The Emperor Sutoku
| The Emperor Sutoku | |
|---|---|
 崇徳上皇像 (from "emperor regent and the chief adviser to the Emperor Mikage") | |
| | |
| The name of an era | Tenji Oharu The Tensho era The Chosho era The Hoen era The Eiji era |
| Predecessors in the family line | The Emperor Toba |
| The next era | The Emperor Konoe |
| | |
| Birth | 1119July 7 |
| Demise | 1164September 14 Sanuki country |
| Imperial mausoleum place | 白峯陵 |
| Another name | The newly-retired emperor The House of Sanuki |
| Father | The Emperor Toba |
| Mother | Akiko Fujiwara |
| Honorific term for empress, for dowager empress, for grand-dowager empress | Seiko Fujiwara |
| Children | His Imperial Highness Prince Shigehito 覚恵 |
The Emperor Sutoku (すとくてんのう, Genei May 28, 2 (July 7, 1119) - Chokan era August 26, 2 (September 14, 1164)) Japanese the 75th Emperor (reign preservation February 19, 4 (March 18, 1123) - Eiji era first year December 7 (January 5, 1142)). I was called the House of newly-retired emperor, Sanuki after abdication. 諱 is called 顕仁 (space person).
Prince royal of the Emperor Toba. Mother honorific term for empress, for dowager empress, for grand-dowager empress, Akiko Fujiwara (待賢門院).
Table of contents
Brief career history
Childish emperor
I am born (1119) on May 28 for Genei two years and receive nomination of an Imperial prince on June 19. I became the Crown Prince (1123) on 28th for New Year holidays for preservation four years and succeeded to the throne by abdication of the Emperor Toba on the same day on 践祚, February 19. Seiko Fujiwara (皇嘉門院) who is (1129), the eldest daughter of kampaku, Tadamichi Fujiwara does 入内 for Oharu four years. On July 7, the same year, the Shirakawa pope dies, and Toba ex-emperor starts Insei. As for (1130), Seiko, it was done 冊立 for Oharu five years, the following day by the Empress. The conjugal relations with Emperor and Seiko were good, but 忠通 held discomfort with Seiko when the child was not born, and wife, 兵衛佐局 laid prince royal, the Shigehito Imperial prince of the Emperor (1140) on September 2 for Hoen era six years [1]. It is guessed that it is caused by this that 忠通 regarded 崇徳上皇 and His Imperial Highness Prince Shigehito with hostility in a revolt of Hogen. On the other hand, after there was this matter, 崇徳上皇 and Seiko always act until a revolt of Hogen together, and couple relations harmonious basically are considered to have continued [2].
The Toba ex-emperor after the Insei start favored Tokushi Fujiwara (beautiful fortune Empress Dowager), and approached the Emperor Sutoku by abdication (1141) on December 7 the Eiji era first year, and let 体仁親王 of the profit child place student succeed to the throne (the Emperor Konoe); [explanatory note 1]. Because 体仁親王 became an adopted child of honorific term for empress, for dowager empress, for grand-dowager empress, Seiko Fujiwara of 崇徳上皇, and it was thought that was an adopted child to the Emperor Sutoku, should have been "the Crown Prince", but was written down in the Imperial edict of the abdication with "皇太弟" ("愚管抄" "now mirror"); [explanatory note 2]. The Emperor was a younger brother, and future Insei was impossible, and this abdication became the big grudge for 崇徳上皇. 崇徳上皇 moved to Torihata central palace and came to be called the newly-retired emperor.
