It was a company of 100% of foreign capital that Honda car financed, and the company produced the motor parts such as transmissions and supplied it to the Honda car which was a parent company [1]. The employee was approximately 2,000 people, but a probation mechanic called the trainee occupied inner half or more [1]. It was the trainee who worked for this factory on May 17, 2010 and two people of 農民工譚国成 and 劉勝奇 from Hunan required a wage increase and appealed to the employee of the friend for the participation in strike [2]. 譚 made full use of a communication tool of the Internet and made a plan solemnly and led 1,000 workers to the strike for a password in teachings of the "revolution Sun Yat-sen to still become" [2]. Liu who gave up the dream as the literary person because of poverty, and lived as a farmer mechanic announced one's own poetry from the Internet cafe and encouraged friends [2].
Backdrop
The People's Republic of China continued economic growth to a weapon for low wage since a "reform and opening up" policy as "the world's factory", but the dissatisfaction of the worker for the low wage had effect of high prices of commodities and relatively worsened while society became rich [3]. In addition, "the People's Republic of China work contract law" established in 2007 obliged it to conclude work contract by letter, and the right of the worker made vague till then became clear, and it was the grounds that a worker insisted on a right about various problems such as overtime work, a vacation, discharge, the retirement bonus in not only the wage but also an employment form, the working hours [3]. Furthermore, it was the grounds that it pushed the right claim of the worker from behind that "the People's Republic of China labor dispute mediation arbitration method" established an expense of the labor mediation arbitration if free established as well as the said article "work contract method" in 2007 [3]. According to a policy of the difference correction, the government pushed forward the review of minimum wages, and, secondary to the establishment of these laws, the increase of nationwide minimum wages was carried out in 2010, and this set fire to the increase of the labor dispute [1]. This strike occurred under such a background, too [1].
I it in the progress of the case
The employee side including 譚 demanded a wage increase of monthly basis 800 yuan at first [4]. The wage of the company at the time was 1,500 yuan in the regular staffs [4]. By the negotiations between the labor and management performed on May 20, the same year and 21st, a company official showed the answer of the wage increase from 50 yuan to 100 yuan, but because there were too many amount of demand and differences on the employee side, the worker side resisted it, and a strike was reopened [5]; [6]. On May 24, the company official added the amount of wage increase by 28th and negotiations carried out in succession little by little for 27 days, but, with the amount of demand on the employee side, difference was still big [5]; [6]. On June 1, 曾慶洪総経理 of the Guangzhou car group company which was the partner company of the Honda car China corporation visited the factory suddenly and declared it when I started the mediation of the dispute [7]. I gathered 400 employees on the afternoon of the same day and appealed to receive that oneself became an arranger [5]. As a result, the negotiations settled with a wage increase of 500 yuan [8]. Although was less from the amount of original demand of 800 yuan judging from the employee side, became the wage increase more than 30%, and was an enough satisfactory thing [8]; [6]. I couldn't but accept you if I considered a viewpoint of 曾総経理 for the company official although it was the standard that it was hard to receive [8].
Correspondence of the Hu Jintao Administration
The Hu Jintao Administration was not indifferent to the problem of the strike that leaped to each place of the whole country including this strike case, too [9]. I placed solution to "issue of agriculture in flatland, bogland and a mountainous region" (agriculture, farm village, the issue of farmer) as "an important point in an important point" throughout, and the Hu Administration who assumed realization of "和諧社会" (harmonious society) a slogan took a burden on farmer reduction plan including the abolition of the agricultural tax [2]. In addition, I pushed forward the institutionalization of the labor-management relations in order to stop a delay in delivery, the overtime work of the wage, the rights abuse of the worker who spread including the nonpayment of the workmen's accident and planned the establishment enhancement of two laws that mentioned above [2]. Besides, by revised "People's Republic of China duty method of education" (the September, 2006 enforcement), it determined complete charge-free of the compulsory education to solve the educational issue of farmer mechanic children, and the government of the inflow place of the farmer mechanic directed it to take responsibility for the compulsory education of farmer mechanic children [2]. "The pro-people route" of such the Hu Jintao Administration got the support of a farmer and the worker generally [2]. However, it was not easy to change the structure of the exploitation for a farmer and the worker by "a pro-people route" without the democratization, and I came to be blocked by the wall of the principle of economic development supremacy of the China society [2].
