National Police Agency wide area important designation case
Police system (the Japanese police) of the all over Japan takes the cooperation system, and the National Police Agency wide area important designation case (けいさつちょうこういきじゅうようしていじけん) is the case that it was appointed what I investigate.
Table of contents
Commentary
When the case thought to be the crime by the same criminal happens in the plural metropolis and districts or the number of crimes is one case, but the case that called for cooperation in the metropolis and districts Police organization of other jurisdiction in a process of the investigation becomes a target of the designation, and the National Police Agency is decided. Therefore even if a case does not occur in the plural metropolis and districts, the appointed case rarely exists, but does not become a target of the designation basically if it is the case that is anticipated when the number of crimes remains even for a plural number in one metropolis and districts.
However, because National Police Agency wide area important designation case includes the case that is not appointed by the case that occurred in the plural metropolis and districts. That is why there is not the clear definition. (later description)
In addition, Yokosuka Line train blast case was an independent case, but became a target of the designation. In addition, as for the Kiyotaka Katsuta case, only a handgun robbery and the robbery casualties case using it that occurred from 1982 through 1983 become a target designated, and seven other robbery and murder and a little less than 300 theft cases do not become a target of the designation. Death sentences are below Katsuta by two cases each.
History of the establishment
"An important suspect special summary" to be able to tell to be the forerunner of the current rule in 1956 is established. It starts in those days because it often disturbed the investigation without being turf-conscious, and getting cooperation at the time of wide area case outbreak between each local police in order to solve such a situation.
On April 13, 1964, "a wide area important event special investigation summary" is established. It becomes the contents strengthening unification of cooperation and the information between areas in comparison with an important suspect special summary, and this is a rule to appoint a wide area important event. That the influence of the Akira Nishiguchi case that happened for the establishment of this summary from October, 1963 through January, 1964 is big [1].
On May 8, 1974, I shift to "a wide area important investigation summary". I limit a designated case to "the big brutal or specific important の case of the social reaction".
On October 12, 1981, I build more "associate designation systems". I am applied for the case that the need of the case that may develop into a designated case in the future and the wide area investigation produced.
List of designated cases
List of National Police Agency wide area important designation cases
Designation Number
The designation date
Case
Toll
Damage amount of money
Suspect
101
November 1, 1964
れんそくかつこう / continuation school safeblowing case
19,380,000 yen
Penal servitude 2007
102
July 4, 1964
れんそくかんこうちよう / continuation government offices safeblowing case
The death penalty three death penalty (all three people die of an illness before the execution), three imprisonment for life, death from an illness during the one trial
In addition, Tranpedia is simply not responsible for any show is only by translating the writings of foreign licenses that are compatible with CC-BY-SA license information.
Filmized novel "presumption of innocence" is considered to be a masterpiece in Japan and the nonfiction of a novel and two products of six products is higher than 25 countries and is published translation globally and is a popularity writer published more than 25 million copies in total.
For a lawyer, I was appointed from Illinois Governor George Ryan by the death penalty question committee and drafted a report (report) and carried a part to lead Governor Ryan to all the condemned criminals mitigation of penalty, the capital punishment stop declaration (2002).
I decide to resign from Stanford University, and to plan turnover in the legal circles and enter Harvard Law School in 1975. Before entrance to school, I concluded a contract to write nonfiction writing about the first first grade in the law school, and to publish with a publishing company. The ibidem that the writing was One L (Japanese title "one year of the Harvard law school my trial") was published in 1977. In 1978, I graduate from Harvard Law School and acquire a Juri's doctor (equivalent to a Japanese legal affairs doctor). In the same year, it is adopted by the Chicago district federation prosecution station assistant public prosecutor and works until 1986. For the assistant public prosecutor, I was in charge of the well-known corruption case including the state Attorney General William Scott fraud case. In addition, I give operation gray road cases known as the bribe of the judicial officer who got up in Chicago and the corruption of the state judge an aggressive advice.
I resigned from the assistant public prosecutor with Presumed Innocent ("presumption of innocence") which I wrote during federal prosecution local existence job having become the bestseller and started writer activity.
As of 2005, I live in the suburbs of Chicago having the family of the child of wife, three.