Ex-emperor without the real power
Sutokuin held a poem competition from all over the reign frequently, but I was devoted to the world of the 31-syllable Japanese poem after having become an ex-emperor, and I made "100 Kyuan era", and a collection did "a decorative words sum songbook". Because the Toba pope was not eager in a 31-syllable Japanese poem, the song footpace at the time unfolded around Sutokuin. I contacted the pope in a generous manner officially for Sutokuin and made His Imperial Highness Prince Shigehito who was the prince royal of Sutokuin the adopted child of the beautiful fortune Empress Dowager. The succession to the Imperial Throne to His Imperial Highness Prince Shigehito was in this way enabled when the Emperor Konoe passed away without an heir. In addition, on the occasion of a meeting with the Emperor royal visit of the Emperor Konoe, the pope lets an ex-emperor attend it with a beautiful fortune Empress Dowager ("our country century"), and let Seiko who is the Empress of the ex-emperor live together with the Emperor as mother, and place Sutokuin as existence to still follow parents of the Emperor or it [explanatory note 3], and, in this time when the Emperor Konoe was in good health, Sutokuin is considered to be existence to support Insei Toba, and there is the opinion which there was not in the situation that is still serious as for neither opposition [2]; [3] [2].
The sickly Emperor Konoe passed away at 17 years old (1155) on July 23 for Kyuju two years, and a king agreement to decide the succeeding Emperor was opened. His Imperial Highness Prince Shigehito was the most influential for a candidate, but will succeed to the throne at 29 years old without the Masahito Imperial prince of father doing official investiture of the Crown Prince as a relief before 守仁親王 (the later Emperor Nijo) which is another adopted child of the beautiful fortune Empress Dowager succeeding to the throne (the Emperor Goshirakawa). Oneself falls into a difficult situation by opposition with beautiful fortune Empress Dowager feeling uneasy about that it is done 掣肘, father, Tadazane Fujiwara and younger brother, 頼長, and 崇徳上皇 is supposed regarding 兵衛佐局, the Shigehito Imperial prince in the background that you should have believed when the Emperor Konoe died by a curse of Yorinaga Fujiwara near 崇徳上皇 as for the Toba pope and the beautiful fortune Empress Dowager ("a description of level") by 崇徳院政 when there was the stratagem of sincerity west and others to aim at the grasp of the power in Tadamichi Fujiwara who does not think well, the husbands of the nurse of the Masahito Imperial prince. In addition, when 守仁親王 succeeded to the throne promptly, 崇徳上皇 which became the only House when the Toba pope passed away before the adult might become you you of 治天, but the possibility was denied because in father and the Masahito Imperial prince who came of age succeeded to the throne [2]. The wish of 崇徳院政 was in this way smashed into pieces.
Revolt of Hogen
The Toba pope fell illness (1156) in May in the Hogen first year and passed away in 刻 (about 4:00 p.m.) of the monkey on July 2. Sutokuin was visited to visit it just before the end, but was not able to meet it. According to "by folk history," it is said that the pope left it to consider a leaf room of the aide, and not to show a corpse of oneself in Sutokuin in one. Sutokuin returned to the Torihata central palace in indignation. The pope passes away, and the situation takes a sudden turn soon. An escort of court official, Takashina Toshinari and Yoshitomo Minamotono broke into plus residence, Higashisanjo of the regency family, and forfeit came to do a residence at the same time as the rumor "that I wanted when I did ex-emperor Minister of the Left kindred spirit and uttered the military and I inclined and did not present a nation" was drained on July 5, and notice of order (imperial decree) of the Emperor Goshirakawa who stopped that Tadazane Fujiwara, 頼長 gathered soldiers from the manor on July 8 of the service held on the seventh day after a person's death of the pope was given to the countries. As for these measures, the authority of the pope is regarded as a preemptive attack by beautiful fortune Empress Dowager, Tadamichi Fujiwara, House trusted vassals that suppressed Sutokuin, Yorinaga Fujiwara on a shield.
Sutokuin got away from the Torihata central palace with few aides and, during the night of July 9, broke into the Imperial Palace of the Her Imperial Highness Princess Tsunako in eastern Kyoto Shirakawa. There was it in a "description of soldier example" same day article saying "it is top and bottom strangeness and friend and acquaintance to make-free", and the Shigehito Imperial prince of the child did not go together, too and the action was sudden and was unexpected. There was not the direct attack for Sutokuin, but a rumor of "the ex-emperor Minister of the Left kindred spirit" has already spread in the world, and it is thought that I carried out escape because there was the danger that is restricted if I just remain in Toba.