It is 有斐閣 the written by Nobuyuki Tanaka "first China method" (2013)
Yoshinari Kokubun edition "China now" (2011) Iwanami new book (uneasiness and dissatisfaction, writing charge, Hana Kojima Tsu child smoldering in formal objection - society from the Chapter 4 bottom)
NHK radio text "improvement Chinese April, 2012 issue" (writing charge, Toshiaki Sugita)
In addition, Tranpedia is simply not responsible for any show is only by translating the writings of foreign licenses that are compatible with CC-BY-SA license information.
References and the source which I can inspect are not shown at all, or this article is insufficient. You add the source, and please cooperate with the reliability improvement of the article. (May, 2014)
Direct investment (ちょくせつとうし British: Foreign Direct Investment) is to invest it for the purpose of a company building a share acquisition, the factory, and performing business [1]. For a foreign company, it is investment to be carried out for the purpose of acquiring permanent rights and interests (I influence management). It is a concept for the investment (indirect investment) for the purpose of getting the income gain such as allotment and the interest rate, a capital gain such as the sale gain.
Direct foreign investment, the direct investment for the Japanese company by the overseas company are called the direct investment in the pair, but these are legal terms, and, in Japan, the direct investment for the overseas company by the Japanese company is often called direct overseas investing, direct investment to Japan each generally.
Table of contents
Definition
When it is direct investment, with the IMF international trade balance manual which I established about international trade balance statistics, the direct investment defines the case to be equivalent to this when a parent company owns more than 10% of common stocks of the company of the investment or voting rights or. It is not a problem of the same level whether there are owning 10% of stocks and intention to really influence the management of the company, but is that I decided so it as a problem of the definite decision.
The investment recognized as direct investment is the acquisition of the stocks for the company of the overseas investment, loan, bond possession, the acquisition of the real estate, the plowback profit of the overseas subsidiary to be concrete. Other than so-called mergers and acquisitions, I include (Greenfield investment) morphologically when I establish a corporation newly.
By a Japanese listed company, the acquisition of the stocks of store public companies, the stockholding ratio (including the possession stocks such as a parent company, a subsidiary, the officer) becomes more than 10%.
The acquisition from anyone other than the foreign investors of the stocks of Japanese unquoted companies or the share
When an individual is a resident, transfer the stocks of the Japanese unquoted companies which acquired it or a share to foreign investors after having become a non-resident
Agreeing on the substantial change of the business purpose of the company when I hold a one-third or more of the amount of money of the stocks of the Japanese company or the investment (e.g., voting about articles of association change in a general meeting of stockholders)
You set up a branch, factory or other offices in Japan or change the kind and business purpose substantially
A loan amount of money surpasses 100 million yen (when a loan period is more than five years) or 200 million yen (when loan periods are less than five years) in loan of the money of the period more than one year for the Japanese company (except the loan that the foreign investors who are not a foreign corporation perform in money in the loan that a financial institution performs in duties and the non-resident individuals)
The acquisition of the corporate bond of the Japanese company by the specific state state
In addition, in the law, the direct foreign investment is defined as follows.
By the acquisition of the stocks of the foreign firm, the stockholding ratio becomes more than 10%.
The acquisition of the stocks of investment ratio more than 10% of foreign subsidiaries or advance (when a loan period is over one year) of the money
The dispatch of the officer, the acquisition of the stocks of the foreign firm with the supply or other permanent relations of long-term raw materials or advance (when a loan period is over one year) of the money
Payment of the fund affecting setting, the expansion such as a branch, the factory in the foreign country
Significance of the direct investment
Because a substantial part of the management moves across a border, unlike the indirect investment for the purpose of an interest rate, the allotment income, the direct investment has a big meaning to give the economy of the two countries. Specifically,
The investment in Greenfield such as manufacturing industry or the merchandising has a big job creation effect.
I can expect a technology transfer to the field (in the case of the investment in developing country from the developed country in particular).
The foreign management method that advanced flows in through direct investment. In Japan, it had a big influence on the management of the Japanese circulation industry that major distribution industry to be said to be "a category killer" of the United States went into Japan after the 1990s. In addition, Renault purchased Nissan Motor, and President Carlos Ghosn let rebuilding of Nissan succeed.