Writer activity
According to the list of annual bestseller novels of the New York Times (List of bestselling novels in the United States), eighth place, Personal Injuries ("a decoy lawyer") serve as entering bestseller third place, Pleading Guilty ("guilty plea") seventh place, The Burden of Proof ("a burden of proof") Presumed Innocent ("presumption of innocence") in 1993 in 1990 in 1987, too. I took away the magazine thyme on a cover dated June 11, 1990 and described it as "the poet of the suit era".
After a writer activity start, I undertake free defense (professional Bono) as Lawyer partner of the ソネンシャイン eggplant Rosenthal international law office of Chicago and engage in defense activity. I spared most time in the retrial about two death penalty cases to mention later. The United States of the assistant public prosecutor era did not have the capital punishment, but the death penalty revives in 1988, and the death penalty is applied broadly from 1994. I was not able to have art (means) to explain when a capital punishment brought a good thing for society although I did not object to the death penalty daringly while feeling that a capital punishment was barbarian as for the toe low through the student, apprentice of go era.
The blindness in one eye of the retrial catches the defense lawyer of the condemned criminal Alex Hel naan death (Alejandro Hernandez) in 1994 and leaves it and I uncover many facts such as the evidence forgery by a prosecutor and the police officer, dew process disregard and prove a false accusation and I overturn final and conclusive judgment in 1995 and gain innocence and let you put an end to the condemned criminal life for 11 years of the Hel naan death and let you release it. As for the toe low, a prosecutor and a police officer and a jury took wrong evidence seriously by this false accusation case, and an investigation government official learned a fact to dye a hand from an evidence forgery more.
It was robbery and murder case, but there is not the intention of the killing at first and, as a result, I receive a defense lawyer of condemned criminal Chris Thomas (Christopher Thomas) for the accidental murder in 1996 and entrust the second. When there was disproportion of the assessment of a case between a crime and impulsive murder on having continued having in the timing of the crime or the urge to kill, it felt it, and this was because it had a question in a standard to apply the death penalty. I came to recognize the reality that I received it, and assessment of a case depended on the essential accidental condition in the judiciary processing depending on disproportion and a case of the assessment of a case by a race, the sex as for the toe low during the job of this case. As a result of defense lawyer toe low and others being a petition for emergency salvation, and having pressured it to work on a retrial after death penalty final and conclusive judgment, I authorize it when a prosecutor forces testimony becoming disadvantageous to Thomas in December, 1999, and the Lake county circuit court violated a right of Thomas. I overturned a death sentence of Thomas and became the judgment to mitigate a sentence of for penal servitude 100 years. Thomas may be released at 71 years old by a being under sentence manner.
Republican George Ryan (George H. Ryan) who was Secretary of State takes office as Illinois Governor in January, 1999. Ryan vetoes it during the next term in office to break off the subsidy for the abortion and, in support of against firearms possession, will take the route of the left, but I raise capital punishment support by the governor's race strongly and am elected you. In the case of a governor's race, the toe low examined an election issue, and the nominal Democrat did not support it and supported Ryan.
During holding the office of Ryan, many false accusations and assessment of a case injustice were found out by a death penalty case in Illinois, and it was estimated that the ratio reached a one-third, and it was a big problem to shake the state. Therefore Ryan declares a stop of the execution in January, 2000 and installs a death penalty advisory committee to constitute in 14 people including 12 lawyers and one member of the Upper House at the same time. The advisory committee submitted a report (report) including the advice suggestion (in 90% of them a committee unanimous agreement) of 85 items to the governor on April 15, 2002. Toe low drafts the report. As a result, Ryan decided an amnesty (the release) by the reason of all mitigation of penalty of 167 condemned criminals or innocence in January, 2003.
The toe low became an abolition of capital punishment debater by the activity as the question committee for 2 years. In October, 2002 after the question report presentation, I publish novel Reversible errors ("a death sentence") which got an idea for the false accusation case of the Alex Hel naan death. Furthermore, in October, 2003, I publish what toe low experienced over the death penalty, having learned or Ultimate Punishment:A Lawyer's Reflections on Dealing with the Death Penalty ("contemplation Iwanami Shoten of the means Risshu sect over the maximum penalty death penalty") which thereby spelled the changing process of the way of thinking for the death penalty.