On 10th, the following day, Yorinaga Fujiwara visits the capital from Uji, and white Kawakita receives it, and samurais such as Norinaga Fujiwara or 平家弘, Tameyoshi Minamotono, Tadamasa Tairano who are the aide of Sutokuin gather it. Because the military power that came in 崇徳上皇方 was very small and weak, and Tadamori Tairano that Sutokuin was dead was the tutelage of the His Imperial Highness Prince Shigehito, I hung the faintest hope in child, Kiyomori of 忠盛 supporting it. A nurse, the pond nun of the His Imperial Highness Prince Shigehito predicted defeat of ex-emperors and commanded Yorimori Tairano of the child to cooperate with Kiyomori ("愚管抄"). The Emperor Goshirakawa mobilizes a samurai as "this day next の rumor, place or ("description of soldier example" July 10 article) to be already found out" by the movement of Sutokuin and, on the early morning of 11th, hangs a night attack to white Kawakita. White Kawakita was burnt down and Sutokuin got away from the Imperial Palace and disappeared.
Sanuki banishment to an island
Sutokuin that escaped on 13th appears in Ninna-ji Temple and asks 覚性法親王 of the of the same mother younger brother for an intercession. However, because 覚性 declined a proposal, Sutokuin moved to an old bunch of 寛遍法務 and was put under the observation of source Shigenari. On 23rd, Sutokuin was put on the wickerwork carriage which dozens of samurais surrounded and went down it to the Sanuki country by ship from Toba. The banishment to an island of the Emperor or the ex-emperor was an event for the first time in approximately 400 years since Awaji country banishment to an island of the Emperor Junnin in the revolt of Nakamaro Fujiwara. It was only 兵衛佐局 of 寵妃 and a few wives to have gone together. I never set foot on the ground of Kyoto and passed away at 46 years old (1164) afterwards on August 26 for Chokan era two years eight years later. For another view, was assassinated by 三木近安 which was an assassinator from Kyoto; is turned on.
Life in the banishment to an island point
Sutokuin devoted itself to Buddhism deeply in the house arrest life in the Sanuki country and, according to "Hogen story," prayed for Land of Happiness death and I passed through five schools Onori and devoted myself to the making of manuscript of (a Lotus Sutra, Avatamska Sutra, Mahayana Sutras, 大集経, a great article demoness passes) (different in books whether you wrote whether you wrote it with blood with a sumi) and after holding it out, I doubted 後白河院 saying "a curse may be loaded" with and refused this and sent back a manuscript to the Imperial Court when I wanted you to put the memorial service of the person killed in action and identification of にと of the reflection, five finished manuscripts in the temple of Kyoto. Sutokuin that was angry at this intensely bites off a tongue, and "it is disturbance of malignant demons very much of Japan, and I take 皇 and do it with people, and "this pass, and 皇 and which I do not do it write in people" at を evil course with blood in a manuscript saying I do a memorial service" (I obtain it and grow on), and I continue stretching out a nail and hair, and it is in the figure like the demon, and it is said to a long-nosed goblin that it was while growing later.
On the other hand, in a "now mirror" "tideway of すべらぎの 中第二八重," there is not the story such as anger and the grudge against person that banishment to an island did oneself although it is written down that the disease got heavy year by year too much of the sadness in the life that is lonely saying "I let you pass through 添 in world のあまりにや, 御病 string year and become heavy and can run over 給". In addition, there is not the state that held a grudge even if the feelings of the grief are indicated even if I see a song called "思 ひやれ capital はるかにおきつ Hattachi ちへだてたるこころぼそさを" ("a culture sum songbook") which Sutokuin really wrote in a banishment to an island point. It is contrastive with "a rough ordinary cold of the sea of Oki blowing carefully われこそはにいじま 守", and Toba ex-emperor leaving ("100 deportation") and the song which rose to have square it after it was done banishment to an island in a revolt of Shokyu by the Oki country.