If it becomes able to produce the products which I imported till then in the country and can develop into an export industry by direct investment of the manufacturing industry more, I can expect improvement of the current balance.
Yasushi Harada, Daiwa Institute of Research of the economist point out, "I cannot make light of the role that foreign capital (foreign firm, bank, investors) served as because a rising nation lets investment leadership type growth last and, for example, am the direct investment by the developed country company with the move of the production base" [2].
Soichi Enkyo of the economist points out, "there is the opinion that realized the investment that high savings are high in the source of the high growth of Japan in East Asia, the past from a result that the high investment produces high savings, and the economy of the developing countries which I laid misunderstanding, and domestic savings lack is the capital borrowing from the foreign territory, and the fact that grew up, e.g., East Asia allots the capital borrowing from the foreign territory for upbringing of the domestic export industry, and export is apparent to it from the fact that it-led, developed the economy" [3].
Because the merit by accepting direct investment is big, like this and others, the major country including Japan performs acceptance of the direct investment as a policy positively.
On the other hand, about the direct foreign investment, it was often thought that I promoted domestic deindustrialization and there were few countries which promoted it for a policy, but, in Japan, there was the political consideration in the times when the trade friction with American and European countries was intense from 1980 through 1990 and I gave public and private sectors and promoted direct investment of the manufacturing industry to Europe and America. Though the business results of the American car manufacturer are dull, as of 2014, it is thought that a Japanese maker fixes a local production in the United States as for criticism for Japan not happening with one of the factors.
The direct foreign investment brings decrease of production, the employment in a meaning not to bring about production, the employment that it should have been begun to be born in the country [4]. Kikuo Iwata of the economist points out, "the increase of the direct foreign investment becomes the factor to control the wage of Japanese non-journeyman" [5].
Satoshi Matsubara of the economist points out, "the economy of Asian countries turns worse when a Japanese financial institution cannot finance the Asian countries by lack of funds" [6].
Problems of direct investment statistics
In Japan, "international trade balance statistics" and two kinds of "the external and internal direct investment situation" existed until now and the statistics about the direct investment had a problem such as being different in a count period and an adding up method, and invited confusion.
"The external and internal direct investment situation" is abolished with a minute in 2004, and it will be unified by "international trade balance statistics".
Trend
According to the United Nations, the world direct investment acceptance total sum spreads than 10 times of the 1990-1992 yearly average for 2006-2008 years on the average [7].
At the end of 2007, the amount of direct investment by the foreign company to China was 775,400 million dollars [8].
in the United States
The amount of direct investment of the United States was 19,200 million dollars for 1,980 years, but is 152,400 million dollars in 2000 [9].
in Japan
The direct investment from the Japanese foreign territory to Japan remains in 3% at proportion of GDP in 2,007 years (approximately 45% of U.K., United States approximately 14%); [10].
It is 3,650 million dollars, and the investment of 2008 of Japan to China becomes the second investment country [11].
The direct investment of 2010 of Japan to China was 4,200 million dollars and became the fourth place next to Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore [12].
Footnote
For ^Takao Komine "basics Nihon Keizai Shimbun, Inc. of the visual Japanese economy", the fourth edition 〈 Nikkei library visual 〉, 2,010 years, it is page 144.
As for every ^Yasushi Harada, Daiwa Institute of Research "Japanese economy guide Mainichi Shimbun 〈 to work for a new member of society", it is 94 pages for business books 〉, 2,009 years on a day.
For Daiyamondosha, 2,011 years when ^Soichi Enkyo "can mature into Japan even if I do not depend on nuclear power generation", it is page 182.
For ^Kikuo Iwata Tsukama Publishing 〈 Chikuma primer new book 〉, 2,008 years where "economy will be what", it is page 103.
For ^Kikuo Iwata Tsukama Publishing 〈 Chikuma primer new book 〉, 2,008 years where "economy will be what", it is page 110.
For ^Kuniko Asagi, Hideo Tamura, Hideomi Tanaka "rebuilding theory [mobilize balance in hand of 100 trillion yen!] Fujiwara Bookstore in Japan", 2,012 years, it is 222 pages.
