Methyl lithium (methyllithium) is an organolithium compound expressed in chemical formula CH3Li. I sketch methyl radical with Me and am transcribed into MeLi. I form a meeting body (cluster) in out of the solution and solid state. Reactivity is very high and is used for organic composition as hydrocarbon solution and ether solution. Because I am poor at water and oxygen, it is necessary to handle it under an anhydrous anoxia condition. The normal is not prepared in a laboratory, and solution is commercially available widely.
As for lithium to by-produce bromide, methyl lithium usually exists as this complex to form methyl lithium and a complex. When methyl lithium which does not include halide is necessary, a complex thing is used by chloromethane [1]. Because the lithium chloride does not do methyl lithium and most 錯形成 and precipitates in ether solvents, pure methyl lithium is provided if I filter it and remove it.
Reaction
The nucleophilicity is high at the same time to be a strong base. The carbon atom reacts with a 求電子剤 and proton grant agent with a negative charge formally. I am used as methylator, a re-thiation agent mainly.
For example, it is become lithio when ferrocene works with methyl lithium. I react with the tetrahydrofuran used as a solvent by organic chemistry. I react with water and the alcohol intensely. Because the reaction using methyl lithium is greatly exothermic in many cases, it is necessary to perform it at low temperature.
Methyl lithium is used as a methyl anionic equivalent body. I methylate it when I react it with ketone, and the third grade alcohol is provided when I hydrolyze an intermediate.
Generally, I can handle it more safely, and methyl magnesium halide having equal reactivity is used for the purpose mentioned above.
I can compose the transition metal complex having methyl radical using methyl lithium.
Structure
From NMR spectroscopy of single-crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis and 6Li, 7Li, 13C, two kinds of structure is confirmed. One is a tetrameric cluster with form such as crooked キュバン, and a carbon atom and the lithium atom are located in the top of the cube each. The distance between Li - Li is 2.68Å, and this is approximately equal to the distance in Li2 molecules in a vapor phase. The distance between the C-Li is 2.31Å. The carbon atom is combined with the lithium atom of three hydrogen atoms, three each. (CH3Li)4 does not have volatility, and it is indissolubility, but this depends on the chin stick interaction between the cluster in hydrocarbon solvent. Because the interaction between the cluster is held in check in the case of tetrameric (tert-C4H9Li)4 of more bulky tert-butylithium by three-dimensional repulsion, I have volatility, solubility [2].
It is the cluster of the crooked hexahedron type that Li and C were placed in the top with a hexamer in turn each one more.
It is decided which cluster is easy to be formed by having solvent and additive (lithium bromide) or not. A tetramer is easy to be provided in [3], ether solvents a hexamer in hydrocarbon solvent such as benzene.
Combination
The cluster mentioned above is the compound that the electron including the atom which does not satisfy octet 則is lacking in it. In other words, I do not have enough electrons to form 2 center 2 electronic couplings seen in a general organic compound. The hexamer has 30 electronic (valence electron), but 18 of those are used for C-H combination, and I stay, and 12 are used for clustering. Six electrons are assigned to lithium - lithium combination, and six methyl radical forms combination of η type 3 with a lithium atom by an electron by one each.
The C-Li-binding energy is estimated at 57 kcal/mol by the IR measurement [3].
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In 1922, I am born as a son of 李寛錫 (이관석) in ManchurianTonghua. For 1,942 years, I am a graduate from a Chinese central army military officer school cavalry soldier department. In the World War II end of the war, it is 汪精衛軍少佐.
Graduate from a military English language school on January 28, 1946; and to a first lieutenant appointment (the military turn 10037th) [1]. For the foundation of the first regiment advisor, regiment B squadron (a company commander: 丁一権大尉) platoon leader [2]. A regiment commander [3] first through battalion commanders on May 25.
A regiment commander [4] fourth on August 14, 1948. On June 11, the same year the thirteenth regiment commander [5].
On August 12, 1949 the 16th regiment commander [6]. On September 28, it is Taihaku Mountains ward battle commander.
On June 25, the Korean War broke out, and a 766th corps, a 549th corps struck Northern forces fifth division, the East Coast in the front of the eighth division (the border outbreak of war). When war was prolonged, Li Ch'eng Kei who received a general report from the army headquarters judged it and proclaimed martial law in a field of operations and let you burn up all munitions in funny Fusato and took measures so that refuge evacuated backward in a family and the public institution of the military, the police and it commandeered a vehicle and found mobility. Furthermore, the eighth division provided the family of officers with a salary and the food for six months and I appointed a civil affair director and prepared for the refuge project of inhabitants. It was not seen in other divisions to have prepared for long war in this way.