Sutokuin gains 1 man one girl between a daughter of intricate design Takatou of the Kokufu government official at the Sanuki Tsuzumioka tree ノ-maru Imperial Palace of the banishment to an island point.
Vindictive spirit legend
A revolt of Hogen terminated, and Sutokuin was treated as a criminal for a while. An Imperial edict ("peaceful literary remains" 2848) that declared victory of the Emperor Goshirakawa loudly shows it. When Sutokuin passed away in Sanuki country, "太上皇無服仮乃儀" (there are no 太上皇 (崇徳上皇), matter of clothes temporary (mourning)) ("百錬抄") and 後白河院 ignored the death, and funeral rites were only performed by a provincial governor so that there was it with "付国司行彼葬礼, own court noble no it case" (I perform funeral rites of (崇徳上皇) following a provincial governor, and there is more no incident than a court noble) ("皇代記"), and there were not the measures by the Imperial Court. A return to Tokyo is permitted banishment to an island done Norinaga Fujiwara and others, and, as for the recognition of the Imperial Court which assumes Sutokuin a criminal, there was not the thing that the divisional commander of the child of Yorinaga Fujiwara changes even if it is to an aide of 後白河院. Naturally I was not conscious about the vindictive spirit of Sutokuin either.
However, the situation changes completely when it is (1177) for Yasumoto three years. This age had a direct petition of Enryaku-ji Temple, a big fire of Yasumoto, the plot of the deer ケ valley in succession, and social stability collapsed, and it was the opening of the prolonged disturbance. There is it in "description of asininity" Yasumoto May 9, 3 article saying "there is the reason doubt of the fault such as people of evil deed him of the world in so and so in this few days when it is the House of Sanuki and Uji Minister of the Left, and there should be an incident", and after that the article about the vindictive spirit of Sutokuin comes to appear quite frequently in a noble diary. According to the "description of asininity" May 13 article, it is said that Sutokuin and a vindictive spirit of Yorinaga Fujiwara have already become the problem in the last year. In (1176), the House of House of Empress Dowager, Takamatsu, Article 6, an Article 9 House dies in succession in-based spring for Yasumoto two years. Because people near 後白河 and 忠通 died in succession, a vindictive spirit of 崇徳 and 頼長 begins to be conscious of, and it is thought that great event successive occurrence in the next year accelerated it. About the vindictive spirit of 崇徳, it is written down that I insisted that Norinaga Fujiwara should enshrine Sutokuin and a demon of 頼長 in the article as a divine spirit (1184) on April 15 for "Yoshinori" Juei era three years, and the catholicos which is an ex-aide is considered to have been concerned with the formation deeply. After I was cornered mentally, the Shirakawa House destroyed an Imperial edict of Hogen for a vindictive spirit requiem, and the another name of the nobleman who erected a temple of "the House of Sanuki" was checked in "Sutokuin" on August 3, and it was done 追贈 original first place Prime Minister by 頼長 ("百錬抄").
"Sutokuin joss house" (のちの Awata shrine) was installed in Haruhikawara that was the historic battleground of the revolt of Hogen (1184) on April 15 for Juei era three years. This shrine declined after Onin War, and I was unified in the astronomy year by Hirano Corporation. In addition, it is said to the realizing immediately temple (current 白峯寺) built just after demise near Misasagi by local people that protection of bureaucrats was given.
The image of Sutokuin as the vindictive spirit colonizes and is described as a vindictive spirit in "Tales of Moonlight and Rain" ("白峯") which is an early modern literary work, "camellia theory waxing moon" and is often used as a motif of the vindictive spirit in various works in the present age.