As for every ^Yasushi Harada, Daiwa Institute of Research "Japanese economy guide Mainichi Shimbun 〈 to work for a new member of society", it is 108 pages for business books 〉, 2,009 years on a day.
"Look at ^Daiwa Institute of Research structure - of the guide economy of the latest guide;, in Japan business publishing company, fourth edition, 2002 that read it, and know", is 220 pages.
In ^Heisuke Kamiki "question blow cancellation (textbook not to tell at school) that is simple from structure - macroeconomy of the latest economy to understand well so as to be interesting to micro-economy" Japan Bungeisha Publishing Co.,Ltd., 2008, it is 226 pages.
For ^Takao Komine "basics Nihon Keizai Shimbun, Inc. of the visual Japanese economy", the fourth edition 〈 Nikkei library visual 〉, 2,010 years, it is page 156.
"The Japanese economy revives" ^Hideomi Tanaka compilation; or, for Fujiwara Bookstore, 2,013 years, is 238-239 pages.
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In this item, I describe the management union of the apartment.
The appearance during large-scale repair construction to be carried out regularly for every 10-15 years of the apartment. One of the important business in the management union.
The buyer of an apartment and the housing complex becomes division owner based on Partitionary Property Act. Duty to do maintenance in cooperation with all division owners produces common use parts (all except the exclusive possession part) such as a corridor and an elevator, the plumbing at the same time to get the right that the inside of the division possession part which I purchased uses it as an exclusive possession part freely. When I assume an exclusive possession part to own lease without living, duty to do the maintenance of the common use part is unchanged.
When delivery begins in the division owner who purchased each article, a general meeting [1] that is the best decision maker of the management union is convened based on Partitionary Property Act, and a management union is established. A management agreement to be able to be called the law of the management union at the same time is approved. It is decided to become a member of an association with the association establishment necessarily, and the division owner will be engaged in the administration. An administrative body called Homeowners' association (HOA) which is equivalent to the management union any place other than Japan may be established according to laws.
Based on a management agreement, 2 officers of the chief director, accounts to elect at a general meeting and inspector inspecting the board of directors, the board of directors comprised by a director of the number of people depending on the scale of the apartment run an association directly.
There is a voting right depending on the possession ratio in the same way as a general meeting of stockholders and can approve the voting right at the general meeting by a procedure of so-called parliamentary democracy because the both sides of "the number of division owners" and "the number of the voting right" meet a condition. There is "the extraordinary general meeting" held for "ordinary session of the Diet" (regular general meeting) held once a year and temporariness in the general meeting.
I can let the management union acquire a juridical person. I can clarify management union corporation and housing complex management union method personality, legal who is responsible by acquiring a juridical person.
In law Article 2 3 about the promotion of the adequacy of the management of the apartment, the management union is defined saying "I say a corporation to prescribe to group to prescribe in Partitionary Property Act Article 3 managing the apartment or Article 65 or Partitionary Property Act Article 47 Clause 1." (I include a case to apply mutatis mutandis in Partitionary Property Act Article 66.).
Board of directors
I hold a meeting of the timely board of directors, and the activity of the board of directors carries out association administration based on the decision in the association general meeting.
In addition, discussion decides the matter which is necessary for repair schedule, association administration including various authorization for a trust contract, the long term to a qualified person of a business plan, the reform bill of the management agreement and the legal check in a budget bill and the statement of accounts equal to the important matter, a business report, the next fiscal year and performs the making of the general meeting bill book to suggest to an association general meeting at a place of the board of directors. In addition, and a business report needs the inspection report of the inspector about the statement of accounts. Call open holds a general meeting more than once a year, and the chief director submits a general meeting bill book and I carry out a resolution and must get approval.
The board of directors does not have a decision right other than emergency correspondence for an organization performing association administration based on the decision in the general meeting. Therefore when the new suggestion and change matter which are not enough for the ordinary session of the Diet of the next term appear, the call, open holds extraordinary general meeting, and the resolution procedure at the general meeting or a procedure to obtain consent of all the members of an association in the document is necessary.
In the case of payment, the reward to board of directors officer may be free. In the case of payment, as for the sum, there is the thing which sets a sum in chief director, director, each including the inspector if there is the thing of the officer one law. In addition, one time of board of directors one present is accompanied and may pay a constant sum.
