In this item, I explain software separating desktop environment together with the OS using virtualization. Please see "a virtual desktop" about the software making plural desktops available in one OS.
With the desktop virtualization (or it is a desktop or is so desktop virtualization), you are called the client virtualization [1], but, in a client server model, carry out plural desktop environment using virtualization. Virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI; virtual desktop infrastructure or virtual desktop interface[2]) Including hardware and the software for とは, virtual environment point to the server system for desktop virtualization [3] [4]. I am divided into remote desktop method and a client hyper visor method whether you carry out whether you carry out desktop environment in a server side by a client-side. When I contribute it from a public cloud over the Internet, I am called DaaS (Desktop as a Service). The remote desktop method may be called presentation virtualization.
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Remote desktop method
These much technical corporate implementation runs a virtualized desktop with a central server of the remote not the local storage of the client of the remote. That is why all programs and data carry it out on a server, and they are kept when a user uses it. I transfer a screen to a client as remote desktop. I can in this way carry out the OS and application on a machine more than the performance of the hardware including the smartphonetabletthin client.
Client hyper visor method
Some virtualization platforms can run plural virtual machines using a hyper visor with the local hardware such as PCs at the same time. This technique is called a client hyper visor. Because the virtual machine image is made with a central server and is managed, it is local, and, as for the change to a desktop imagination machine, both merits to control portability and the machine image by what I carry out intensively are provided because I am reflected through a network by the machine of all users using it. However, it is not portable than pure client server architecture because higher-performance hardware environment is necessary that this method is local and carries out the image of the virtual machine. In addition, I can use this method without building a server, and there is a merit that plural desktop imagination machines are available to small organization or individuals flexibly.
Definition
The desktop virtualization packages access to all information of the system environment or system environment in itself to a client device of the remote and has a technique to send. The client device uses it in the totally different hardware architecture from original desktop environment and may operate it on the OS different at all.
As for the desktop virtualization model, plural users are available on the server that different Desktop was performed one central dispatching of every individual. The central server is the company, and datacenter has it. The user may separate geographically, but it is necessary to be connected to the central server in networks such as LAN or the Internet.
Good and bad points
As for the resource joint ownership model peculiar to desktop virtualization, a computer is advantageous in for a conventional model to work as a perfection self conclusion type unit of the individual operating system, peripheral device, application. Because a resource is assigned to a user as needed and can share a resource again, as a whole, an expense of the hardware may decrease. Because all data are maintained in datacenter and can back it up, the virtualization improves the consistency of data of the user info potentially.
The advantage includes the following:
A desktop image is controllable
It is simpler and provides the new desktop environment (プロビジョニング)
Reduction of the cost to deploy new application
Shortening of the downtime at the time of the hardware obstacle
Longer replacement by purchase cycle of the desktop facilities of the client
Safe remote access to corporate desktop environment
In the case of remote desktop method, the following increases, too
Reduction of the hardware cost
It is feasible in the environment that is higher-performance than a client-side
Restrictions of the desktop virtualization:
Problem on setting up the screwdriver of a printer and other peripheral devices, and maintaining it
It has difficulty in carrying out specific complicated application (multimedia)
Potential security risk when a network is not managed appropriately
When a network disorder occurs, it is increased the downtime. I can prevent it by use of the cluster file system.
Increase of the dependence to the network in the company or the Internet
Cost increase of complexity and VDI introduction and the management [5]
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A light wave homing instruction (I say homing in this way how about) is a homing instruction through the medium of the light wave.
I detect a light wave to come back from an aim with a seeker and am a method to catch a sign by steering a ship in the direction. In the steerage, most adopt a proportional navigation (PN) or a reinforcement proportional navigation (APN).
In an electromagnetic wave, the light wave continues being able to apply it in a small device more in comparison with an electric wave (microwave in particular), and permeability in the atmosphere is low, and there is the fault that the distance that therefore can detect an aim has a shorter from the characteristic top as the frequency. From this, the weapon of the light wave homing instruction method tends to be managed as a handier thing at the range that is shorter than an electric wave homing instruction.
