Ceremonial crown

Ceremonial crown

The crown of the Chinese style to use for a formal dress with the ceremonial crown (I do not go to the and others). There was distinction of cause Fumitake, but there is a break, and the ceremonial crown of the military officer is unidentified in detail. I describe the crown of the civil officer lower than the Emperor in this clause and simply touch it about the military officer lightly.

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Constitution

A crown laying the foundation is a crown of the shapes accompanied by Yamagata bread in the circular base called "Miyama crown" to make with Luo who painted with black lacquer.

I say the ring of the shape that set a piece of the shogi in these rings to attach the metal ring that gave the metal decoration such as the aureole and plating and the openwork of gold and silver here to innumerably with "pectinated form" and say the metal ring that made the vine in the upper part openwork with "押鬘".

I attach the decoration which modelled the auspicious animal called "a sign" (mark) to "a sum" of the crown front.

Furthermore, I am studded with jewels established depending on a ranking.

I call the ceremonial crown of the military officer "samurai ceremonial headgear". Although they know a lot, as for the rule of the ceremonial crown of the civil officer, the specifications of the samurai ceremonial headgear are not mentioned in a "ceremony" "Engi era type". According to "description of Toba House enthronement" (定長卿記別記), there is it if it has a lot on "江記", but I cannot see the correspondence article to "a description of of written by existing Masafusa Oeno Article 3 House enthronement". It was revived at the time of the Emperor Sakuramachi enthronement of Kyoho November, 20 ("a description of eight pagoda trees"), but the form resembles a thing called Chinese "officer" "basket crowns" and is a thing based on an Old document of Japan or is hard to judge it whether it is a thing by the invocation of the China document.

Ranking-adaptive

The Emperor

I say an imperial crown and drip the thread which attaches the frames which kept watch on Luo to a ceremonial crown, and went through a ball from there. Metal fittings of 搭形 where I attached the decoration similar to the flame design to stick out of the center of the frame, and the metal fittings of the small star who leading, fitted a precious stone line up in the edge. I decorated the crow (crow of the three-dart makeup on the nape of the neck which is a solar symbol) which put up a stem in the front center, and emitted light radially.

Empress

There is it by an article of the religious service of 萬象神宮 of the article with "太后服袞冕" for "authority of Motoharu model" 永昌元年 (689 years) New Year holidays, and Wu Hou uses an imperial crown same as a man emperor. In addition, the swag of the imperial crown called "旒" seemed to be to the crown of the empress in the Nara era so that there was it about a ceremonial crown of the Emperor Koken in "延暦十二年曝凉帳" "Konin two years government property perception record" of the treasure check record of peaceful early Shoso-in with "禮服御冠二箇" (禮冠一箇, 有旒.以雜玉餝). According to "長元礼服御覧記 where was in the latter half of the Heian era," I made the form of three flowers with a small-sized crown without pectinated form on 押鬘 and decorated it with decoration metal fittings of the form of Hanae. There was it when they put up Otori to a front shop and the left, but there was it whether the right thing did "落失" in an explanatory note, and much state of preservation did not seem to be good at this point in time. A ceremonial crown (seven pages of haze hall "general exhibition pictorial record of the Emperor Kokaku and the illusion") of the Emperor Gosakuramachi of the magistrate in charge of managing the shogunate's private property exists, but does not encounter an article of "長元礼服御覧記". Rather I resemble a crown of heaven used with ability. In addition, kogai and 夾形 were attached to a ceremonial crown of the Emperor Gosakuramachi, and I would be dressed then by a boy because 夾形 はみずらを was ribbon to bind together.

The Imperial prince

The more than 4 Imperial princes have a gold-plated ring and attach three crystal, amber three, bamboo three to the crown upper part. I have 20 dark blue balls on white ball for each eight drops, a stem of anteroposterior 押鬘 in Hosekidai called "a stem" of the form of the flower having a long stem displayed around pectinated form. Xuanwu that one article is high with a tail as for the sign sequentially, and looks back toward the back in turning to the right as for the tiger-shape guardian god of the west, the fourth court rank that god of the south, three articles that a guardian deity of the east in the shape of a dragon, the class the second to lower a head, and to look back toward the left in turning to the right look back toward in turning to the right to the left roll up a tail and lower a head, and to hold to the right.

Monarch

Everybody is only different in a posture, and, as for sign of same Otori, higher than third place, the original rank turns to the front and gives a head and the hypotaxis turns to the front and bows my head. The top of the original fourth place turns a face to the right by turning left, and the bottom turns a face to the left in turning to the right. 従四位 and the fifth place look back toward the top in turning to the right to the left and look back toward the bottom by turning left to the right. The King of the first place attaches five amber, greenstone six to a crown in a gold-plated ring and has 20 greenstone on 押鬘 with eight jets in pectinated form. In a gold-plated ring, possess a crown in five amber, greenstone five, white ball one, and the King of the second place and the third place has 20 greenstone on 押鬘 in pectinated form with eight red cue balls (amber). As for the fourth place, a comb type of the ring, 押鬘, a stem is gold-plated, and the others attach silver plating, amber five, greenstone six to a crown, and there is not the precious stone, and ten white balls have ten bamboo on pectinated form behind in front of 押鬘. The fifth place has a ring of the silver plating and is the same as the fourth place except that I have ten jets in front of 押鬘.

Subject

As for the sign, the direction follows a monarch in giraffes. The first place is the same as King of the first place except that I fit eight dark blue balls in the arched window. It is to a crown of the God, Christ and the Holy Spirit when I have eight topazes on the second place, the pectinated form of the crown of the second place when a ball attached to a crown becomes five greenstone, white ball three, red jet three. The fourth place is the same as King of the fourth place except that I attach six red cue balls, greenstone five to a crown. The fifth place is the same as King of the fifth place except that I attach five greenstone, white ball three, red jet three to a crown. In addition, I put it together to a wearer, and the thing which was not correct was used for a rule because the early modern ceremonial crown became the loan product from a state-owned storehouse without changing color and 徽 of the ball exactly. The remodeling by "an Engi era type" is planned in the Emperor Komei enthronement, but, according to "言成卿記," it is said that there was not the change of the ball about the share of the attendant change just before the enthronement etiquette.

