I am called a mobile broadband (Mobile broadband), and the broadband line by the cable broadcasting is called a home broadband (Home broadband), and the broadband line by the wireless communication is used as the anti-word.
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Present situation of the mobile broadband in the world
It was 26.8Mbps of the European U.K. that the mean line speed of the mobile broadband was the highest in an investigation carried out by Akamai Technologies, Inc. in the fourth-quarter in 2015 in the world [1].
World mobile broadband diffusion rate
From data of June, 2015 of the OECD member nation of the number of the world mobile broadband contractors, I show it to the order of the mobile broadband contractor among a population of 100 people with many ratios [2].
Order
The name of a country
Ratio of mobile broadband contractor among a population of 100 people
I use PDA terminals as modems and am connected to the Internet through a cell-phone line.
Smartphone terminal type and cell-phone terminal type
I use smartphone terminals such as iPhone or Android-Phone, a cell-phone terminal as modems in テザリング and am connected to the Internet through a cell-phone line.
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+ In addition, the WiMAX (positive Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is the service that comes to be able to use the mobile WiMAX network that the UQ communications develops in the CDMA network that KDDI presenting au brand and Okinawa Cellular Telephone present in-house. Each KDDI and Okinawa Cellular Telephone leases the mobile WiMAX net as MVNO and unfolds. The transmission rate is similar to UQ communications and is outbound up to 40Mbps/ up up to 15.4Mbps (by a terminal 10Mbps).
In addition, as for the service that UQ communications provides mobile WiMAX with the dual mode with the CDMA 1X WIN network adversely as MVNO of KDDI, it is called WiMAX+au with this service (WiMAX+au is provided to the MVNO of UQ).
Table of contents
Summary
It is service becoming available at a terminal having one CDMA service that is the communication service of each au brand of KDDI and Okinawa Cellular Telephone and mobile WiMAX service (UQ WiMAX) of the UQ communications, and high speed communication is available in the mobile WiMAX area, and there is the merit that the wide CDMA network of the service area is available besides.
In addition, the +WiMAX-adaptive smartphone terminal is equipped with テザリング (mobile Wi-Fi router) function, and the use is enabled in both of a CDMA network and the mobile WiMAX network. But transmission rate may be regulated only for the communication in the CDMA network when quantity of 3-day data communication until the day before becomes more than it in 3 million packets.
+ The WiMAX became the release to a model in a filler before LTE being started in the summer of 2012.
It was not released with a service start of the au 4G LTE from a model after the autumn of 2012, but, with the start of the WiMAX 2+ service by UQ company, HWD14 which was the try mode terminal with this service (and LTE) was released in 2013. It is said that WiMAX 2+ is optional, and the service name is distinguished from +WiMAX.
Use of +WiMAX charges 525 yen (free until January, 2012) is necessary only in a month using the mobile WiMAX, and I add it, and a packet communication fee is necessary. The system is such that the use charges of +WiMAX are automatically charged when I do mobile WiMAX communication at a terminal, and they do not have to contract with it beforehand in shops.
Service area
The areas that mobile WiMAX is available to are largely more different than a service area of the au to become the service area of the UQ communications. Therefore a mobile WiMAX correspondence area is prepared for separately from a normal area map on a homepage.
Correspondence terminal
The transmission rate in a CDMA network and the mobile WiMAX network varies according to a terminal. In addition, as for ,● seal, the WIN HIGH SPEED-adaptive ・▲ seal supports upbound 15.4Mbps of the mobile WiMAX. ★The terminal where WiMAX 2+ option-adaptive terminal ,☆ seal is released from UQ communications as for the seal.
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VoLTE (English: Voice over LTE, Voice over Long Term Evolution, voice over long shot term evolution, ボルテ) is the name of data communication technology used by a cell-phone and the communication technology standard.
The LTE network is available for high-speed packet switching, but does not assume the circuit switching for voice calls. Therefore it deals with a sound and video communication as data (packet), and it is VoLTE one [1] that standardization is pushed forward as a technique to realize a voice call and video communication in an LTE network in GSMA. The delay that a QoS guarantee grieves at is easy to occur by the VoIP to go by way of the Internet, but controls a delay by the control given priority by the QoS guarantee in VoLTE. In addition, the call quality more than the third generation conventional mobile communication system is got by adoption of the audio codec which is broadband [2].