On the other hand, I come to appear in the legend to be a guardian angel of the whole Shikoku in history. After playing the biwa to cheer up the soul when a soil gate of a palace ex-emperor (great-grandchild of the Shirakawa House) exiled to the Tosa country in a revolt of Shokyu was on the way and went along the neighborhood of Misasagi of the Emperor Sutoku, I promised the protection of the family whom the Emperor Sutoku appeared in the dream and left for the capital with an ex-emperor. It is called afterwards that the Emperor Gosaga who was the orphan of the ex-emperor got the Throne by recommendation of the Kamakura Shogunate. In addition, it is said that veneration was considered to be it as Hosokawa successive guardian deity since I start Shikoku subjugation after praying for the Emperor Sutoku when Yoriyuki Hosokawa who was a governor-general of the Kanto area of the Muromachi Shogunate became the protection of Shikoku and succeed (together "guardian deity of seafarers prayer pictorial description of noted places "・" Shiramine temple omen" [4]).
明治天皇は慶応4年（1868年）8月18日に自らの即位の礼を執り行うに際して勅使を讃岐に遣わし、崇徳天皇の御霊を京都へ帰還させて白峯神宮を創建した。
昭和天皇は崇徳天皇八百年祭に当たる昭和39年（1964年）に、香川県坂出市の崇徳天皇陵に勅使を遣わして式年祭を執り行わせている。
血書五部大乗経
『保元物語』にある五部大乗経の存在を語る唯一の史料は、以下の記事である。
『吉記』 寿永2年（1183年）7月16日条崇徳院讃岐において、御自筆血をもって五部大乗経を書かしめ給ひ、件の経奥に、理世後生の料にあらず、天下を滅亡すべきの趣、注し置かる。件の経伝はりて元性法印のもとにあり。この旨を申さるるにより、成勝寺において供養せらるべきの由、右大弁をもって左少弁光長に仰せらる。彼怨霊を得道せしめんがためか。…
内容は、後白河が五部大乗経の存在を聞いて弁官に供養のための願文を起草することを命じたものである。この時期は怨霊鎮魂のため、菅原道真の例に倣い崇徳を神として祀るべきとする意見が出されていたものの、実現には至っていなかった（『吉記』寿永元年6月21日条）。それから程なく、後白河は神祠（崇徳院廟）の建立を命じる院宣を下している（『玉葉』寿永2年8月15日条）。崇徳が崩御して19年も経過してから経典が出てくるのは不自然であり、経典の実物を見た人もいないことから、血書五部大乗経は存在しなかったとする説もある（山田雄司 『崇徳院怨霊の研究』思文閣出版、2001年）。
歌
- 詞花和歌集（八代集の第六）の勅撰を命じる。仁平元年（1151年）に完成奏覧。選者藤原顕輔。
- 千載和歌集（八代集の第七）に23首入集。
- 久安百首
- 小倉百人一首から。
- 山家集から
- あるとき（1141年以降）西行にゆかりの人物（藤原俊成説がある）が崇徳院の勅勘を賜った際、許しを請うと次の歌を詠まれた。
- 最上川 つなでひくとも いな舟の しばしがほどは いかりおろさむ
- 意：最上川では上流へ遡行させるべく稲舟をおしなべて引っ張っていることだが、その稲舟の「いな」のように、しばらくはこのままでお前の願いも拒否しょう。舟が碇を下ろし動かないように。
- 対して西行は次の返歌を詠んだ。
- つよくひく 綱手と見せよ もがみ川 その稲舟の いかりをさめて
- 意：最上川の稲舟の碇を上げるごとく、「否」と仰せの院のお怒りをおおさめ下さいまして、稲舟を強く引く綱手をご覧下さい（私の切なるお願いをおきき届け下さい）。
- あるとき（1141年以降）西行にゆかりの人物（藤原俊成説がある）が崇徳院の勅勘を賜った際、許しを請うと次の歌を詠まれた。