A seeker part of the IRIS-T air-to-air missile. It is the fourth generation IRH instruction system.
I catch infrared rays (InfraRed, IR) which an aim rises from by an infrared sensor, and the infrared homing (English: Infrared homing, IRH) instruction is an instruction method to guide a missile to the direction.
I possessed ability to get fire and four because an instruction process after the discharge concluded in a missile and because guidance controls were relatively small size, light weight, the downsizing of the missile was possible and because an instruction process was simple, the radar of the mother ship was poor and did not have any problem either. It is done important business with an interceptor missile having the engine that an aim becomes the big heat source. In addition, with the change of the detective wavelength and the progress of the instruction system, the adoption example to an anti-ship missile and an anti-tank missile begins to appear, too.
The infrared rays have lower permeability within the range of the atmosphere than an electric wave in a characteristic of the frequency. From this, in the old Western countries, I often adopt IRH instruction to the missile of the range in the visibility by a radar instruction in AAM of the range out of the visibility. On the other hand, I may adopt IRH instruction in AAM of the visibility outside range because I take the tactics to fire the missile of two kinds of two of a radar instruction and the infrared rays instruction at the same time to make the evasion of the target difficult, and to improve hit probability in the former east side countries.
I developed an infrared instruction-type ケ bomb in Japan for last years of the Pacific War, but greeted the end of the war before being completed.
Characteristic of the aim
Because there is a law (Wien's displacement law) that the wavelength of the peak of the radiation from a black body is inversely proportional to temperature, the infrared frequency emitted by the temperature of the aim is prescribed.
I am comprised of the body / hull which is high in around several degrees and the slightly high temperature engine part, and there is emission to assume about 10µm a peak. A radiant intensity greatly changes by an aspect corner and strongly receives influence of the curvature of the earth in the capture at the long distance in particular.
The background consists of the surface of the earth, the sea surface, and contrast is relatively small, and the influence of the clutter is big.
In the plane, emission by the exhaust from a high temperature jet engine is it in emission by the aerodynamic heating (because a body hits the air, I thermally insulate it and am compressed) in the whole body mainly on a leading edge again in many cases in the rear of the body.
A thing by the exhaust: In the jet exhaust (プルーム) that 3 micrometers (µm) of degree of the vent of the body rear is exhausted backward for a peak, infrared rays to 5µm degree are emitted mainly on heated carbon dioxide gas.
A thing by the aerodynamic heating: I am almost equivalent to 10µm obi (wavelength 8 - 12µm).
The background is constructed by the sky and cloud, the horizon / horizon, and there is relatively big contrast.
Because the re-entry body becomes the pole super sonic speed (if even IRBM is around 2km per second, ICBM around 7km per second) at the time of re-entry into the earth's atmosphere, it is heated up than several thousand degrees by aerodynamic heating and there is much emission of the short wavelength and starts it.
Characteristic every generation
The IRH instruction system developed with a technological change as follows.
The first generation
The earliest IRH instruction system adopted the infrared sensor of the non-cooling type with the lead sulfide (PbS) fret electric element. The detective wavelength is 近, short wavelength red outside (N/SWIR) band of about 1-3 micrometers (µm), and this is almost equivalent to the infrared emission band of the jet vent. Therefore, as for the first generation IRH instruction system, it was able to catch an aim only from the backward quadrant that the view could catch jet vent itself at the time of air-to-air shooting, too. In addition, capture has been canceled relatively easily when the capture was very unstable, and an aim performed movement.
Therefore, measures to cool a sensor came to be introduced to reduce a thermal noise from the about 1960s, and to improve sensitivity. There is a thing using a heat electric effect that the cooling system used Joule = Thompson effect, but the former is slightly major.
The second generation
Conventionally, with the infrared sensor of the guidance controls (seeker) of the missile, I adopted a lead sulfide (PbS) fret electric element as a light receiving element, but, in the 1970s, the quantum type (cooling type) infrared rays sensor which assumed indium antimonide (InSb) photodiode a light receiving element reached it for a practical use stage. These infrared rays sensor was able to detect the middle wavelength red outside (MWIR) band where had a long wavelength than a thing by PbS.