Table of contents
Summary
VoLTE is the technique that GSMA defined in standard document PRD IR.92 because LTE can deal with a sound in IP multimedia subsystem [3].
The characteristics of VoLTE are as follows.
I eat and can transfer sound service (control plane, media plane) to LTE D as data flow in ARA. It is not in this way necessary to depend on the conventional circuit switching network.
More than 3 times of the 3G UMTS, I have data capacity more than 6 times of the 2G GSM. In addition, I can effectively utilize a bandwidth because the header of the VoLTE packet is smaller than a header of normal VoIP/LTE [4].
Sound quality improves by adoption of the new codec (AMR-WB, EVS).
Speaking high speed LTE data communication is possible.
The interconnection between companies is necessary for the call that stepped over the cell-phone company of high-quality sound, but, as of 2016, there is no company which realized this. In addition, I can enjoy a merit of partial (the speedup of incoming and outgoing calls or speaking LTE data communication) VoLTE except the sound quality when only one side of dispatch or the receipt performs VoLTE correspondence. In addition, I can expect the sound quality improvement of the amount when codec (EVRC-B, AMR-NB) on the cell-phone side becomes the bottleneck of the sound quality at PHS, then including the landline partner.
The connection agreement between cell-phone companies is necessary about the use of VoLTE during global roaming and is gradually pushed forward.
docomo was equivalent only to AMR-WB as audio codec at first, but I provide VoLTE (HD+) in correspondence with EVS codec later and start it.
The au built a network for exclusive use of VoLTE taking advantage of this from a terminal and an SIM card to PLMN and greatly cut a rudder to the direction that broke off support of conventional CDMA2000, and did マイグレーション.
Even if it is dispatch from the LTE area at first in SoftBank, it was the specification that it is done a fallback about the emergency call dials such as the 110th reports by 3G, and is sent to [11], but is improved so that it is sent as VoLTE by February 1, 2017 [12].
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VIA C3 (via sheath Lee) was a CPU of the x86architecture for the personal computer which TaiwaneseVIA Technologies (VIA) developed, and C3 has been ever sold in the name called Cyrix III (rhinoceros Rix three). C3, CyrixIII is based on a core of Centaur Technology which I designed of the WinChip series that VIA purchased together from IDT.VIA C7 (sea seven) was announced as a succeeding product in 2005.
I describe VIA C3 and VIA CyrixIII in this clause.
Table of contents
Cyrix III
Samuel(C5A) CyrixIII processor
Cyrix III (rhinoceros Rix three) is the company's first CPU product which VIA announced in 2000.
I announced the debut with the Joshua deployment product by the design of the Cyrix team which VIA purchased from National Semiconductor at first, but it was the Samuel core deployment product by the Centaur team which similarly VIA purchased from IDT though there was not really an announcement with the released product. For having adopted a brand of Cyrix sequentially though I am based on the WinChip series, I state that I utilize Cyrix brand with the results as a CPU maker in VIA.
I target a low-end PC market, and it was said that I aim at the acquisition of 10% of shares at first in x86CPU market, but was not adopted in a major PC maker. A product brand was changed to C3 after the later Samuel2 core deployment product, and CyrixIII was finished.
Samuel (C5A)
Samuel (Samuel) is developed based on WinChip 4 core and is the CPU core which VIA cast into the market first. For distinction with Samuel2 spent later, I may be referred to Samuel1 core.
Samuel was not equipped with a second level cache, and the floating point number arithmetic unit (FPU) worked in half clock frequency of the movement clock. In addition, I support 3DNow! as a multimedia expansion order, but can process only an order of either at a time because I handle MMX order and the 3DNow! order with an MMX unit. Therefore I was inferior to other competitive products in the core overall performance.
I am prepared by a 0.18μm process, and dghaisa is is small, and the wiring adopts wirebonding because I am comprised of the number of few transistors. Therefore, I do a cheap point to be able to also realize low power consumption with a merit for a competitive product and support electric power saving technology Long Haul. The CPU equipped with Samuel core was sold with a brand of Cyrix III, but the product that a print of VIA C3 was done while carrying Samuel core later appeared.