References

• 松平乘昌 "treasure river appearance Publishing new company 2006 ISBN 4309760813 of the illustration Imperial Court shogun"

Allied item

• Imperial crown
• Crown

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Castle wall crown

of. It covers the castle wall crown.

The castle wall crown(: mural crown) was covered by goddess in culture. It has a shape like.

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Overview

Tuke is a goddess embodying city's fortune, equivalent to Rome. Also the goddess of the Hellenistic period is suffering "Poros A crown called "polos" is also a type of castle wall crown. Especially when this land mother god is the guardian of the city it is often covered with a castle wall crown.

The castle wall crown was used for the army in ancient times. Of corona muralis (Meaning "a crown surrounded by a wall") was a gold circle shaped like a crown of a crown or the like and was awarded to the first time to climb the castle wall of the target of attack. The castle wall crown of Rome was made of gold, there was unevenness that looked like a coat of arms described later. Since it was regarded as the best as a soldier's medal, even if there was an offer, it was not awarded unless a rigorous investigation had been done. The castle wall crown, which symbolizes the captured ship, was used as a naval medal (the bow was added to the left and right of the castle wall crown). There were other navy.

The goddess is drawn in a shape covered with a castle wall crown in Greek coins and represents Rome as a guardian of Greek city state.

Coat of arms

Castle of the castle wall in the emblem of

The Roman army medal was later adopted by Europe and became a model of the wall of. Many European cities have been developed since it has been used as a decoration of the emblem of the city favorably, and recently it is used as a wall crown as opposed to it. It is often used especially in the medieval and modern times of Italy. The female statue wearing a castle wall crown symbolizes Italy. Italy has given a castle wall crown to the coat of arms of the comune, using the gold castle wall crown with five convexities for the city, and silver castle wall crown with nine convex parts otherwise. There are also examples that the prefecture and military are using. The castle wall crown was used for. Many of the emblems of local governments (and) are also using castle wall crowns, and in modern usage, the castle wall crown with three convexities is a village, four are towns, and five represent city. Similarly even using the castle wall crown as the emblem of the local government, those with one or three convexities represent villages, etc. Those with five or seven convexities represent towns and so on.

After World War I dismantled, the national emblem became a single eagle wearing a castle wall crown. Prior to that, the crown of both Austria and Hungary (Hungarian side) decorated.

concrete example in the emblem

The crest of * (using Rosterata)

• Coat of Arms

• Coat of Arms

• Coat of Arms

Footnotes / citation

1. *F. Allégre, _ Etude sur la déesse grecque Tyché (Paris 1889), pp 187-92 for the theory that the castle wall crown is an anthropomorphic character of the city. 2. , Noctes Attici , V.6.4;, _ Ab Urbe Condita , XXVI. 48 3. ^ (May 10, 1998). Emblematic Dictionary _ (first ed.). Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo: Osaka bookshop. Pp. P.178. 4. * muri pinnis according to Aulus Gellius 5. Livy. L.c .; cf., __, 25. 6. ****Mellor, R., "The Goddess Roma" in Haase, W., Temporini, H., (eds), Aufstieg und Niedergang der romischen Welt, de Gruyter, 1991, pp 60-63.

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Crown (kanji)

A letter (JIS X 0213, CJK unification kanji expansion A) which I cannot display by some computers and browsers is included in this item (in detail).

The generic name of the thing put in the upper part among the components of the kanji with the crown (crown). I say the header. If I change it

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Kind of the crown

Representative crown

くさかんむり

くさかんむり。 "British" is など "turf" "sinter". I express a thing with name and that of flower as raw materials, a meaning to be concerned with the property to have of the flower again. There is the most number of the Chinese characters commonly used with the crown with 46, and there is the most publication number of characters with the large dictionary of classical Chinese explained in Japanese in in approximately 2,100 characters and all radicals again. 募, a grave, a dream, a curtain, 慕, a living, the cocoon are excluded.

• The Chinese characters commonly used: 芋芝花芸芯芳英苛芽苦茎若苗茂茨荒草荘茶荷華菓菊萎菌菜著葛葬蓋葉落蒸蓄蔑蔵蔽薫薪薦薄薬藍藤藩藻
• A main table external character: 芥芹芭芙芦苑茄苔苺茅茉茸茜莞荻莫莉菅菫菖萄菩萌菱葦葵萱葺萩董葡蓑蒔蒐蒼蒲蒙蓉蓮蔭蔦蓬蔓蕎蕨蕉蕃蓼蕪薙蕾蕗藁薩蘇蘭

Impossible not to loosen

Is not isolated; it is impossible。 "宅" "fruit" "守." I express the meaning about the house. The number of the Chinese characters commonly used is 36, and a basic kanji accounts for most of. "The character" belongs to the child part. "The plan" is vested in Kibe.

• The Chinese characters commonly used: 安宇守宅完宛官宜実宗宙定宝客室宣宴家害宮宰宵容寄寂宿密寒富寛寝寡察寧審寮
• A main table external character: 宏宋宍宕宥寅寓寞寥寵

Cook it and a crown

Cook; a crown。 "算" "knob" "boxes." I express the meaning about bamboo and the bamboo product. Number of the Chinese characters commonly used 24. The number of characters is finished a lot so many near 1,000 characters.

• The Chinese characters commonly used: 笑第笛符筋策答等筒筆節箇管算箋箱箸範築篤簡簿籍籠
• A main table external character: 竺竿笈笹笙笥笠筈筐筍筑筏筵箕箏箔箴篆篇篩簀篠簾籃籤

Shallower crown

Shallower crown, あまかんむり. The "thunder" "cloud" "souls." I express a meaning about rain and weather. The number of the Chinese characters commonly used is 12.