Manager
In Partitionary Property Act, I save a building and the site, and a manager in the apartments is a person carrying out a meeting resolution again. In addition, in duties range, I represent division owner and can own a common use part. If a management agreement does not have a limit, the manager can become anyone by a general meeting resolution. It is not necessary to be division owner, and a management company and apartment house manager may become. In the standard management agreement, I assume the chief director of the management union a manager.
But the manager is not targeted for setting in Partitionary Property Act because an association corporation becomes the situation like the manager when a management union is made a corporation [2].
In addition, it is different from a management company, a manager (manager), fire marshal.
The post that the viewpoint of the inspector inspects the duties execution of the board of directors. Thus, it is a viewpoint different from a director of the board of directors, and the voting right of the board of directors resolution does not have basically. However, depending on association administration environment, activity may be carried out as a member of the board of directors from understaffing.
Association budget
An expense to collect from division owner based on a management agreement as an expense to perform maintenance of an apartment. I usually deliver expenses required for management every month for a management union.
Administrative expense
Depending on the scale of the apartment, there are a variety of collection items. Follows are example.
An item for administrative expense - daily life management. The energy bill of the common use part and the check expense of each facility, outside order costs.
I am collected by division owner using the parking lot in use of parking lot charges - site or a resident. Besides, the expense of the maintenance of the parking lot, it is resources of the repair financial reserve.
I am collected by division owner using the bicycle parking lot in bicycle parking lot use charges - site or a resident. Besides, production and the maintenance administrative expense of the licensing seal, it is resources of the repair financial reserve.
An expense required for the administration of due - management union. Meeting costs, an expense required for public information and connection duties, officer activity costs.
Repair financial reserve
I saved the money that I collected to carry out the premeditated repair of the common use part, temporariness-like repair. As a general rule, I save it equally through savings period [3]. In addition, there is the example which I put a constant amount of money in separately from periodical financial reserve under the name of "a repair lump sum" or "a repair fund" when I purchased division possession article. When I do not perform a long-term repair plan and a review of the repair financial reserve in the management union which does not adopt the above system, I am not rarely collected as "a repair lump sum" without enough financial reserve more by a general meeting resolution when I repair it on a large scale.
In Japan, a shortage of the increase of the timeworn apartment and the repair becomes the social problem and has even fear to be connected pointed out by ghettoism. I am made much as issue of deterioration measures from resources side [4].
A purpose and operational
In addition to the maintenance of the building, quantity in itself of the repair financial reserve controls maintenance, the improvement of the economic values such as the apartments concerned [5], and a thing about the repair financial reserve is established in an explanation matter of the important matter explanation based on the residential land building business business method in the buying and selling such as exclusive possession parts because it is an important thing (law Article 35).
You distinguish this repair financial reserve from the normal administrative expense and it is an accounting means kimono and must not divert it to administrative expense [6]. In addition, in calculation of the amount of savings, it is important I am going to carry out various repair construction predicted in the future, and to take time and the amount of necessary construction possibility into consideration. Furthermore, carefulness is required for storage to become a large amount of savings [7]. The others of the thing to allot for those administrative expense are allotted for repair financial reserve in the fee for use incomes of the common use part such as parking lots about the income more. Furthermore, the use of the repair financial reserve is considered to be the duties of the management union [8].
Purpose for which money is spent
In the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport apartment standard management agreement, it is admitted that I demolish it in cases to allot financial reserve to the next expense [9]. When I demolish it, the resolution of the management union general meeting is required [6].
Repair to perform premeditatedly every progress of the constant number of years
Repair to be necessary by unexpected accident or other special reasons
Change of the site and common use part
Investigation into matter which is necessary for the agreement formation to affect the rebuilding of the building
The management that becomes particularly necessary for profit of the whole division owner on the occasion of the management such as other sites and common use parts
Particularly, I devise a long-term repair plan beforehand to cope with deterioration by the aging [10], and it is necessary to save necessary repair financial reserve. This is because it is not easy to collect the expense mentioned above in the case of expenditure.
Rule about administration
Other than a management agreement to be able to be called the law of the management union, a rule and a rule depending on a scale are established at a general meeting. Follows are example.