Joshua
Joshua (Jehosua) is a CPU core developed based on Gobi core. I am prepared by a 0.18μm process of National Semiconductor and work with the core voltage of 2.2V. In addition to seven steps of pipelines, it is equipped with an L1 cache of 64KB and a second level cache of 256KB. I support 3DNow! as a multimedia expansion order.
It was said that the correspondence platform was compatible with Socket 370 of FSB133MHz, and the performance index planned the adoption of the PR rate not notation with a true clock like a product of old rhinoceros Rix.
The rumors such as strategies of VIA which expected the high product of the mass quitting a job of the Cyrix team member and the true clock exist about the cancellation of Joshua, but the official announcement is unidentified without being done at all. After Joshua, the product by the Cyrix team is not announced.
C3
Ezra(C5C) C3 processor
C3 is the CPU product which VIA announced in 2001. It is a succeeding product of CyrixIII and becomes the first model of the VIA C series. I almost succeeded a characteristic of CyrixIII, but the Mini-ITX platform which was equipped with point and C3 where a basic performance enhancement with the improvement and the low heat generation of core were low power consumption, and was released came to be evaluated in one's own PC market and the group market which included it and succeeded in building the constant position in x86 CPU market.
C3 is made with P6 bus licensing agreement with Intel having been completed in March, 2006 and is finished and shifts to C7 which adopted VIA's original V4 bus as a succession product.
Cool Processing was appealed to for as catch copying to appeal to for C3.
Samuel2 (C5B)
シュリンク does Samuel to 0.15μm, and Samuel2 (Samuel two) is the product which I added an L2 cache of 64kB to. In addition, LongHaul is improved in v2, too.
Because the added L2 cache is an exclusion type with the L1 cache of the thing which is small capacity, the use in the high efficiency is possible in an L2 cache than Celeron. Therefore, I became able to be opposed to a competitive product by the application of office which used many integer arithmetic origin. However, the FPUs which worked in half clock frequency did not change and did not extend to the competitive product as an overall performance.
VIA changed the brand name to C3 with product injection of this Samuel2. The reflection to a product package was not enough at first, and "Cyrix III" and the printed product were sold while carrying Samuel2.
Ezra (C5C)
Ezra (Ezra) is the product which シュリンク made a manufacturing process of Samuel2 to 0.13μm. The core voltage was reduced to 1.35V with miniaturization, and the improvement of the movement clock was planned. But the dghaisa is is not changed by Samuel2. 670, Ezra are 678, and, in CPUID, Samuel2 does not fold strange straw into the MODEL ID as 7 probably because there is not a particularly big change though a name is changed from Samuel2(C5B) to Ezra(C5C), and only the STEPPING ID is changed from 0 to 8.
Ezra-T (Ezra tea) is the product which let AGTL where a system bus of Ezra is adopted in Pentium III(Tualatin) support. The change that a capacitor was added to on the surface was carried out with the product of the CPGA package. There is not other big change.
Nehemiah
Nehemiah (Nehemiah or near Maia) is a core of the C3 processor that improvement was largely carried out from a product conventionally which continued being the minor change of the Samuel core. As for the core referred to merely Nehemiah, plural models exist.
C5XL
Nehemiah(C5XL) C3 processor
C5XL is a product spent as Nehamiah core first, and changes include the following.
I increase the number of the pipeline stages to 16 from 12
The full speed of the FPU
I abolish support of 3DNow! and am equipped with SSE unit. Simultaneous handling of MMX and SSE was in this way enabled.
The L2 cache is changed to 16 ウェイセットアソシエイティブ by 4 ウェイセットアソシエイティブ
The addition of two hardware random number generators. I put plural free running oscillators together, and bit string with quantum-like behavior is produced. [1]
I add the CMOV order that a core to Ezra-T did not support and am compatible with i686 perfection.
In addition, a capacitor was added with the product of the CPGA package more than Ezra-T, and, as for the marked logo design, some changes were done. However, a capacitor was corrected to a number same as Ezra-T afterwards with there not being an announcement.
C5P
CPGA, EBGA, C3 of the nanoBGA package
C5P is an improved model of C5XL, and the following improvement is given by C5XL.
In correspondence with APIC, a dual CPU was enabled. The product which carried Nehemiah two was released from VIA.