• The Chinese characters commonly used: 雪雲雰電雷零需震霊霜霧露
• A main table external character: 雫雹霖霙霞霰霹靄靂

ひとやね

A person。 "Now" "plan" "umbrellas." I express the meaning about the person and am included in the part of the person. Number of the Chinese characters commonly used 9 (and "all" include を 10). The "合" "life" is an oral region.

• The Chinese characters commonly used: 介今令会企余舎倉傘
• A main table external character: 僉

Hole crown

Hole crown。 "Sky" "window" "究." I express a meaning about hole and space. "Is not isolated; include it is impossible", but is a different radical. Number of the Chinese characters commonly used 9.

• The Chinese characters commonly used: 究空突窃窓窒窟窮窯
• A main table external character: 穹穿窄窈窕窘窩窪窺窶竄竈

あみがしら

It is あみがしら, よつがしら, the side. "置" "crime" "police stations." I express the meaning of the net and express a meaning to be derived, and to control a penalty.

• The Chinese characters commonly used: 罪署置罰罵罷羅
• A main table external character: 罠罫罹羆羈

Other crown

• いりがしら / いりやね

"All" is など. A character of 入 changed. Change into a person and the same form; a person may include it to sleep.

• The Chinese characters commonly used: 全
• A main table external character: 㒰 (仝) 兪

• だいがしら (だいかんむり)

"奮" "奪." I express a big thing and the thing about the person.

• The Chinese characters commonly used: 奇奈奔奪奮
• A main table external character: 奄套

• Mountain crown

"Rock" "bank" "storms." I express a meaning about mountain. Above all, there are many things expressing "steepness". "Charcoal" is a fire moiety.

• The Chinese characters commonly used: 岸岩崖崇嵐崩
• A main table external character: 嵌嵩嶺巌

• Hey, it is crown / おいがしら

"Old" is など "a thought". I express the meaning about the old man. "Old" assume it を pro-character, and a character of the form that is not done is mixed with the form that a part of 匕 is omitted. "孝" is a child part.

• The Chinese characters commonly used: Thought old person
• A main table external character: 耄

• Many crowns

The "ascendancy" "pivot." I collect characters to express a meaning to cover up. I transcribe it in "ka" (the right half of the value) in the new form of a character.

• The Chinese characters commonly used: Cover ascendancy required
• A main table external character: 覈

• Oh, do not bloom; it is impossible to do (do not wind it up it is impossible to do)

"Maro" "麾" "麼." In kanji for names, the Chinese characters commonly used exist neither. "まだれ" (hemp appendix) is a totally different radical. But as an another name of "まだれ" (hemp appendix) there can be the thing called "impossible (hemp crown) not to wind up".

• Attention: "磨" is Ishibe. "摩" is a hand part. It is などは, the radical according to each.
• A main table external character: Maro

• Pan lid / Kei crown

"My late" is など "Kyoto" "交". In a radical established for a classification, there is not the meaning in particular. Kei (weight) of "the Kei crown" is a paper weight. "Six" is eight copies. "Australia" is 豕部.

• The Chinese characters commonly used: 亡交京享亭
• A main table external character: 亦亥亨亮

• Impossible / べきかんむり which does not found impossible / which is not boiled

"Copying" "crowns." I express the meaning about the crown. In addition, "宀" of the ウ crown is included in the abbreviated thing. "The military" is a car part.

• The Chinese characters commonly used: 冗写冠冥
• A main table external character: 冤冪

• A tiger knows it (tiger crown)

"虐" "emptiness" "tigers." I express the meaning about the tiger. "The deliberation" is a heart department. "The surface" is a meat part.

• The Chinese characters commonly used: 虎虐虚虞虜
• A main table external character: 虔

• かみがしら (chew a crown)

"Hair" "mustaches." I express hair, the meaning about the mustache.

• The Chinese characters commonly used: Hair
• A main table external character: 髯髣髴髷髭鬆鬘鬚

• はつがしら (a kind of radical): The "発" "up." There is very little number of characters.

• The Chinese characters commonly used: 発登
• A main table external character: 癸

• A bee knows it (eight): "兼." The top is large, and a bottom becomes the form becoming narrow. There is very little number of characters.

• The Chinese characters commonly used: 公兼

• Winter knows it (it is impossible to do a pervert): "In winter." The name which it is impossible for to do a pervert is associated with "夂" of the pro-character.

• The Chinese characters commonly used: In winter

• A nail crown (nail crown): "爵." There is very little number of characters. A radical of old style "爭" of "the fight." I say "のつ".

• The Chinese characters commonly used: 爵
• A main table external character: Including 采 (because print is similar, "采" is treated in 釆部)

• Kei knows it (type of radical): "彙." A designation of "彑" and "彐."

• The Chinese characters commonly used: 彙

• Sheep： "Beauty" "justice." As for "the sheep," a head becomes the form that the lower part does not stick out of, and "beautiful" has a "set" meaning.

• The Chinese characters commonly used: 美羞着義羨
• A main table external character: 羹

• つづみ: "鼕." The kanji to assume "a hand drum" a pro-character often puts 声符 at the position of the crown.
• Do not untie it; it is impossible to do (door crown): "Fan" "doors." I express the character about the door. The details refer to an appendix.