Not vent itself, the detection of プルーム exhausted from here was in this way enabled. Although the detection to プルーム has a big aspect dependence; of the body could catch it for all laps and was almost expected when could realize ability for all direction war (All-Aspect Capability, ALASCA). In addition, there was the defendability improvement (the reinforcement of the IRCCM ability) effect to an infrared jamming technology, and the reliability of the circuit improved the semiconductor which did it including adoption of the photodiode by making it it, too.
In addition, at the end of 1980s, the system which used ultraviolet rays sensor by gallium arsenide (GaAs), gallium nitride (GaN) and the cadmium sulfide (CdS) together came up. I aimed at reinforcing IRCCM ability more by using the detection of emitted ultraviolet rays together, and these are named two long light wave homing (IR/UVH) instruction systems (two colors of seekers) by the shell of the plane.
The third generation
An infrared image (Imaging InfraRed, IIR) instruction system has begun to appear by becoming it an integrated circuit and the many elements of the infrared sensor by the technological change of the microprocessor from the 1990s. By the introduction of the image recognition technology, the IRCCM ability improved drastically, and the instruction precision improved again, too.
At this time, the ability for off boresight shooting came to be made much of, too. I enabled this by realization of aim or (LOAL) which caught an aim after discharge by the introduction of expansion and the middle instruction of the missile seeker detection angle by attacking it with the off boresight for the inimical character plane which existed at the position that greatly missed the front. I equip the body side with Head Mount Display (HMD) to show ability for off boresight shooting enough, and a change of the avionics is necessary.
In addition, I receive the practical use of the non-cooling type (temperature graph) image sensor of 常温作働 and practical use of the element material which can cope with an aim of the normal temperature including cadmium mercury (HgCdTe) telluride (can detect the infrared rays of the 10µm Zone), and the application to the field of open battle progresses, too and is adopted to the third generation anti-tank missile. Because I comprise ability to get fire and four by the IRH instruction method including IIR (according to the statement above) whereas instruction work was necessary for a conventional anti-tank missile after the discharge in the mainstream command guidance, movement but to evade counterfire just after discharge is enabled, and the viability of the missile archer greatly improves. But, as for picture, the latter is generally superior when I compare the cooling type with the non-cooling type [1].
Image instruction
The image (English: electro-optical, TV) instruction is an instruction method to perform an end instruction in a video camera carried on the missile tip.
Rock requires trouble unlike GPS and is not suitable for a large number of simultaneous discharge
It is more expensive than GPS, laser guidance
It is of narrow outlook on life, and precision is found for an instruction middle than a radar type
It is hard to use you as a super sonic speed missile
I have などの bad point.
In addition, not only it is said that I let merely aim hit it by the image recognition instruction, but also there is a merit that the designation of the impacted bomb position can be enabled in which which is infrared visible light. I mean that I can neutralize it effectively by this striking the helm rooms of the hostile craft when, for example, I use it for an anti-warship attack, and blowing up any place of the bridge in the air bombardment of enemy forces attack.
Although a sensor was a visible light image method, as for the early model such as the AGM-62 wall eye, a hand-operated order was necessary for an instruction. If a human being ordered the aim image in the image once, a computer performed image recognition and locked it, and a computer distinguished an aim and a background automatically afterward, and an aim was improved afterwards to an image recognition instruction to pursuit autonomy. I became able to in this way leave the mother ship after discharge immediately. In addition, it was necessary that a mother ship closed the aim before discharge at first and worked on a lock-on, but came to be able to lock it afterwards without a mother ship approaching the aim. In this case I approach the aim by a middle instruction by GPS and the INS and start an optical sensor near an aim, and the missile which shot transmits an image to a by radio backward mother ship without locking it, and a lock-on will work by remote control. SLAM is the earliest thing in the west, but, for the model which adopted this kind of method, aim capture by the remote control is enabled even if a discharge mother's body and the distance with the missile are far more than 1,000km by using satellite data link in the タクティカル Tomahawk put to practical use afterwards as a transmission course of the image information.
