crane attain a full victory, and they are extremely famous as a sumo referee of the sumo corner. However, I was not able to make use of the popularity in the election at all. All loses a 43rd member of the House of Representatives general election as Democratic Party ticket for the Upper House election for 2,003 years for 1,998 years though I join the Democratic Party after (I joined the Ozawa Liberal Party for this election formerly and should go as Liberal Party ticket, but I kicked it though I competed with Democratic Party existing candidate, and the run abandonment from the electoral district concerned was called for just before election by people reason merger and I left Ozawa and relied on an independent meeting), independent meeting extinction as independent meeting official recognition again and face the general election as Democratic Party official recognition from the different electoral district in 2005. The daughter is rich family Yuri of the ZST girl.
  • Field mansion cousin
Existing Your Party. I let I defeated the duty present post, and Kenichi Mizuno election measures room secretary general elect me by the 22nd member of the House of Councilors ordinary election wonderfully.
A member of the House of Councilors of the former alliance House of Councilors position. Election does not become the run in a general election from an independent meeting in 2000 either.
The citizen's meeting which makes beautiful (ちゅ) and others Island

Change of the party power

House of Representatives

Election Successful / candidate The fixed number Remarks
(at the time of the formation of a party) 4 (Awaya, Nakata, Tsuchiya, Sasaki) /- 500 　
The 42nd general election ○5 (Watanabe, Awaya, Nakata, Tsuchiya, Mimura) /9 480 June 25, 2000 vote (the first national election)
The 43rd general election ●1 (Watanabe) /8 480 I vote (2003) on November 9 in 2003 (the last national election). By defeat in this election, the organization was almost destroyed
  • According to the note above, Awaya retired, and, as for Sasaki, as for secession (substance, candidate of the forest LDP), Nakata, as for mayor, Tsuchiya, secession (LDP original expression joining a political party), Mimura became the governor
  • Note Watanabe did not seem to participate at the time of the formation of a party

House of Councilors

Election Successful / candidate Non-reelection The fixed number Remarks
(at the time of the formation of a party) 6 (Shiina, Tanabu, Matsuoka, Domoto, Mizuno, Iwamoto) /- - 252 　
The 19th ordinary election ●0/1 4 (Shiina, Tanabu, Matsuoka, Iwamoto) 247 I vote (2001) on July 29 in 2001
  • I am the field mansion cousin whom I supported with 1 in the proportional-representation constituency who lost in the 19th Upper House election for note 2,001 years. The field mansion contributed to governor election of Domoto in the officers of the citizen's group which helped with Chiba gubernatorial election of Domoto. Present Your Party position
  • The irrigation field made its debut for the governor's race by oneself, but I lose and just retire
  • The member of the House of Councilors who stayed in the party at a stage in note 2004 just chose politics retirement without going to the Upper House election in the 20th in the same year in 2004 although it was reelection. The independent meeting determined a solution party after the election and the ticket recommended a successor (not a blood relative) who succeeded the ground of representative first generation Shiina although I sent nobody in cooperation with the LDP and fought with the 20th Upper House election. It is the last fight of the independent meeting. However, I was defeated by the Democratic Party new face of the Ozawa direct descendant.

(references: in correction) "postwar period political history" August, 2004 by Masumi Ishikawa (Jiro Yamaguchi Iwanami Shoten, Iwanami new book, ISBN 4-00-430904-2)

前身

前身は1998年12月28日に結成された政党「参議院クラブ」である。代表は椎名素夫で、他は堂本暁子・水野誠一らにより結成された。堂本・水野は所属していた新党さきがけが、1998年10月20日にさきがけと改称した際、無所属となったためである（この時点でさきがけ解党とするのは誤りだが、実質的に解党したと見られていた）。のちに衆議院の議員も加わったため、無所属の会として組織変更したものである。

  • 注　院内会派としての「参議院クラブ」は、2000年に存在していた。無所属の会と自由党の統一会派である。

年表

  • 1999年12月結党。12月になったのは政党交付金受理の締め切りが迫っていたからであった。
  • 以後、上記のとおり、首長への転出や他党への入党などで、有力議員がどんどん離党していった。
  • 2003年の第43回総選挙で残された現職（柿澤ら）も新人候補者もすべて落選し、衆院議員は渡部ただ1人となってしまった。この時、党は民主党の4人の候補を推薦したが、反対にこちらはかなり勝っていた。選挙後、議員たちが離党した。その中には当時代表だった田名部匡省も含まれる（民主党に合流した）。
  • 党に残った参院議員はみな2004年に任期満了し、その2004年の第20回通常選挙に出馬せず引退することがわかった。（選挙後、政党の所属議員が1人だけになる可能性が高まった。）
  • 2004年6月20日、第20回通常選挙後に解党することを決定。
  • 第20回参院選挙で唯一の推薦候補が落選。これですべての仕事は終わり、解党した。
  • 解党後、党所属の渡部恒三が民主党に合流。

所在地

参議院が持つ二つの議員宿舎（清水谷と麹町宿舎）の中間点にある「紀尾井町パークサイド永谷」というマンションの一室。もちろん永田町（国会・議員会館・他政党）からも至近である。

類似の政党

「民主改革連合」と類似している。

  • 所属議員が何らかの事情があり既成政党に行けないためやむなく集まってきた
  • 党としての思想や政策に欠ける
  • 強力なリーダーにより牽引されていない
  • 党の運命が党外部の事情により強く左右される
  • 党代表が突然辞任し直後に他党に一兵卒として参加するという（支持者をないがしろにした）行動を取ることなど、が挙げられる。

他に、政策的な一致でなく選挙対策のために集まった政党として、1983年分裂直前の革新自由連合が挙げられる。この集団が1983年に集結したのは、そもそも、参議院全国区で上位当選をしてきたタレント議員たちが、1983年の参議院選挙制度改正（全国区の大選挙区の廃止。厳正拘束名簿式比例代表制導入）により、無所属のままでの全国区立候補ができなくなったため、今までと同じスタイルで選挙に立つための便宜的な「政党」を必要としていたからであった。同党は中山千夏が代表であったが、政治的主張がまったく異なる、自民党小渕派の八代英太（後の郵政大臣）や横山ノック（後の大阪府知事）が加入していた。

関連項目

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