Allied item

• A left-hand radical and a right-hand radical of a Chinese character
• Radical
• Radical of a Chinese character
• Body of a Chinese character
• Appendix
• Leg
• Posture
• 繞

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18-crown -6

18-Crown-6
IUPAC name 1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane
Identification information
CAS registration number	17,455-13-9
PubChem	28557
ChemSpider	26563
It is an address number on a day	J49.431C
ChEMBL	CHEMBL155204
SMILES O1CCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCC1 C1COCCOCCOCCOCCOCCO1
InChI InChI=1S/C12H24O6/c1-2-14-5-6-16-9-10-18-12-11-17-8-7-15-4-3-13-1/h1-12H2  Key: XEZNGIUYQVAUSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N  InChI=1/C12H24O6/c1-2-14-5-6-16-9-10-18-12-11-17-8-7-15-4-3-13-1/h1-12H2 Key: XEZNGIUYQVAUSS-UHFFFAOYAP
Characteristic
Chemical formula	C12H24O6
Molar mass	264.122 g/mol
Density	1.237 g/cm³
Melting point	37-40 degrees Celsius
The boiling point	116 degrees Celsius (0.2 Torr)
Associated material
Related material	Dibenzo-18-crown -6 トリグライム
I can put a case, the data without the special mention for normal temperature (25 degrees Celsius), the ordinary pressure (100 kPa).

18-crown -6 (18-crown-6) is an organic compound expressed with molecular formula [C₂H₄O]₆, IUPAC name 1,4,7,10,13,16- hexaoxa cyclooctadecane. This compound is a kind of the crown ether. The crown ethers coordinate some metal cations in the central cavity. 18-crown -6 shows affinity for a potassium cation in particular. By an achievement of the development of crown ethers, Charles Pedersen won Nobel Prize in Chemistry of 1987.

Table of contents

Synthetic

I can prepare this compound by improved Williamson ether synthesis and [¹], oligomerizing internal of template cation existence lower ethylene oxide.

I can be refined by the distillation, and a tendency of becoming it becomes clear the supercooling of this compound then. 18-crown -6 can be refined by deposition with acetonitrile forming an insoluble complex again. Acetonitrile is removed under reduced pressure, and an objective compound is provided [¹]. By after the dry materials dissolved 18-crown -6 in THF closely, adding a sodium potassium alloy; [K(18-crown-6)] of the alkali salt Na is provided.

Applied

The crown ethers are useful as phase transfer catalysis [²]. An 18-crown -6 existence bottom, potassium permanganate dissolve in benzene. However, the use of the quaternary ammonium / phosphonium salt is superior for this purpose.

 

The potassium acetate becomes the stronger nucleophilic reagent in organic solvents when I use 18-crown -6.

Related compounds

Dibenzo-18-crown -6 is generally superior as complexing agent of the alkali metals cation.

 

Footnote

[Help]

1. ^ ^{a b} George W. Gokel, Donald J. Cram, Charles L. Liotta, Henry P. Harris, and Fred L. Cook (1988), "18-Crown-6," it is Org. Synth., http://www.orgsyn.org/orgsyn/orgsyn/prepContent.asp?prep=cv6p0301 Coll. Vol. 6: 301.
2. ^ Liotta, C. L.; Berknerin, J. "18-Crown-6" in Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis (Ed: L. Paquette) 2004, J. Wiley & Sons, New York. doi: 10.1002/047084289X.rc261

References

The correction of this knob is expected.

Allied item

Wiki media Commons has a category in conjunction with 18-crown -6.

• Crown ether
• Cyclooctadecane

Outside link

• Sigma Aldrich chemical profile

This item is an unfinished item in conjunction with the chemistry. I demand the cooperator who corrects it, and corrects this item (a project: chemistry /Portal: chemistry).

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The grandchild sum

The grandchild sum (loss or from 224 years to 253 years) is the royalty of Kure of the Chinese Age of Three Powers. In the third sons of first emperor Sun Ch'uan, I am 2 代皇帝孫亮, 異母兄 of the 3s emperor grandchild holiday. The character is 子孝. Mother Mrs. King (大懿皇后). As for the wife, alone 張妃 (daughter of 張承), any princess (older sister of 何植), others (mother of 孫謙). The child is 4 代皇帝孫皓, grandchild virtue, 孫謙, 孫俊. The public master who became the wife of the land view to a daughter. "Three will" Kure will "Kure main five child biography" has a record.

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Career

Young day

I receive favor of Sun Ch'uan with an emperor's descendant with no family name of mother after childhood, and it is said that a bureaucrat and a soldier under direct control were established for the grandchild sum at the age of 14 years old. The 闞 swamp of the Ministry of Home Affairs law was attached as a person in charge of education and worked hard at a book and a lesson (according to "Kure book" the military arts such as mounting a horse and the bow and arrow). I liked study and got fame close to civility with a person with the talent.

The grandchild up dies with the grandchild up of 異母兄 which is the Crown Prince familiarly for 241 years; it is said that prayed for writing a will just before that, and putting up the grandchild sum to the successor. I was appointed by a successor of Sun Ch'uan and, for 242 years, the following day, became the Crown Prince at the age of 19 years old. 闞 swamp, 薛綜 was attached as a person in charge of education of the Crown Prince, and a person such as 蔡潁, 張純, 封甫, 厳維 was attached as a friend position. 鍾離牧 was appointed in the same year by 太子輔義太尉, too ("鍾離牧伝").

As for the grandchild sum, it is said that I proposed that I prohibit it saying that the report of the on-site government official becomes the hotbeds of the injustice of the politics. In addition, when 丁晏 of the bastard competed against the Liu treasure of the governor-general, I arbitrated it and let you let the heart of two people open and restore relations.

Masses neglected cultivation of Fumitake, and the grandchild sum spoke that I was anxious about becoming crazy about gambling (sugoroku) and let eight people who were in the seat write the idea which reinforced this opinion. Therefore 韋昭 of the bastard out of eight one Crown Prince wrote "a gambling theory" and criticized gambling (sugoroku) ("韋昭伝"). There was the meaning to admonish that 蔡潁 where this was confidential one of the grandchild sum liked gambling indirectly.