The cicada active laser homing (English: Semi-Active Laser Homing, SALH) irradiates it with a laser beam for an aim from the laser target designating system of the discharge mother's body (or an other irradiation machine) and is a method to guide a missile to the direction by catching the glance from an aim with the seeker of the missile.
The laser guidance method was relatively classic for the instruction method of the missile, but, in the early days, there were many things that the beam riding methods (LOSBR) such as semiautomatic order line of sight agreement instruction methods (SACLOS) that were a kind of the command guidance were adopted. However, instruction errors increased with a range getting longer and, in this case, principle called the command guidance, had a problem in shooting precision for the movement target in particular. In contrast, because the SALH method is a homing instruction by a proportional navigation (PN) to the reinforcement proportional navigation (APN), there is the good point that instruction precision improves as much as a missile approaches a sign, but, on the other hand, it is technically higher, and there is the fault becoming expensive because I perform the operation for steerage on the missile side.
In addition, like LOSBR method, the irradiation machine has to continue irradiating the laser until a laser guided weapon hits it in the SALH method. This is a problem to perform of 通底 with the cicada active radar homing (SARH) method in the electric wave homing instruction. From this, and, separately from a discharge mother's body, I put a laser irradiation machine on an unmanned plane to improve survival characteristics of the discharge mother's body or may deploy it in the ground Special Forces.
When view is bad, I am not suitable under the bad weather such as an aim and dense fog and the heavy rain to move at high speed until it hits it because you must continue always irradiating it in pinpoint.
Association of defense technology journal editorial department "Chapter 6 deployment electronic equipment technology" "all of weapon and defense technology series 1 plane technologies" defense technology, 2005. ISBN 978-4,990,029,821。
For association of defense technology journal editorial department "Chapter 2 light wave homing instruction" "all of weapon and defense technology series 3 missile technologies" defense technology, 2,006 years, it is 23-55 pages. ISBN 978-4,990,029,821。
In addition, Tranpedia is simply not responsible for any show is only by translating the writings of foreign licenses that are compatible with CC-BY-SA license information.
CEA-2017-A is new revision adopted in July, 2007 of the former ANSI/CEA-2017 standard and uses an original serial protocol based on in-vehicle network Media Oriented Systems Transport (MOST). [2][3] [4] make much of the use limit with the actual machine by the revision of 2007. [5] The device of the new CEA-2017-A standard is incompatible with a device made before revision in 2007. [6]
The PDMI connector intends to play a role as the common wiring between a docking device and a display and ノーマディックデバイス (carrying around apparatus), the portable devices with the media reproduction function. PDMI aims at rearranging ubiquitous of the iPodcradle connector on a host device included in the docking station of the home A/V apparatus, an in-vehicle entertainment system, a digital media kiosk, the entertainment system in the hotel / machine. [7]
PDMI uses 22mm in width, 30 pin sockets of about 2.5mm in height. The cradle type connector is defined, too. The next electrical interface is included in PDMI connector:
2 lane DisplayPort v1.1a belonging to a power supply line of AUX channel, hot plug detection and 3.3V
Host, high output power supply line from both portable devices
The component of DisplayPort provides data-transfer velocity 4.32Gbps, and the reproduction of the 1080p 60p video with the connected display and 8 channel audio systems supports EDID, an indication control command equally. I can convert the signal of DisplayPort into an HDMI format using the start converter circuit of the outside signal conversion adapter with dock or the 3.3V DisplayPort power supply.
Supplying power from both host (docking station) and portable devices supports a portable device with a power supply, battery and can support accessories from a portable device equally.
SuperSpeed of USB 3.0, USB 2.0, USB On-The-Go control file transfer and a device and support the mutual communication between the device equally.
Device using PDMI
The first mass production device from the major maker which incorporated PDMI is 5 in (130mm) tablet devices carrying out Dell Streak, Android OS version 1.6-2.2.