September, 2000 "decoy lawyer" (Kei Ninomiya reason), Bungeishunju Ltd., ISBN 4163195009 / sentence spring library: In November, 2004, it is the top: ISBN 4167661802, a bottom: ISBN 4167661810
November, 2005 "contemplation (Makoto Ibusuki, Naoko Iwakawa, coreason) of the means Risshu sect over the maximum penalty death penalty", Iwanami Shoten, ISBN 4000225456
The original work: Ultimate Punishment:A Lawyer's Reflections on Dealing with the Death Penalty, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, Oct 10 2003, ISBN 0374703191 / Pan MacMillan, Jan 2004, ISBN 0330426885 / Picador, Aug 2004, ISBN 031242373X
Original work Innocent, Grand Central Publishing, May 2011, ISBN 9780446562416
Japanese translation non-publication
November, 2005 Ordinary Heroes, Farrar Straus & Giroux, ISBN 0374184216
In November, 2006 Limitations, Picador USA/Farrar Straus and Giroux, November 2006 ISBN 0312426453 (Paperback), Center Point Large Print, December 2006, ISBN 1585478644 (Large Print)
In addition, Tranpedia is simply not responsible for any show is only by translating the writings of foreign licenses that are compatible with CC-BY-SA license information.
Please see "an executioner" (novel) about the novel of Don Pendleton.
The executioner who holds artifact of a severed head punishment in France in 1617
An executioner (しけいしっこうにん British: Executioner) is a person carrying out the death penalty for the criminal whom the death penalty established by a trial. I am called a popular name "execution person". In addition, I may be used as a metaphor indicating a case and the killer used as a name of the judges of the high rank executing a criminal as a feudal meaning.
I describe a person carrying out the death penalty as government affairs by the procedure that the law determines here.
Table of contents
General statement
It is the person who the executioner receives the death sentences of the court, and performs execution (usually kind of the public employee). The penalty to carry out performs the execution of the corporal punishment in the country receiving the corporal punishment such as beatings as well as the death penalty.
An executioner speaking it here is a person appointed definitely from the country by an executioner, and the public employee who performs the execution for of duties to accompany it like a Japanese correction officer does not include it. It was a complete public employee in United States or Germany, but the form like the outside trust supplier was near rather than a public employee in France.
There is not the execution every day, and the number decreases indeed in modern times, and it is not unusual for there not to be work of the execution at all more than one year. Therefore European executioners usually perform side businesses, and, in the United States, an executioner is often one of the side business or accompaniment duties.
The executioner in Europe has been inherited by a hereditary system system. It is often found that a hereditary system continues regardless of political system from the national establishment to the abolition of the recent capital punishment in most countries in Europe. An executioner in Europe is treated as a kind of cover discrimination people, and this receives strong discrimination in operation and the marriage and depends on having disturbed that non-specific whole families takes an executioner. Even in the country where political system changes suddenly many times like Germany and France, the authorized whole families last for several hundred years in a hereditary system system and succeed.
The examples that execution did the human being of the viewpoint that I sentenced to death later occurred successively in history, and the European executioner has been repeated from Robespierre to Naziswar crime many times in history. I was in a position citizen-like in the politics inviolability while there being no example that an executioner was executed by political struggle, and being the situation that executed a human being defeated by a political struggle, and a state "to change as for the execution person that the administrator to sentence to death changed, but carried out" continued.
Because there are not the whole families whom you should succeed to at the rising nations such as the United States, some Mr. peace officer are appointed in additional posts by an executioner without being succeeded to. Therefore, as for the American successive executioners, all the members are real another person.
All the countries of the world
in Japan
The whole families of the executioner of the Edo era, a hereditary system of Asaemon Yamada continued in Japan until the Meiji era, but a correction officer performs it as a part of government affairs after the Meiji era, and a system not to appoint a specific executioner continues to date.
in the U.K.
It is beginning まりだといわれている to have let instead of postponing the death penalty, and exempting a condemned criminal in the origin of the executioner in the U.K., you hold the death penalty of other condemned criminals. The death penalty by the citizen was introduced not the death penalty by the condemned criminal later, and executioners came to be recruited by a commoner. As for the reason, finding employment to an executioner, the magnification seemed to be unexpectedly high in those days even if five a week letters desired arrived.