On June 29, the eighth division received a retreat order of the army headquarters and order was good and retreated for a bank river. The eighth division which gathered in the bank river repeated a surprise attack in Danyang against North Korean eighth division (Kure white dragon major general) and prevented it for five days and retreated in 竹嶺 on July 11. And I showed tough tenacity in State of 竹嶺 - Sakae and secured State of Sakae until 17th. The eighth division becomes the first army corps subordinate in the end of July.
In March, 1951, it is the ninth divisional commander. In April of the year, it is Mt. Taihaku battle commander. On September 1, the same year the seventh divisional commander [9].
In 1952, I successively hold army headquarters front conduct director, the second training director.
In November, 1955, it is Commander district under jurisdiction of fifth.
Mayor of army corps vice-army corps first in February, 1956. Mayor of army corps third in September.
In July, 1957, it is Mayor of the fifth army corps.
I graduate from a national defense graduate school in 1960 and act as the war college president in information staff officer first mate, October in June.
In March, 1962, a job lieutenant general, reserve duty are admitted. An ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary in May of the year to Mexico. It is a goodwill visit in Jamaica in October of the year. In December of the year, I hold an additional post of Republic of Honduras Ambassador, Republic of Panama Ambassador.
I visit Colombia as manager of Korean economic mission in January, 1963. A Guatemalan ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary additional post. I hold an additional post of Republic of Nicaragua Ambassador Jamaican republic Ambassador in July of the year in April of the year.
In October, 1964, it is foreign affairs department wait ambassador.
In August, 1966, it is stationed-in-Turkey Ambassador. I hold an additional post of stationed-in-Jordan Ambassador stationed-in-Iran Ambassador in December of the year in November of the year.
For 1,971 years, it is stationed-in-Austria Ambassador.
It is original bookshop, 1976 until Harutaka Sasaki "outbreak of the Korean War / Korea first book-built military and war".
World Investigation Committee for Investigation Committee for politics and economics "Korea, biographical dictionary 1975 edition world politics and economics in North Korea", 1975.
"Li Ch'eng Kei". Republic of Korea Kensei-Kai. March 5, 2014 reading.
"Li Ch'eng Kei". 国立大田顕忠院. November 25, 2015 reading.
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Li Si Hong (Mi Mi) is in. It was held in 1958, and after being elected for the first time, he served parliamentary members six times in total. Meanwhile, he served as the president of the vice chairman (March 12, 1976 - March 11, 1976) and the largest opposition party in the era (1980 - 1988), including a representative opposition politician in Korea of the era He played an active part.
Li Si Hong
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A step
Born in. After dropping out of law school in Japan (1941), I returned to Korea. In 1946 after the liberation, he became the sales director of the Chongbuk newsletter, and in 48 years he became the city council vice chairman of Cheongju, his hometown. It was held in 1958 and it was the first election (). In April 1960 he participated in former politicians divided by the Democratic Party, for example, as a result of internal conflict triggered by the issue of Prime Minister 's appointment in the Democratic Party of Japan, which was established after the administration collapsed. Since then, he has played an active part in Yuyinzan. In April 1974, Mr. Yanagidayama (then the president) died of illness, afterwards (who later became the president), led the Gyeongji-dong companion party. In 1976, when the largest opposition party of the then-ruling Liberal Democratic Party split into presidents of moderate opposition government and moderate, strengthened political relations with Kim Young-sam.
When political power was forbidden by the new military forces established by May 1980, it became the chairman of the democratic mountain party formed by the same prohibited people gathered together. Afterwards, it was elected to the president of Shinhan Democratic Party (hereinafter referred to as the Shinkin Party) formed in January 1985 by the former Shin-party party politician whose political activity bans were canceled based on the so-called "national unity measures" of the Doo Hwan regime It was. If it was held less than a month after the formation of the Liberal Democratic Party - ran from the electoral district, contributed to the rise of the LDP by leading the opposition boom. But in December 1986 at the end of the Doo Hwan administration, following the announcement of the "Li Wei Rain Concept" that will allow the ruling party / democratic justice party 's constitutional parliamentarian system constitutional amendment on the premise of democratization measures, and then broke the Liberal Democratic Party Following his formation, he announced his retirement from the political world. After that, he spent at Samyang Dong's home without involvement in politics, died on December 9, 2004 (89 years old).
References
Media daum _ (December 10, 2004). Viewed December 26, 2012. Media daum _ (December 10, 2004). Viewed December 26, 2012. *. Republic of Korea Constitutional Assembly
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Li Ke Xing(Rie Koi, _ Li Xingrui _, -), the letter isShunbun. The bureaucracy at the end.