系譜
鳥羽天皇と中宮・藤原璋子（待賢門院）の第一皇子であるが、『古事談』には、崇徳天皇は白河法皇と璋子が密通して生まれた子であり、鳥羽天皇は崇徳天皇を「叔父子」と呼んで忌み嫌っていたという逸話が記されている。ただしこれは『古事談』のみの記述であり、真偽は不明である。
系図
| | (71)後三条天皇 | | (72)白河天皇 | | (73)堀河天皇 | | (74)The Emperor Toba | | (75)崇徳天皇 | | His Imperial Highness Prince Shigehito | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| | | | | 覚行法親王 | | | 最雲法親王 | | | (77)後白河天皇 | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| | | 実仁親王 | | | 覚法法親王 | | | (76)The Emperor Konoe | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| | | | | 媞子内親王 (郁芳門院) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| | | 輔仁親王 | | (源)有仁 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| | | 篤子内親王 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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后妃・皇子女
在位中の元号
陵・霊廟
陵（みささぎ）は、香川県坂出市青海町にある白峯陵（しらみねのみささぎ）に治定されている。公式形式は方丘。香川県の中央に位置する連山五色台の西側、白峰の北側中腹標高260m地点に位置し、四国八十八箇所第八十一番札所白峯寺に隣接している。かつてアクセスはその白峯寺へ至る遍路道や登山道が専らであり、このように山中に位置していることからも容易でなかったが、戦後になって県道180号鴨川停車場五色台線が整備されたことから自動車でのアクセスが可能となった。
崩御地である四国・讃岐に所在し、埋葬者が不確定な陵墓参考地を除くと四国で唯一の天皇陵である。また、歴代天皇の陵墓はそのほとんどが都の置かれていた奈良県、大阪府、京都府の畿内[注釈 4] と現在の皇居がある東京都に位置しており、都が置かれたことの無い地にある天皇陵は兵庫県南あわじ市の淳仁天皇淡路陵と山口県下関市の安德天皇、そしてこの白峯陵の3ヶ所のみである（宮内庁治定のものとして）。
脚注
注釈
- ^ 重仁親王の生母である兵衛佐殿は身分が低すぎ、かつ体仁親王の立太子後の誕生であったために、重仁親王は崇徳天皇在位中は皇位継承の候補者には成りえなかった。また、保延年間以降、崇徳天皇が政務に参加するとともに人事などを巡って父院と対立が生じたとされる（佐伯智広「鳥羽院政期の王家と皇位継承」）。
- ^ ただし、『本朝続文粋』に所収されている藤原頼長の左近衛大将上表文の文中から頼長が「皇太子傅」を兼任していたのことが判明することから、体仁親王の地位を確定する立太子の宣命には「皇太子」と明記されていたと推定され、譲位の宣命の表現にどれだけ有効性があるか疑問視する見方もある（佐伯智広「鳥羽院政期の王家と皇位継承」）。
- ^ 佐伯智広は近衛天皇が崇徳上皇との父子関係を維持しなければならない理由として、待賢門院流所領の継承問題があるとする。これは藤原璋子（待賢門院）から長男である崇徳上皇に継承された御願寺とその所領、崇徳上皇自身の御願寺である成勝寺とその所領などから成り、近衛天皇より先に崇徳上皇が没していればそれらの所領は「子」とみなされる近衛天皇が相続し得たとする。同様に近衛天皇没後に守仁親王ではなく父親で崇徳上皇とは同母弟であった雅仁親王が即位した理由も守仁親王に待賢門院流所領の継承資格を保持させるために雅仁からの父子継承を必要とし、別に近衛天皇の同母妹である姝子内親王との婚姻や同母姉である八条院の准母待遇を設定する事で彼女達の権利を相続する形で美福門流所領に対する継承権も与えようとしたと説く（佐伯智広「鳥羽院政期の王家と皇位継承」）。
- ^ そのうち滋賀県大津市の弘文天皇長等山前陵と京都府京都市右京区京北（旧丹波国）の後花園天皇後山國陵は畿外であるが、いずれも都の至近に位置している。
参考文献
- 山田雄司 『崇徳院怨霊の研究』思文閣出版、2001年。
- 竹田恒泰 『怨霊になった天皇』小学館、2009年。
- 岩波文庫 『山家集』
- 新潮社 『日本古典集成 山家集』
外部リンク
関連項目
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