Ninomiya case

I refer to "the Ninomiya case"

When the grandchild sum became the Crown Prince, the opinion that you should appoint Mrs. King of the real mother as as the empress opened. Because Sun Ch'uan did not have intention to appoint the empress as, I refused this. It was all public masters of the half-sister in daughters of Sun Ch'uan to have repelled movement on such the grandchild sum side (妻孫魯班 of 全琮). Because the grandchild up of the Crown Prince at the time expected 徐夫人 of mother of the bringing up from the empress though Mrs. Ayumu who was the real mother of all public masters was favored most during the lifetime by Sun Ch'uan, I did not leave it to the empress. When Sun Ch'uan got sick, all public masters used that the grandchild sum was invited to the mansion of 張休 which was the uncle of the wife and did defamatory words for Sun Ch'uan saying "the grandchild sum lets conspiracy turn around at the parents' house of the wife without coming to visit it" and did defamatory words when the King wife of again mother was pleased with Sun Ch'uan being sick. Mrs. King died because of too much sorrow soon, and the favor for the grandchild harmony among Sun Ch'uan declined, too.

According to "the cant phrase of the Yin group," Sun Ch'uan did the grandchild ascendancy that was the half-brother of the grandchild sum in 魯王 from about 243, and I let you live in the same palace, and treatment came to do two people approximately equally. That the 闞 swamp has the time when I acted as the grandchild sum and a person in charge of both education of the grandchild ascendancy ("闞 swamp biography"). When criticism was turned, Sun Ch'uan separated a palace to live in and took measures to let you follow a staff officer against these measures. It caused the opposition of a grandchild ascendancy group and the grandchild sum group in hope of official investiture of the Crown Prince that was going to prevent deposing a prince in this way.

闞 After swamp, 薛綜 died, 吾粲 which became the person in charge of education of the Crown Prince often did 諫言 to Sun Ch'uan and 陸遜 where it was a minister after death of 顧雍 also went along with 吾粲 and did 諫言 to Sun Ch'uan and criticized behavior of 楊竺 and 全寄 of the grandchild ascendancy group. 顧譚 which was a friend of 張休 came to be opposed to 全琮一族 which was father of 全寄 later in conflict with 全寄 of the grandchild ascendancy group. According to "the cant phrase of the Yin group," chief vassals on the grandchild sum side include 施績 (child of 朱然) of 滕胤, the large governor-general of a vermilion support, the disgrace feudal lord of 吾粲, 驃騎将軍 of 顧譚, 太子太傅 of 諸葛恪, 太常 of 陸遜, the generalissimo of the minister, the name of 丁密 of the Chinese administrator.

Defamatory words of 全寄 and 楊竺 worked at one time, and 陸遜 which insisted that you should make the distinction of a real child and the bastard clear died of indignation, and 吾粲, 顧譚 was driven into capital punishment, the exile, and 張休 which was 外戚 of the grandchild sum was driven into an exile, the suicide. 歩 騭 which was the whole families of Mrs. Ayumu became a minister by the personnel affairs of 246 years, and 魯王派寄 りの personnel affairs were done, but Sun Ch'uan was not able to take it off in the disherison of the grandchild sum because there were still 諸葛恪 and the vermilion support of the Crown Prince group to an official, and 歩隲 and 全琮 of 魯王派 died soon.

For 247 years, Sun Ch'uan ordered at 1, Kuzu and when a figure led the military of the ambush to lure 諸葛誕 of Wei and went to the front (江表伝 which "Kure main biography" pulls), the grandchild sum sent a letter of the indicating an error worrying about Sun Ch'uan and was relieved from the heart when Sun Ch'uan returned safely ("Kure main biography").

Disherison and death

For 250 years, the grandchild sum is confined after the Crown Prince was abolished, and the grandchild ascendancy is given an order to start suicide, and 孫亮 will be put up to the Crown Prince newly. According to "the cant phrase," it is said that it is the measures that I performed after Sun Ch'uan who was anxious about the division of the vassal corps talked with 孫峻 of the prime minister. It shot vermilion support that became acting minister then and Chinese administrator me and prayed for the pardon of the grandchild sum from chief vassals of much Kure such as the Chen elephant of Chen plus, 五営督 of の 屈晃, 無難督, but Sun Ch'uan thought this to be it unpleasantly, and vermilion support and 屈晃 received the punishment of 100 times of stick-bashing, and Chen plus, the Chen elephant was executed, and it was whole families wholesale murder. The vermilion support was demoted later and was made to commit suicide before arriving at the post. I was also ousted from 屈晃 and was made to emigrate to the hometown. Besides, dozens of people against these measures were executed and were driven out. 張純 which is the confidant of the grandchild sum is included in this ("Kure book").

When the truth of the fight of the grandchild ascendancy came to be identified as the grandchild sum, I was going to pardon the grandchild sum, but it was objected to all public masters, 孫峻, 孫弘, and Sun Ch'uan gave it up afterwards. The grandchild sum considered to be king Nanyo for 252 years was confined to Changsha. Because 諸葛恪 which held real power of Kure posthumously of Sun Ch'uan was a kinsman of Cho of the honest woman of the grandchild sum (relations of father-in-law (uncle) and the niece), I hung words of comfort to improve the service of the grandchild sum. In addition, I let you arrange a palace of Wuchang that was a former capital to transfer the capital. These actions of 諸葛恪 were considered to be ambition of the restoration of the grandchild sum and 孫峻 which grasped real power in 誅殺後 of 諸葛恪 for 253 years, the following day touched a false charge in such a behavior of dead 諸葛恪 and took up an important government post of the King from the grandchild sum and gave it an order for suicide after having let the new capital emigrate forcibly. Cho of the honest woman committed suicide with the grandchild sum.

I it posthumously

Children of the grandchild sum were brought up by any princess who was the real mother of 孫皓, but the emperor was called from the new capital by 孫亮 when I took place on a grandchild holiday, and 孫皓 of the eldest child was reinstated as 烏程侯. When 孫皓 succeeded to the throne as the emperor of Kure, 諡 did father with the sentence emperor, and the maintenance of the grave and the setting of the county, measures for honor recovery including the new establishment of the joss house were put. 孫皓 seemed to love and respect father very much and performed a festival to worship father when I became the emperor in succession, and it was stopped by a trusted vassal saying "was repeated, worshiping you rather spoils etiquette". In addition, I commanded 韋昭 of the government official in charge of archives and documents to make the biography of an emperor of the grandchild sum, but 韋昭 declined it (there is not the qualification that a biography of an emperor contains because the grandchild sum is not the emperor). I am told that this was a cause of 韋昭誅殺.