Therefore a British executioner has few hereditary systems unlike France or Germany. It has only two cases of Gregory Brandon and Richard Brandon, Henry ピエレポイント and Albert ピエレポイント to have become an executioner following the next of the parent. There is no example that lasted three generations in a history in the U.K. (Arthur Ellis is another person with John Ellis).
The reward of the British executioner was a commission system, and a reward and the travel expenses were paid every one execution. I sold the rope which I used for hanging as additional income, but am prohibited later.
Artifact of a severed head punishment is abolished in Lord the eleventh Robert Simon Fraser (Simon Fraser, 11th Lord Lovat) of April 9, 1747 last in the U.K., and, as for the method of the death penalty, it is only hanging after it was modern times. Therefore the British executioner is called by another name of the hangman (committing suicide by hanging oneself person). The form of the hanging remains as custom today in India or Singapore which were an ex-colony.
The period when the age was included in duties as an executioner
I adopt a system same as the U.K. basically in Canada. The method of the death penalty was only hanging, and the executioner was called a committing suicide by hanging oneself person (hangman).
"Arthur Ellis" became the pronoun of the executioner in Canada, but the person called Arthur Ellis did not really exist, and plural executioners only gave their false name of Arthur Ellis. The origin of the name shares John Ellis who is a British famous executioner.
Execution by the British style hanging is carried out as one country of the Commonwealth of Nations in Singapore. There is globally much number of death penalties in Singapore, and an executioner is busy. I have called an executioner from Malaysia to hold the death penalty in Singapore in the past.
I called the electrical engineer who performed the execution by the electric chair "the electrical engineer (State electricians) of the state". It was an additional post with Mr. peace officer not exclusive duty. The executioner is not for hanging, a gas chamber, poisoning only in an electric chair, and a correction officer performs that there is an executioner formally in the United States like Japan.
I may appear in the story including "ダルタニャン story" "Ann boo phosphorus" of the French Revolution thing and, in that case, am often made Japanese translation with "a headsman".
The French executioner was endowed socially economically. The Samsons got assets on the side business as the doctor as such, but was often poor economically. I am seen with prejudice and eyes of the contempt socially, and there was not the thing that I am never assumed honor. I got remuneration for labor from the government economically, but I did a side business from place of the constipated station, Charles Samson de Ron Val to Marcel Chevallier for more than 300 years and supported living without being able to say enough sums.
The executioner after World War II in particular usually did factory workers of the factories without making you it for a proper occupation poorly. Andre Obrecht uses up the vacation as the factory worker who was the side business including the year when annual execution was to 19 people and had you ask a government official of Ministry of Justice and persuade a company manager, but there is the anecdote that carried out the death penalty leaving the company after all.
All records are shown who performed execution of whom institutionally in France in what time. Because the full name of the executioner was opened to the public, I have been considered to be a target of the mass media from the times in the Middle Ages. It has been public execution, and a picture and the photograph of the executioner often appear in the mass media until just before World War II. In monsieur de Paris, all the members are in particular it in some kind of interviewed records in the media. In the times when an idea of the privacy was thin, I have been exposed to public scorn from a family tree to a resume in media. Therefore, there are many examples that a family and the relative of the executioner committed suicide.
Organization
The French executioner constituted the organization such as the trade association, and executioner and Mr. of the whole land of France executioner joined it, and monsieur de Paris was the representative of the organization. Because the executioner was evaded by a commoner, the marriage was carried out in this association. I had the duty as the educational institution to children of the general executioner who could not go to school, and the education level exceeded the general school in those days and amounted to the reading and writing, law, medicine, fencing of French and the Latin. I saw the trouble of an executioner and the widow who this organization had something like welfare annuity, and retired.
The one which became clear was the times of the Samsons as an organization in particular and was after. According to Samson reminiscences, there is a record that I performed the group negotiations that demanded raise of the wage. It was reduced, and, with the personnel reduction of the executioner, this organization was abolished, too.
Duties
I show below an example of the duties that the executioner in modern times should perform.
There is not the work; storage and maintenance of the Guillotine were usually the work of the executioner.