References and the source which I can inspect are not shown at all, or this article is insufficient. You add the source, and please cooperate with the reliability improvement of the article. (August, 2011)
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I came to be called so the script (in English the meaning of "a script, the script") referring to the simple language description method.
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Summary
I say the simple programming language whole to turn more than the meaning mentioned above, and to describe a relatively simple program. I do not add a model to a variable, and there is the definition to call a dynamic model charge account language a script language. But a close definition to the distinction do not exist. There are many things adopting an interpreter method, but the run-time use compiling is prosperous for a performance enhancement. On the other hand, it is a compiler method, but the languages that I can carry out by 1 command from a source code including the go run subcommand of the Go language increase, and, as for "this language, as for "this language, a compiler" and the one which I am particular about are nonsense an interpreter", but there is many I am particular about, turning probably because I am seen for the plain distinction.
Examples of the former (programming language to describe movement contents of the applications software like a script, and to control it) will include the JavaScript for the shell script for the shell of the UNIX, LISP for Emacs, the Web browser.
Examples of the latter (the programming language whole to relatively describe a simple program that turned, and was given meaning to) include perl and PHP. As for perl, a former meaning to describe the operation of the text processing tool was strong in the early days, but in late years [when?] Then it may be said that it developed as a programming language to build a dynamic website (bulletin boards) using CGI mainly at the point of the latter meaning.
In addition, I want to warn you although being very rare because I may call the programming language that I used to implement specific software with a script language. In this sense, one to call "a description language" is desirable. For example, it may be said that a description language of the UNIX is C language.
The following definition is possible, too. It is a language to use to enable it to add a certain function without building the whole a certain program again. For example, it is Emacs Lisp to have been prepared to add a new function to Emacs, and it is SSI and PHP that it was thought to add a function to an HTTP server. These work by an interpreter method in many cases, but there is the thing having mechanism to compile it like a case of Emacs, and to operate fast.
Because it was useful enough even the name called the script language arranged some basic functions sequentially, and to define the new function, I would be touched by the implication such as "a script description". However, I do not only describe movement easily. I possess the data structure description as the programming language, control structure description ability so that the movement that many script languages are complicated enough describes it.
History
The world's first interactive shell was developed for the remote control of the time sharing system in the 1960s. And the method that demand for scripting used the file which stored birth, a simple macrocommand and command line for to omit trouble to devote itself to many times was developed in a command line same an operator by the keyboard of the terminal. This finally led to the development of the shell script. In addition, a very basic implanted script function was developed to facilitate the operation of the batch mode which a human being did not exist among in development of the large, complicated application. In other words, I comprised a function to interpret the order line that a user wrote as some programs, and to carry out. The order line of this case was written by a very special language and virtually buried a program in a program.
As for the script which was low speed written as high-speed programming languages such as the C language in Bourne Shell and AWK, there was a difference in performance clearly historically. However, the performance difference shrank with a technological change, and JAVA and LISP, perl, an interpreter type language such as Python came to be used as a general programming language widely.
It is designed as a general-purpose script language and can speak the language such as Tcl and Lua in form to bury in application and can use it alone. The systems such as Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) are strongly tied to the automation system of the system becoming the base. It has a clear good point to bury a general-purpose script language without developing a new language every application. I omit trouble to develop the function that a developer interprets a language from the beginning and can omit trouble of the learning because the user can speak a known language.
Common Gateway Interface (CGI) makes it possible to control a Web server by a script language. A script language spoken for CGI use early includes perl, ASP, PHP.
Depending on software, I cope with plural different script languages. A recent Web browser includes the language that can expand browser oneself, and, as a standard implantation language for the browser control, there are ECMAScript (JavaScript) and CSS and HTML.
Kinds of the script language were produced by automation of the job control, and perform start and the control of the system program. It may be said that an ancestor of the shells includes Job Control Language (JCL, job control language) of IBM in this sense. Pro-handling of this kind of language (interpreter) most are called a command-line interpreter such as COMMAND.COM of shell and MS-DOS of the UNIX. There is other AppleScript to be able to write a script by a command such as English. In Mac OS X, I can build the whole application using Cocoa and AppleScript or a JavaScript [1].