A collecting mawashi of the wiring was difficult, and though a small maker designed the nanoBGA-adaptive motherboard, I had a problem, and the nanoBGA package was stopped producing because of size.
C5X
VIA planned the injection of C5X as a high-ranking model of C3 of the Nehemiah generation at first. In addition to improvement in C5XL, the plural number order of order decode, an MMX unit, SSE unit, the integer arithmetic unit enables processing at the same time, and this was going to increase an L2 cache in 256kB 16 ウェイセットアソシエイティブ, but C5X is canceled, and a product was not released.
Derivative
Mobile C3 processor of the EBGA package
Eden / C3-E
Eden (Eden) and C3-E (sheath Lee E) are brand names of the product for integration which adopted BGA package. Each core in itself is equal and is common, but it names a fanless thing Eden processor with C3 processor in particular.
In addition, brand in itself of Eden follows a fanless product for integration using the C7 core of the C3 succession and is used.
Cyrix III Mobile
The mobile CPU which Cyrix III Mobile (rhinoceros Rix three mobile) was based on CyrixIII of the Samuel core, and was announced in 2000. I adopt Socket 370 on a platform, and reshuffling of Performance Mode and Power Saving Mode is possible, and it was said that I realized 50% of power consumption reduction and downsizing from CyrixIII by power-saving technical Long Haul, but the adoption example is not confirmed.
Mobile C3
The mobile CPU which Mobile C3 (mobile sheath Lee) was based on Ezra core, and was announced in 2001. Three kinds of the product which adopted EBGA package and MicroPGA package other than the product which adopted product for desktops and common Socket 370-adaptive CPGA package exist, and the core voltage is controlled lower than a desktop version, too. It was adopted with a notebook PC made in some Taiwanese makers.
Antaur / C3-M
The mobile CPU which Antaur (Ann ter) was based on C5XL Nehemiah, and was announced in 2003. Only a 1GHz version with the EBGA package which held height in check to 1.5mm was provided. I hold down the voltage core than a desktop version and am equipped with PowerSave 2.0 as a power-saving technique, and TDP becomes 11w. It was adopted with a notebook PC made in some Taiwanese makers.
Antaur was renamed with brand reorganization of VIA in 2005 by C3-M (sea 3M).
CoreFusion
CoreFusion (core fusion) is the product which became the one tip which integrated a northbridge with C3 processor. There is not the performance merit, but is a product for markets making much of size and weight, power consumption. Luke (rook) which integrated CN400 with Mark (mark) which unified CLE266 is performed a lineup of.
1Giga Pro
1Giga Pro (one giga professional) is an OEM version CPU of Samuel2 core C3 for EBGA equipped with by a motherboard released in 2002 by PC Chips. [2]I am named 1Giga, but am really driven at 733MHz.
specifications stockinette stitches
Processor
VIA Code
Centaur Code
Frequency (MHz)
FSB (MHz)
L1 Cash (kB)
L2 Cash (kB)
FPU Movement frequency
Pipeline The number of the stages
Max TDP (W)
The core voltage (V)
Manufacturing process (nm)
CyrixIII
Joshua
―
(PR) 433-533
66/100/133
64
256
100%
7
Ignorance
2.2
180
CyrixIII
Samuel
C5A
500-667
100/133
128
0
50%
12
8.5
1.9-2.0
180 Al
C3
Samuel2
C5B
700-800
100/133
128
64
50%
12
12
1.6-1.65
150 Al
C3
Ezra
C5C
800-950
100/133
128
64
50%
12
15
1.35
150/130 Al
C3
Ezra-T
C5M
800-950
100/133
128
64
50%
12
15
1.35
150/130 Cu
C3
Ezra-T
C5N
800-1000
100/133
128
64
50%
12
15
1.35
130 Cu
(C3)
Nehemiah
C5X
1-1.4GHz
133
128
256
100%
16
20
1.4-1.45
130 Cu
C3
Nehemiah
C5XL
1-1.4GHz
133
128
64
100%
16
20
1.4-1.45
130 Cu
C3
Nehemiah
C5P
1-1.4GHz
133/200
128
64
100%
16
20
1.4-1.45
130 Cu
Design thought of the CyrixIII/C3 series
CyrixIII and C3 are inferior to a competitive product with the absolute performance and clock, but are characterized by it is cheap and can produce it much than it smaller and being electric power saving. It became the product which appealed to the embedded system market by this.