When the executioner receives an order of the execution from the court, it begins because I carry in Guillotine to the appointed place and assemble it. The part which the one which five assistants needed carries in big machine parts called the Guillotine and assembles is big. It was necessary to carry in considerable material to the stand which picked up a fence and the Guillotine which became the border with the sightseer as well as Guillotine in the times that were public execution, and to assemble it. In the times of Samson, it was one of the work on the day to take a prisoner from the prison. Because when was nonpublic later, was carried out in a prison; this of the correction officer came to work. When execution was over, I washed a call, the Guillotine which I used for the burial of the corpse and disintegrated again and carried it out. When this was over, I published a certificate and did the payment request of overheads in Ministry of Justice.
Like the trust supplier substantially outside as for the French executioner rather than a public employee it is thought that was in the form. The Guillotine which performed execution was private property of the executioners and was not a public goods product. The executioner got remuneration for labor from the country, but the medical treatment or the welfare program as the public employee were the forms that an executioner demanded the payment of the expense from Ministry of Justice as for the maintenance expense or the transit cost of the Guillotine each time without all. According to the note of Anatole D Brel, I say that the executioner got a small income by padding this expense. In addition, all the members were lucky for some kind of side businesses without a side business being prohibited because it was not a public employee when there was not execution.
Reward
Use a special privilege called mud a de アヴァージュ before is changed to the salary system in 1721, and is said to be the yearly income 60,000 livre; considerably got high income. However, this original tax collection caused a trouble frequently, and the right that an execution person collected taxes in 1721 was deprived of and was changed a system in a salary system of 16,000 a year livre. This was large income decrease, but supported living somehow because the person of Samson who was an executioner at that time got high income on the side business as the doctor. When mass execution came to be carried out in the French Revolution, I was increased by 60,000 livre.
However, when it was the times of Louis XVIII, the personnel reduction of the executioner advanced, and, as for the reward, reductions came to be repeated by a reduction. Still it is said that I continued working even when enduring poverty because other occupations cannot change their job as for the executioner. It became the fixed salary of 60,000 francs a year in postwar period, but the postwar executioner was made to continue working for the salary that was the same as the pocket money of the child substantially without being raised in confrontation with inflation.
History
Artifact of a severed head punishment to fire you in the Middle Ages, and to lose was used. The work to cut a human neck with a knife at a stretch needed mastery of skills and needed an expert craftsman. Therefore, it is said that it is the beginning of executioner as the public office that the law officer who holds mainly artifact of a severed head punishment was born.
A disgraceful affair is caused, and execution person Nichola ルヴァスール of - Paris dismisses it in 1687. Charles Samson de Ron Val bought the official authority and was assigned to the execution person's post.
Personnel reduction is carried out for an executor of a will of -1 November 25, 1870 and five assistants. Two Guillotine was put in Paris and would be carried to the whole land of France as needed, and the executioner of the local city lost a job. This system continues until the capital punishment abolition. At this time, as for the annual salary of the executioner, as for 6,000 francs, the first and the second assistant, 4,000 francs, remainder three were prescribed 3,000 francs.
The executioner's post was abolished with the abolition of - capital punishment in 1981.
(French possession Algeria) in Algeria
A person of メイソニエ inherited the Algerian (French possession Algeria) executioner who was a colony of France by succession from generation to generation. A human being of the people of メイソニエ is a white of the French nationality from generation to generation and is not an Algerian. It is a relative, and Henri Roche, Andre Berger, the Nichola Roche are related to a person of メイソニエ by blood.
The legal system top was a French executioner, and they used Guillotine as well as France. As Algeria became independent from France in 1961, I fell out of employment.
The German executioner was called Meister (boss), and the executioner of Nuremberg was called Nuremberg Meister. The occupation of the executioner is often inherited in a hereditary system system. The income is high as such and says that I had a large number of assistants. I inherit the person of Reich heart by succession for eight generations. As for the death penalty in Germany, the a great variety of death penalties were performed until the times in the Middle Ages by the guilt and social position including artifact of a severed head, committing suicide by hanging oneself, burning at the stake, the 車裂 きの punishment. When it was 1803, I learned it from a French style method and became only the Guillotine.
In addition, Tranpedia is simply not responsible for any show is only by translating the writings of foreign licenses that are compatible with CC-BY-SA license information.