GUI script
The special script languages for control of the computers were produced by an appearance of GUI. It is a language to exchange that the systems such as a window, a menu, the button were formed, and it simulates what a human hand performs. I automate that a user performs it, and these languages are standardized, and are called macrolanguages generally.
I can control any application to work on a GUI-based computer, but a macrolanguage theoretically exists in response to the specific application and operating system generally. However, there is the language to recognize a graphical object from the pixel placement on the screen among them, and to operate and is manipulability without, in that case, depending on the OS and application.
Language for exclusive use of the application
Most of large-scale application programs include an inherent script language, and a user of the application uses it as needed. Similarly, there is the script language that is inherent to most of TV game systems and is used for behavior of NPC and environmental programming. Such a language is designed only for one application. Outwardly there is the thing which is similar to a specific general-purpose language (with QuakeC, for example, similar to C language in Quake), but often has the special function that there is not for a general-purpose language. Emacs Lisp is a dialect of the LISP language fully equipped with a function, but possesses a lot of special functions that are convenient for the extension and modification of the function of Emacs. I can consider the script language for exclusive use of the application to be a language peculiar to domain specialized in specific application.
Web browser
A Web browser is application to display a web page. An exclusive language to control the operation has been developed. For example, there is XSLT to convert a JavaScript, VBScript (I work only in Internet Explorer) of Microsoft, XUL (I work only in Firefox) of the Mozilla project, XML contents into a new form, and to display it. Technique using XML and the combination of JavaScripts comes to be adopted widely to make the impression of the user better, and to draw a reaction and comes to be touched to the name called the Ajax.
Web server
On the server side in the HTTP link, even dynamic contents servers such as application server or CMS utilize various scripting technique. It is PHP, JSP, ASP that is used well in this domain, but, besides, Ruby on Rails gets popularity in a part.
Text processing language
The text processing is one of the uses of a certain script language for a long time. The script written for AWK, sed, the grep that were a tool of the UNIX has been used to automate the handling of about the configuration file and the log file text format. A regular expression is important in this field. By the script language for the text processing, I express structure for the processing using a regular expression formally.
Originally I was developed for the purpose of the thing more than the limits of the text processing tool, but perl grows up for a general-purpose language now.
The languages such as perl were born as a script language, but grew up for a programming language to be usable in a wider use. By a language similar to perl, I am interpreted during practice, and there is memory management capability and may be called "a script language" because the dynamic language resembles it mutually each. However, there is really the language that is often spoken in the description of the application body. Generally, the author of those languages does not call it "a script language" by oneself.
Expansion / implantation type language
The language to be able to bury in an application program as a substitute of the script language for exclusive use of the application has been designed how many until now. An application programmer elaborates "the hook" for the script language for a program (I use the C language mainly) to let you control the application. Such a language is used in a use same as an expansion language for exclusive use of the application, but there is an advantage to be able to share the skill about the script with different application. The JavaScript was born as a script language in the Web browser, and the use almost still spread out as a language for the general-purpose implantation because it was standardized as ECMAScript. SpiderMonkey which Mozilla in particular implemented is buried in some environment including Yahoo! Widget Engine. As other examples burying implementation (processing system) of ECMAScript, there are Adobe Flash (ActionScript) and Adobe Acrobat (for the scripting of the PDF file) which are a product of Adobe Systems.
Tcl was born as an expansion language, but is often used as a general-purpose language in the same way as Python, perl, Ruby.
It is complicated and, by the application that a use was limited to, comprises an implanted programming language separately from the function that I can offer in normal user interface and provides a further control in a user. For example, 3D authoring tool Maya incorporates a script language MEL. In addition, Blender adopts Python in the use.
A case to add a function to frequently when carry it out when try it in various ways, (e.g., a game engine) uses an implanted language, too. I show power, and prototyping under development can play with a function of the application even if I do not know the core part of the program. Lua and Python are famous, but, for the script language of this use, there are other AngelScript or Squirrel.
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