Use detailed rules
Use of parking lot detailed rules
Bicycle parking lot use detailed rules
Detailed rules about the animal breeding
Use of exclusive garden detailed rules
Detailed rules about the repair of the exclusive possession part
The first problem of these days when an association has it is nonpayment of administrative expense and the repair financial reserve. The administrative expense is paid to a management supplier for trust such as legal check or the everyday cleaning, and the repair financial reserve is deposited savings in for the repair of the common use part, but the value of the apartment decreases when the state that the repair does not always go as we want continues without management being careful by lacking this [11]. Because occupancy rate decreases, an article price and rent market price at the time of the lease fall into a vicious circle to decrease more and in this way make a slum it.
When I manage administrative expense and the repair financial reserve as a deposit, in the large-scale apartment, repair financial reserve may become the amount of money more than hundred million. In that case, it is necessary to consider a payoff. Urgent correspondence includes technique such as changing it to an ordinary deposit for the settlement. When I manage administrative expense and repair financial reserve, the corporation registration of the management union may be necessary.
As other problems, the management union can choose a management supplier to entrust with management freely, but a related management company has been already decided at the time of the purchase practically by a sales company, and, as for the management agreement of the apartment, an apartment standard management agreement of published by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport is assumed a model again, but the agreement to the management agreement that a sales company made beforehand often becomes the condition of the purchase, and, as a matter of course, the contents which were strongly reflected are added, and the intention of a sales company and the management supplier may get into trouble in this.
In addition, market competition is hard to act and, in the property of the duties that continuity needs, is reported the trouble with indistinct contract deposits a lot, and there is an investigation to receive some kind of interference as for approximately 30% of management unions which examined the change of the management supplier.
On the other hand, there is difference of temperature in the management union every apartment, and the management company にまかせっきりで management union and members of an association who do not function virtually are opposed intensely, and there is the case that the association general meeting does not always go as we want.
I need careful examination on choosing the person of construction contracting business on the occasion of large-scale repair, but a manufacturer is to a different supplier succeeds, setting it up when the accomplishment of contract duties including the bankruptcy is difficult. As for this, many suppliers are gathered up and acquire a juridical person, and this corporation guarantees it [12].
Qualification about apartment management
Each qualification is not a thing necessary for a member, the director of the management union consisting of division owners.
The name monopoly qualification that the person who it is an expert performing appropriate advice in the management union constructed by apartment house manager - division owner, and is not apartment house manager cannot give apartment house manager. An apartment-management consultation center Foundation is a testing agency.
There is the prescribed private qualification that there is not for a law as the qualification that association of high-rise house management business authorizes.
In the ^Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport apartment standard management agreement, in the case of new construction, in the case of others, things more than around 25 years are demanded for around 30 years during the plan period of the long-term repair plan.
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There is a pond in the center of the garden, and a carp swims. Shin-kyo Bridge (Puente de Dios) and the bridge such as the zigzag bridge (Puente Truncado) are built over the pond, and a Japanese medical herb grows in the island. The South American tree such as a rosewood and the sake bottle cotton plant is planted in the garden other than the Japanese tree such as cherry treewigJapanese mapleazaleas. In addition, Japanese bell and stone garden lantern, tea-ceremony room are arranged.
A Cultural Center and a Japanese restaurant, a greenhouse, a stand are added to the garden. The greenhouse was famous for the collection of bonsai, and the gardener of the garden lavished great care on the kind of the Asian plant sold at a stand. In addition, there are chaitya and a research institute and becomes the base of cultural activities.
History
Most or all of this gnarl is based only on the only source. You perform the addition of other sources, and please cooperate with improvement of accuracy, neutrality, the reliability of the article. (February, 2015)
The Buenos Aires Japanese garden creation had a request at first from the Arturo Umbelto イリア (Spanish version) President Administration (1963-1966 years), but a local Japanese emigrant group decided creation for the purpose of memorializing the Argentina visit of the Japanese Crown Prince, princess (Akihito, Michiko) in 1967 of the fan Carlos オンガニーア (Spanish version) President Administration period. A corner of Palermo Park (formally) forTorres デ フェブレーロ park (Spanish) was provided and was donated to completion, the Buenos Aires city by construction of more than one month [2].