When a grandchild rest succeeded to the throne, other children of the grandchild sum were pardoned, too, and, as for the grandchild virtue, in 銭塘侯, 孫謙, 永安侯, 孫俊 (child of Cho) became 騎都尉. However, 孫謙 and 孫俊 are killed all in the times of 孫皓.

Evaluation

I describe Chen Kotobuki as it saying "I acted as superior nature in the preparation, oneself cultivation, but am to die an unnatural death, and to be sad".

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ホウ 煖

The original notation is "龐 煖". The title added to this article becomes incorrect from the limitation of the article name.

龐 煖 (B.C. end of fourth century - B.C. mid-third century not to become mentally weak) a general, Doke (philosopher of speculating on it), a schemer (person of public speaking), a strategist (military thinker) of 趙 of the Chinese age of civil strife. With 龐 煥 (feel one) or 龐 child (make one the will of "the 龐 teacher") [¹]. I mastered Doke thought [¹] and wrote the writing as a schemer and the strategist each [²] and was a superior man of talent for Fumitake including [³] who commanded the allying forces as a lead general of 趙 of cause 名将廉頗出奔後 of 悼襄王.

Table of contents

Career

Intending to tread the path of learning

In the close heart of a mountain of 楚, I learned the cause study of the 鶡 crown boy (and I do not arrive the will of "the teacher who attached the crown of the feather of the copper pheasant") who was a recluse of Doke in one's youth [⁴]. The talks with a teacher and the lord are recorded in all book "鶡 crown child" seven of 19 parts of Doke [¹]. With many things which I seemed to be interested, and the question to a teacher asks the sky and relations of 武 which Doke is from it, but resist military affairs since the days of youth [⁵].

In addition, I made it close before 劇辛 of 趙人 served 燕昭王 (reign B.C. 312-279 years). "It was easy to deal with", and personality was described as (easy to get close very much) from 劇辛 and wrote the book as the schemer and was good at delivery. ^[2][6]

Is begun to catch by 武霊王 (reign from B.C. 326 to 298) of 趙 once, and "a winning person without fighting is asked the opinion about the martial arts of the offspring to be the best", and explain it using both knowledge of strategist and Doke [⁷]; [^{note 1}]. Front and back with the interview of 龐 煖 are unclear, but they do not really attack 武霊王 without a thought and intervene in the successor fight of other countries and do 趙 in what military organization called the Hu clothes equestrian archery reforms with a military power. The public speaking to be seen in "鶡 crown child" 武霊王篇 is the following things [⁷].

"余 is a place to ask a wild rumor, and "you do 100, and you hear the interpretation ("the offspring" has the approximately same sentence, but 武霊王 sells these as a kind of the rumor), and please can lend" 武霊王 to a thing named the good of the 勝 つは good called things named the good of the 勝 つこそ good without fighting without there being it"

龐 Because 煖 "values that the person skillful in it does not take part in war, it is what I use "a plot" as a good plan very much, and the next depends on for "personnel affairs", and and a bad plan is "戦克".

I dazzle the monarch of the enemy country to use so-called "plot" and let indecency change manners and customs and am to let you abandon modesty and are arrogant and leave it the greed. Breaking it disappears in saints if I do so it. Is partial to a person, and make it close, and give you a title though there is not an achievement, and give you a bonus though there is not work; of the mood when is good, permit a crime without permission, and kill a person without grounds if have square it, and tie up people with a law, and brag when oneself is a modest human being, and consider oneself to be the person whom the virtue reached though is a dwarf, and use a useless thing frequently, and is devoted to carapace of a turtle fortune-telling, and it is the thing called morals of Takanori below than the person (being partial) of the heart.

I let the place that is not so that links offering cloth, and is repeated using cash and precious articles, and controls the mouth of the aide to depend on so-called "personnel affairs" (as a bribe), and is not at all so in a place to be so say that it is so at all and am to let you use a way of Tadaomi when you grow away from a monarch.

The armed forces move so-called "戦克" (a war wins) in the country which has finished already declining from the cause and attack it. 越王句践 ruins Kure using this, and 楚 all eats up Chen and 蔡 using this (趙, Wei, Korea), and the three branch families of the Tokugawa house destroy Satoshi using this (the political adversary); Korea (Korea Noriko) using this in the east cut a place into pieces (Mr. 祁氏, sheep tongue of the political adversary).

People of the world insist with "the country which is all powerful beats it by all means, and the small weak な country dies out by all means, and therefore you of the small country cannot become a person of the rule of right and the rule of might, and main (great monarch having 10,000 tanks) of the sovereignty does not fall" about military affairs now. However, it was wide in the summer, and the Yin of a hot water king was small, and the Yin was big, and, as for the lap, 越 was strong small, and Kure was once weak (the small country のはずの latter won to the former of the large country). There is this in so-called (I say to offspring martial arts) "people named the good of the 勝 つは good without fighting" and "I pass through a shade and am of way [^{note 3}], 天武 of the の method [^{note 2}], night travel" again (I say to Doke thought) [^{note 4}].