Because the memory performance is a factor to control performance in many benchmarks, the VIA processor implements a big L1 cache and big TLB, aggressive pre-fetch in various functional enhancements. These functions are not VIA original things, but do not reduce a function to optimize memory access to hold down dghaisa is. A certain 128kB L1 cache always characterizes one of Centaur/VIA designs.
The clock frequency is arrested as the above-mentioned thing which the number of the orders that I can handle in 1 cycle increases by the general words. I do not choose the implementation of the complicated function such as the out of order practice. Improvement of the clock frequency is difficult, and there are demerits such as extra dghaisa is increase or the increase of the power consumption again to implement the complicated logic, and this is because the performance hardly goes up it by relatively several types of application. Atom which Intel developed later follows similar design thought.
The pipeline is adjusted to register - memory interval used in a x86 instruction well, the order of the form between memory - registers to carry it out with 1 clock. I execute some orders used well at few clock speeds in comparison with other x86 processors.
I am implemented in microcode, or the x86 instruction that is not used very much is emulated by other orders. I can save dghaisa is, and power consumption is in this way held down. The influence by the used main application is really minimal.
These design policies were derived from a claim of the RISC of the material. In other words, smaller instruction set, better optimization are connected in doing performance of the whole CPU fast.
Adoption example of the CyrixIII/C3 series
As for the large-scale adoption example of the thing that the model whom CyrixIII was a low-priced model of the small PC maker and employed was announced [3], the presence in the processor market was extremely thin without VIA announcing it.
A brand name was changed to C3, and after that there was not the example adopted to the PC product of the major maker either, but it was adopted and did it, and some presence showed even a product made in maker PC market to the super low price PC of Wal-Mart [4] and the volume sales system company such as the E mountain [5].
VIA made the adoption results with the major maker by C3 and succeeded in putting CPU business on the railroad track.
Episode of CyrixIII/C3
Too strange unique movement is often seen with the other brands in VIA becoming the new entry in the x86 CPU market. I give below an example.
Difference between announcement contents and product specification
Cyrix III was announced as the product which carried the Joshua core of the Cyrix team formally, but the Samuel core of the Centaur team was really carried in Cyrix III which came up.
C3 which carried Samuel2 core was announced as CPGA package product without ヒートスプレッダ, but, in C3 which came up, a marking of with a package belonging to ヒートスプレッダ identical to CyrixIII and CyrixIII was really done at first. Therefore, measures to give A had it stolen by a clock to say 667AMHz to the product of the Samuel2 core for distinction in the clock model to repeat in Samuel and Samuel2 including 667MHz. The marking was changed to C3, but, as for the package, a thing same as CyrixIII continued being used afterwards.
C3 800AMHz which carried Ezra core was announced as core voltage 1.30V, but the product which came up was really core voltage 1.35V. In addition, an engineering sample product was used in the early lot in spite of an official retail package product.
I announced that I distinguished it by giving A to a clock to say to the product of the Ezra core for distinction with 800AMHz because Samuel2 and Ezra repeated in some clock models including 800MHz at the time of the announcement of the Ezra core. However, notation of 800AMHz was really used in the 800MHz version of Samuel2 which circulated in large quantities afterwards and was in a condition not to be able to distinguish it when I did not confirm the core voltage.
Other
From an image of CyrixIII which carried Joshua of the announced Cyrix team design, CyrixIII/C3 was often introduced first when it was the product of the flow of Cyrix. The product which circulated widely is really the product that CyrixIII/C3 descends all from WinChip of the Centaur design together.
A bridge is added to the back side with the package after the Ezra core and can operate FSB and clock magnification freely by operating the open closing of this bridge.
Three kinds of can packages exist in the Ezra core. 最初に登場したのは菓子缶をイメージし原材料名や内容量、「食べられません」などの注意書きをもじった日本語版のパッケージだが、後によりシンプルになった英語版のパッケージに変更された。 また2002 FIFAワールドカップをイメージした缶パッケージが存在する。 Nehemiah以降では英語版パッケージのみが使用された。
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