I went to ruin, but, in the Japanese garden, large-scale repair, expansion were planned as business of the 60th anniversary of the foundation of the living-in-sub-Japanese society afterwards in 1978 by a management defect. Living-in-sub-Japanese society was in charge of landscape gardening all, and it was agreed that a city allowed the Japanese society work force and tree that Buenos Aires City Park section was necessary for construction, donating a flower, to expose the profit of the stand in the garden to the maintenance cost of the garden more. A hoeing ceremony type was performed in cause, July, 78 of a design, the supervision of Yasuo Inomata of the landscape gardening engineer who dealt with the Japanese garden of the Energy Service Company bar city in 1969 and was completed in cause September, 79 of the cooperation of the Japanese-Great Society of the field, the following day [3].
Completion included great cooperation of the local Japanese emigrant society. It was a grant from association of Osaka World Exposition to have occupied the biggest ratio in a large amount of landscape gardening fund, and the next was the thing from the world redemption of the world international friendship friendship foundation. Proceeds and the contribution of Bono (lot cooperation ticket) attracted by Japanese-Great Society reached an expected amount of money, but are mentioned a fund plan in the discussion of the person concerned with landscape gardening that it was placed in the local Japanese character newspaper what caused difficulty without the contribution from the living-in-Argentina Japanese company reaching the amount of aim. In financial difficulties two months before the completion, I received bank loan with a Director of Japanese meeting joint guarantee at the time. [4]
The design of the roadside teahouse (Cultural Center) in the garden was asked the Hiroshi Oe construction office of the traditional building which dealt with Ise kagura hall, a national noh theater for. In addition, "a monument of the Japanese emigrant sweat" and a monument written down were installed in the garden, but the natural trace which I was washed, and sweat drifted to has been remaining in the water for a long time because there was this stone at the bottom of a river. Hitoshi Miyawaki whom change lived in carpenters specializing in building shrines and temples who were specialized in a Shinto shrine from Bolivia dealt with the arched bridge and the front gate. The turf tension that is the last finish of the garden depends on the volunteer work led by the Japanese-person. [5]
The opening ceremony was held in (October) on "a spring day" of 1979. A lot of general Japanese-people who cooperated with male Bardo カチャトーレ (Spanish version) mayor, Ambassador Wataru Owada, a representative of military authorities, the Buenos Aires suburbs and a local Japanese-representative of group, landscape gardening participated. The mayor, an ambassador, a "monument unveiling ceremony of the Foreign Minister Tadashi Sonoda calligraphy by living-in-sub-Japanese society's chairperson of the Japanese emigrant sweat", greetings of the donation to Buenos Aires City by Chairperson Uno Japanese society, a letter of thanks was given a person who has rendered distinguished services (Saburo Miyazono construction chairperson, Gengoro Tamashiro vice chairman, Sakai Alberto, Morita Lewis, each Tetsuya Hirose committee, Koji Kobayashi preparations chairperson, Hisagi TERUMO, Yasuo Inomata each person) of the landscape gardening more by the city authorities. [6]
^(Corp.) Japanese Institute of Landscape Architects, "an overseas Japanese garden," it is p.141 for 2,006 years
A history of ^Argentine Japanese emigrant editing committee, corporate judicial person living-in-; sub-;, the association of Japanese-group society "history of Argentine Japanese emigrant Vol. 2 round latter part," is p.376 in 2006
A history of ^Argentine Japanese emigrant editing committee, corporate judicial person living-in-; sub-;, the association of Japanese-group society "history of Argentine Japanese emigrant Vol. 2 round latter part," is p.376-7 in 2006
A history of ^Argentine Japanese emigrant editing committee, corporate judicial person living-in-; sub-;, the association of Japanese-group society "history of Argentine Japanese emigrant Vol. 2 round latter part," is p.377-8 in 2006
A history of ^Argentine Japanese emigrant editing committee, corporate judicial person living-in-; sub-;, the association of Japanese-group society "history of Argentine Japanese emigrant Vol. 2 round latter part," is p.377 in 2006
A history of ^Argentine Japanese emigrant editing committee, corporate judicial person living-in-; sub-;, the association of Japanese-group society "history of Argentine Japanese emigrant Vol. 2 round latter part," is p.377 in 2006
In addition, Tranpedia is simply not responsible for any show is only by translating the writings of foreign licenses that are compatible with CC-BY-SA license information.