1 million corpses are scattered, and the bloodshed extends to Chisato and yet still less determines the victory now. Even if there is a meritorious service in war, traps do not yet always extend. As for the saint, single life thinks in this reason (clearly) as 昭然, and single life is pleased (happily) as 欣然. (as for the person present a place) if I grasp rare み, the handle of the saber in a hand in an encampment if I see rare み, the color of the flag (のぼりばた) by a military exploit if the sound of the gong and drum was audible in an ear once み rare by a war, [^{note 5}] that みますが, this rare are 襄 reasons to break it (rather in lords) by kicking it, and to destroy in lords by victory if I go to the front and fight"

I felt deep and grieved over 武霊王 and said. In "余, the person who let's do it when I introspect by oneself whenever it rotates, and mastered virtue in ancient times in days does not feign a life to hear this with the place that the fortune produces being 幽微 what whether the national life and death is what oneself has, and the person who got the main point is that there was not much number of persons"

I am from an old sage by a generalissimo

For 50 years or more, I did not seem to participate in many national affairs, but, under the reign of 恵文王 and 孝成王 following 武霊王, a turning point came over for charges of following 悼襄王. In B.C. 245, 廉頗 and 楽乗 which were a general of the having a long military record have run away by a mistake of the King at the same time (refer to a clause of 廉頗); collected it, and 龐 煖 would be selected as a general in a hurry.

"鶡 crown child" With the exchanges following in 世賢篇 [⁸]. Here, 龐 煖 preaches thought of "idle nature" of Doke and, as for the really able vassal, fame is hard to appear on the face, but warns King of being late by coping of the moving second after I fall into a thing, the crisis that you should take good care of indirectly.

悼襄王 asked you a question in 龐 煖 once. "Is a monarch also the thing which should do something (positively) in the country?"

龐 "I let you cure the illness by all means by 能臣 without using a relative as if it heals by all means if there is already illness whether the King does not know medicine of skilled physician, 俞跗, and virtuous king, 尭 leaves the state that to be it when the fearful god avoided him, and 楚王 does state affairs and treats the soldier of the subordinate to a person, and I used the doctor of the old familiar face by all means without leaving it to the person whom oneself is partial to, and 楚王 gets old, and illness says to the body 煖 when I hear that there is it when I invite 俞跗 by all means and treated you"

"I step" on 悼襄王

龐 "伊尹 is a doctor of the Yin (in other words, I am in charge of state affairs on behalf of King), and, as for the aged person, it is a doctor of King Takeshi of the lap, and, as for a hundred miles, it is a doctor of Hata, and, in monkey 麃, it is a doctor of 郢, and it is a doctor of 晋 for the original season, and, in 范蠡, it is a doctor of 越, and, as for the pipe relation, it is a doctor of 斉, and I did it, and the good is one, but breaking it is not same as the conqueror of the Goka country in old days on a way in 斉 煖 whether the King forgets it"

悼襄王, "please tell me the declining"

龐 煖 "does the King not know the anecdote that a sentence marquis of Wei asked skilled physician, 扁鵲 about?

"Is brothers, but is the superior doctor, anyone serves as three teachers" a sentence marquis; the 扁鵲 sentence marquis who "the oldest brother is the best, and a second eldest brother is next to this, and is a bottom most in I 扁鵲" "may hear a reason?" 扁鵲 Marquis sentence that "could remove it since before the oldest brother being able to look at God in illness, and having become the form, and therefore (nobody notices illness) the fame did not appear outside from my home, and the second eldest brother cured it as soon as illness appeared a little, and therefore (nobody notices that illness was severe) the fame did not appear outside from the gate of the home town, and stabbed it with this 扁鵲 めは chart of the geneology of Buddhist religious tradition with a sharp acupuncture needle, and cast a powerful drug, and tore skin, and therefore feudal lords heard fame, and appeared in a few minutes" if "let pipe relation perform medicine (in other words, state affairs) by a way of 扁鵲 (桓公 of 斉 the aide) (it is said that deal after illness was greatly found out) whether went, on earth, in 桓公, was it able to be a conqueror?"

Quite grasp illness in this way (as for the true skilled physician) in the place without illness; of the name while there is not it, get over, and, using the thing which there is not of the form, form the best effect, and call the underlying thing with nature [^{note 6}]. Therefore a wound amounts to a thigh (dead), and the superior doctor puts the doctor inferior to away though I obey essence of the Creator though I expect immortality to break this forcibly" (like 襄公 of Soong)

悼襄王 "give birth, and there is not the power to prevent a wound (because there are the loyal retainers such as 龐 teachers), but why may somebody add a wound to 余自身 as the hair on 余?"

to command 四箇国

It was 龐 煖 made light of with anonymity for a beginning general, but 伐 つなどして gave fame in an instant, and the head of the allying forces in the last (the Allied Forces by plural large countries) acted as 燕将劇辛 for the age of civil strife, too. 名将王翦 of the war-torn country first avoids a direct confrontation with him, and it is thought that it is not only reason and was the war left side of the stage.

I attack 趙悼襄王三年 (B.C. 242), a swallow and assume 劇辛 of the general a captive [⁹]. In addition, in "Historical Memoirs" "six chronological table" "燕召公世家," a side of 劇辛 which is an old friend despises 龐 煖 and would attack 趙, and 龐 煖 lets 劇辛 die in a loss by this fight and does swallow forces 20,000 to a captive [⁶].

I attacked 蕞 of Hata with 趙悼襄王四年 (B.C. 241), an elite soldier of 四箇国 of 趙, 楚, Wei, the swallow, but therefore I move a soldier and defeat 斉 without letting you fall and take 饒安 [³]. Considered, according to "six chronological tables" "楚世家" "Shin Shun series of biographies," to flight in box valley Seki though Shin Shun of 楚 led the allying forces of the Goka country in the same year, and to have been the movement that cooperated with this [¹⁰].

Is accompanied in the chance, and the 王翦, 桓 齮, Yang edge of Hata sum drops attack 鄴 or 閼與 in 趙 though 趙悼襄王九年 (B.C. 236), Gun Chou attack a swallow, and take 貍 and the positive castle [¹¹]; [¹²]. At this chance it was 龐 煖 to have commanded the expeditionary force to a swallow and I moved the military when I received the report of the Hata forces invasion and hurried to the south, but, according to "Han Feizi" 飾邪篇, was after 鄣 (the 漳 river whole area) already fell [¹³]. 悼襄王 passes away, and [¹¹] that 幽繆王 of the child succeeds to the throne did not seem to be used for this age for the charges of 幽繆王, and after that there is not the record of the activity of 龐 煖.