Graduate It organized that it occurred, and it took office after entering the battle of. He was promoted to Kimi Prefecture by raising a credit for the defense of the gate. It is preventing the rebellion at the gate in advance.
, When the Sogoku clan assumed the post, it became a knowledge pursuant to it, and was further promoted to a staff member. , When the Sogoku clan returned to Governor Gojiang, he was in charge of military affairs under that, and assisted in the creation of the military. After the death of the Sogoku clan, I will take office as governor of the River, but when I went to Japan, I got confidence of Lee Munsaku, when I went to Japan, I visited the coastal area and restored the turret. , And promoted the manufacture of vessels and cannons.
, Tianjin Road, then changed to Shandong Tokai Seki. Afterwards, he was appointed Chairman of Long Soryuan, Fujian Assessment Association, Fabric Politics, promoted to Jiangxi caroling. At that time, there occurred, and dozens of churches were destroyed. As soon as he took office he sold off more than ten officials and paid 800 million reparations. Around this time, I propose ten items of new policy such as improvement of school and establishment of bank.
After that, it will be a celebration of Guangdong, but during his tenure he is suppressing the rebellion. , And reforms such as expansion of arms and reduction of redundancy were carried out. Although he became Governor General of Japan, he died during his tenure. I was presented with work.
Source
"Volume 447, Ryoden 234
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Korea literature (ちょうせんぶんがく) is literature written by the Korea race. The current Korean Peninsula is divided artificially to the north and south and calls it "Korea literature" in the north Democratic People's Republic of Korea, but is called with "Korean literature" in the south Republic of Korea. I call it "Korea literature" including both in Japan, but the expression called "Korean literature" exists in a Korean style, too.
It was at the mid-15th century that it was produced wounds, and the Hangul Alphabet which was a letter of a race was written in the Korea literature by classical Chinese basically in the past if they saw it historically, and the traditions such as a kind of Chinese characters used as Korean auxiliary verbs and particles or town bill which transcribed racial words by a kanji as well as Japanese existed. Consciousness that it was official to write by classical Chinese after a product made in Hangul Alphabet wound was strong, and the Hangul Alphabet was not used for a public document until Li-regimed Korea last years, but I received invention of the Hangul Alphabet in the private enterprise, and the pansori of many novels and songs and ballads was written in "the Haruka biographies", and Korea race's original literature began in earnest. Many literary works were announced taking this flow into account for the rule era in Japan in last years of Li-regimed Korea. I call it "Korean literature" including literature of this time or ancient times town song in Korea. Speaking of Korea literature, I point to the literature of Li-regimed Korea Era in particular in Korea.
Table of contents
I am for Korai Era by beginning of the Korea literature
The oldest book in the Korean Peninsula wants to be knit for Korai Era, and and "three Historical Memoirs" is "three ancient tradition" (1145) (1277). Thus, there was not the art which checked the documents which were past than it, but the letter activity was accomplished from the Age of Three Powers. In Kokuryo, in "新集" (all five volumes), Kudara, Silla edites a history book called "the history of nation" "a clerk". I can see "Korea disarray" "花郎世記" "新羅殊異伝" on the documents as well as it. However, they were scattered and lost for Korai Era. The narration which I was slightly informed by learning through the grapevine leaves the wreckage without being able to confirm it about the letter activity that is past than the Age of Three Powers in the present.
"Three Historical Memoirs" "three ancient tradition" is read as a history book, but can read as literature. I can consider that a description about "花郎" was tinged with story characteristics in "three Historical Memoirs", and chaste and strong-minded woman, the devoted daughter biographies such as "都弥伝" "温達伝" include story characteristics in a historical fact again, too. An anecdote of "Prince spring and summer" "King Takeshi of Kudara" is famous for "three ancient tradition".
When Li-regimed Korea Era begins, it is made a wound the Hangul Alphabet (1446), and the literature by writings in Japanese syllabary finally appears. Thus, I may consider it to be birth of the Japanese literature with literature described depending on the situation of the researcher the Hangul Alphabet. However, the Hangul Alphabet remained firmly until the letter of the person who was low (the learning is low) of the social position not to be readable of the kanji and a tendency to look down upon entered after Hangul Alphabet birth in modern times, and the literature activity in the Hangul Alphabet was filled with the risk to threaten the position for an intellectual. Therefore the Hangul Alphabet (writings in Japanese syllabary) was born in Korea and literature activity with the classical Chinese was important and the author served and was going to hide the name with the literature activity in the Hangul Alphabet afterward. It is that purpose that documents written in the Hangul Alphabet have many things of unknown author.
As for the literature activity by the classical Chinese, petty official literature is still prosperous, and "於于野譚" "東野彙輯" "青邱野談" "青邱笑叢" "by valley Nishino" "鵝洲雑録" "turf peaks theories" are written. "古今笑叢" is known as a collection of Korea oldest dirty conversation. Above all, in "金鰲新話" (1494) of Kim Si-sup, value literal as the adaptation novel which came under an influence of Chinese "剪灯新話" is high. "金鰲新話" had been scattered and lost in Korea, but guiding marks for rendering Chinese into Japanese were scored in Japan and were read. Japanese "伽婢子" is thought to be adaptation of "金鰲新話".
In addition, the Hangul Alphabet was used for the kind of the textbook such as "童蒙先習" "捷解新語" "捷解蒙語".
Development of the ancient novel
洪吉童伝
Even if the Hangul Alphabet was born, the Korea literature was still based on classical Chinese and was spelled. In addition, the novel will be recited only in a Confucianism-like background because an evaluation for the reading novel was remarkably low. Such the a series of novels group is called an ancient novel.
As a work in the Hangul Alphabet, "nine cloud dreams" (金萬重) is estimated as the best masterpiece. "謫降七仙林虎隠伝," it is guessed with adaptation of "Dream of the Red Chamber" "張国鎮伝". Even a rare phenomenon translated into classical Chinese later is taking place. As "Dream of the Red Chamber" had a big influence on other writers, the adaptation such as a "玉麟夢" "ball lotus dream" "ball cherry tree dream" appeared in "nine cloud dreams". 金萬重 leaves "謝氏南征記".
"Haruka biography" The "沈清伝" together origin is not sure, but it may be said that it is the narration which I am informed for a long time because a model of "Haruka biography" "沈清伝" is seen in being said that 申在孝 (1812 - 1884) made "song of Haruka" "沈清歌" as a script of the pansori based on "Haruka biography" "沈清伝", various documents. "The Haruka biography" is named a feeling luster novel, and there is "淑香伝" "Shukuei daughter biography" "Hakutsuru fan biography" "深山伯伝" "玉丹春伝" in the novel of the same kind.
Each Great Powers country goes into Asia when I enter the end of 19th century, and the modernization will be pushed forward in foreign pressure in Korea. Even literature greets one turning point at this time. In other words, it is the birth that is in a novel form called so-called "new novel" originating in "혈의누" (tears of blood) of 李人稙. The new novel came up around 1910. It is the novel form that it is in the transition periods from a previous "ancient novel" to 近, a modern novel. The thing called a new novel has "畜獣会議録" (cheap country good), "plum (具然学) during the snow", "Liberty Bell" (plum sea morning) elsewhere. These most trail a story of the politic justice to be seen in an ancient novel and are the contents which extremely criticize old thought, culture again, but are new at a point called the spread of literature through the media such as a writing style, the newspaper of the unification of the written and spoken language. There are not so many works called the new novel and will disappear by an appearance of "the emotionlessness" of 李光洙 before long.
Formation of the modern literature
李光洙
In Korea, it is 李光洙 and 崔南善 to have put a modern novel form or free verse. 李光洙 published "emotionlessness" serially in 1917 and established a modern novel in Korea. 崔南善 dealt with a magazine by oneself and announced "the new style poetry" and contributed the place of upbringing at the same time to have a there being a lot of influence on subsequent poets.
People having such a group of studying in Japan, the fund which can go to the university in that are often children of the relatively rich yang-ban rank, and a principle of proletarian writer gains power as a group opposed to them from the about 1920s. Principle of proletarian writers include Yawara Hayashi, 崔曙海, 崔明熙, 李箕永, 韓雪野, Soong shadow, 洪思容等. They form KAPF and impeached Government General of Korea and bourgeois nationalism as a spokesman of the workers, but this movement remains silent by oppression of Government General of Korea after about 1935.
Korea literature after the rule in Japan
Literature of Korea
The bright activity of young new faces came to come into the limelight firmly in the 1970s. Many young writers including 崔仁浩, 黄皙暎, 趙海一, 趙善作 appeared one after another in the field of novel. The serial story in a newspaper that the people called the writer got a large number of readers in so-called 70s did 席捲. It was to a record-breaking bestseller, and, "the hometown of stars of 崔仁浩 which appeared in this way," "the winter women" of 趙海一 enjoyed a kind of novel golden age.
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