Writing

『Chinese classics』 "龐 煖" two parts list "龐 煖" three parts of the title in "the art and literature will" as a book of the strategists as a book of the schemers again [²]. I am scattered and lost and exist neither.

Note

Explanatory note

1. The name called 龐 煥 (I feel one) is used only for this ^ one part, and land Tsukuda of Soong carries the opinion called the wrong character of 龐 煖 and the opinion called the older brother of 龐 煖 on board (land Tsukuda note "或作煖." "龐 煥.蓋煖之兄.").
2. The sacred book (land Tsukuda note "shade I pass.黄帝之書也.") which is made a pretext of to Huang Ti who is a legendary initiator of ^ Doke.
3. One of the ideas ("鶡 crown child" "night travel") of the 鶡 crown child who is a teacher of ^龐 煖. The essence of things does not take decided form, and it is said that it is mysterious. "So-called night travel is called heart line or" (person of so-called night travel feeling Yukiya) in a "pipe child" "situation solution".
4. ^龐 煖 discusses the sky and a relationship of 武 with a teacher for four parts in "鶡 crown child" ("鶡 crown child" "近迭" "degree ten thousand" "King 鈇" "兵政"). Most are difficult in an ideological abstract mark.
5. ^ original "是襄主之所破亡也." Or "this is the reason that 襄公 of Soong is destroyed (praised ascendancy at one time in the world), and fell".
6. ^ nature (thing so naturally) was done with best good, a basic principle of the Doke thought by "Laozi" so that there was it saying "law (のっと) り, the ground conformed to the sky as for the person in the ground, and I conformed to the way, and the sky conforms to the way naturally".

Source

1. ^ ^{a b c} "鶡 crown child" "近迭" "degree ten thousand" "King 鈇" "兵政" "study" "世賢" "武霊王"
2. ^ ^{a b c} 中國哲學書電子化計劃 "Chinese classics" "art sentence will"
3. ^ ^{a b} 中國哲學書電子化計劃 "Historical Memoirs" "趙世家" 趙悼襄王四年 "four years 龐 煖將趙, 楚, Wei, Rev. 燕之 銳, attack Hata 蕞, 不拔, 移攻齊, 取饒安."
4. ^ land Tsukuda "鶡 crown child opening" "鶡 冠子楚人也居於深山以 鶡 冠號曰 鶡 crown child"
5. ^ "鶡 crown child" "近迭" "degree ten thousand" "King 鈇" "兵政"
6. ^ ^{a b} 中國哲學書電子化計劃 "Historical Memoirs" "燕召公世家" now Oki 12 years "12 years 趙使李牧攻燕, 拔武遂, person Castle.劇辛故居趙, 與 龐 煖善, 已而亡走燕.燕見趙數困于秦, 而廉頗去, 龐 煖將也 to give it an order to start, 欲因趙 獘 攻之.問劇辛, 辛曰: "龐 煖易與耳." 燕使劇辛將 擊 趙, 趙使 龐 煖 擊 之, 取燕軍二萬, 殺劇辛."
7. ^ ^{a b} "鶡 crown child" "武霊王"
8. ^ "鶡 crown child" "世賢"
9. ^ 中國哲學書電子化計劃 "Historical Memoirs" "趙世家" 趙悼襄王三年 "three years 龐 煖將, attack swallow, 禽其將劇辛."
10. ^ 中國哲學書電子化計劃 "Historical Memoirs" "春申君列傳" Shin Shun aspect 22 years "Shin Shun aspect 22 years 諸侯患秦攻伐無已時, 乃相與合從, 西伐秦, 而楚王為從長, Shin Shun business.至函谷關, Hata dispatch of troops attack, all the feudal lords soldiers flight."
11. ^ ^{a b} 中國哲學書電子化計劃 "Historical Memoirs" "趙世家" 趙悼襄王九年 "nine years 趙攻燕, 取貍, a positive castle.兵未罷, Hata attack 鄴, 拔之.悼襄王卒, 子幽繆王遷立."
12. ^ 中國哲學書電子化計劃 "Historical Memoirs" "秦始皇本紀" 秦始皇十一年 "11 years 王翦, 桓 齮, Yang edge sum attack 鄴, 取九城.王翦攻閼與, 橑 Yang, 皆并為一軍.翦將十八日, 軍歸斗食以下, 什推二人從軍取 鄴 Anyang, 桓 齮 將."
13. "It is 又非秦龜神而趙龜欺也 秦以其大吉, 辟地有實, help swallow existence celebrity 趙以其大吉, ground cut soldier shame, 主不得意而死 趙龜雖無遠見於燕, 且宜近見於秦 臣故曰 ^ 中國哲學書電子化計劃 "Han Feizi" 趙又嘗鑿龜數筴而北伐燕, 將劫燕以逆秦, 兆曰大吉 where "a decoration is wicked", 始攻大梁而秦出上黨矣, 兵至釐而六城拔矣, castle positive in a solstice, 秦拔 鄴 矣, 龐 援揄兵而南則 鄣 盡矣. "

References

• Cima Qian "Historical Memoirs"
• Group hard "books written in Chinese"
• Korea fault "Han Feizi"
• 『鶡 crown child』
  • "鶡 crown child" - The original which there is the school note by land Tsukuda and others of Soong in. 聚文堂、嘉慶甲子（1804年）。
  • 中國哲學書電子化計劃『鶡冠子』 - 原文の電子テキスト。注釈は無し。
  • 訓讀『鶡冠子』 - 立命館大学中国文学専攻による書き下し文（度万第八まで）。

関連項目

• 武霊王
• 悼襄王
• 劇辛
• 春申君

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