ホレィシォ Nelson Jackson
The first person that I crossed the United States of America by car as for ホレィシォ Nelson Jackson (Horatio Nelson Jackson) (from March 25, 1872 to January 14, 1955). I was called the mad doctor (The Mad Doctor).
There are few paved roads in the United States, and, 100 years ago, the car has not been yet recognized to the general public. Car "which did not need" horse was new, but it was a strange vehicle, and even a person to slightly know thought with simple toy "which was not usable for" practical use. It is the story of such times.
Men who gathered in the club of the university with San Francisco in spring of 1903 heard, ホレィシォ Nelson Jackson "bet 50 dollars on the" which "there was continent crossing by car". Jackson declared it. "Drive by oneself, and cross the United States from San Francisco, and go to New York, and is less than three months"; the thing accompanied near Jackson was fragrant how many people, and finished the preparations for trip from what from the procurement of the car afterwards on only 4th.
Table of contents
I it before a trip
I am born as a child of the clergymen in 1872. In 1893, I open the Vermont University medical department with bra torr rag of Vermont after graduation and move to Burlington afterwards. I marry decorative collar Richardson well in 1899. Father of the decorative collar was a specific medicine of 20% of grain alcohol, the founder of the panes セレリー compound and was the leading millionaire in Vermont.
Jackson stopped a medical profession having slight tuberculosis in 1900, but I went to the honeymoon in Europe and purchased the villa of the Providence island of the champ lane shore and invested it in the coal mine and purchased it to a race horse. The fund of the wife decorative collar contributed all to both it and this. And it was a decorative collar that started a fund on a trip impossible in those days to cross the country by car.
Bet, preparations for trip
Jackson is 31 years old. I lost a heart to a car. It was the car which seemed to be "the hobby that was rich by the simple fashion", but Jackson did not yet think so generally in those days. On May 18, 1903, Jackson was invited as a guest in the club of the San Francisco University. Therefore he makes a bet for 50 dollars (current approximately 1,000 dollars, approximately ten tens of thousands of yen) whether a car can cross the country. Jackson was receiving instruction of the driving during a decorative collar and a stay. He did not have the experience of the driving of enough cars. Of course there were not the maps which you should follow. I was going to return to the house of Burlington a few days later, but Jackson got on the bet.
Jackson looked for the mechanic of the company and a driver. I still persuade young 22-year-old セワール Crocker (Sewall K. Crocker:1881 -1913 a year four a year 22 days a month) and assume it the attendant of the trip. Crocker got money as a bike racer by birth of Washington Tacoma, but worked as an engineer in a gasoline engine factory when I met shift Jackson in California. Crocker suggests that I use the car of "the Winton motor carriage company". I purchase used goods of Winton who was considerably embezzled, and Jackson names name "Vermont" of the hometown. "Vermont" was the 2-crew touring car which I put a 20HP 2 cylinder engine on. A maximum of 30 miles per an hour (48 kilos). And it is a convertible. There is not the roof. There is not the shelter belt, too. Of course as for the side window.
It is May 23 that I say good-bye to a wife and left Palace Hotel of San Francisco. I carried a coat, one set of clothes, sleeping bag, blanket, kitchen utensil, water bag, ax, shovel, telescope, tools, spare part, spare canned gasoline, canned oil, camera, rifle, shotgun, pistol which I reinforced with expectation cloth and 150 feet (approximately 46m) of pulley devices (block & tackle) with the hemp rope (hemp rope). When I waited in a groove, as for this pulley device, it is said that I used it considerably frequently to drag a car.
Founder アレグザンダー Winton of Winton Corporation knew the story that failed to sail across the south western desert, and Jackson took the route of the north side more. If it is this, it does not go along the high place of the Rocky Mountains by a route falling out from Sacramento valley to Oregon trail either and finishes it.
Departure
At first the car went to the east by ferry from progressing, there from San Francisco to Oakland. A tire has gone flat in the place where a place ran 15 miles. Jackson and Crocker were made to use one only spare tire which I possessed on the first day. It is in to have been a spare of the size to be correct to this car alone that I look for it to look for it in San Francisco and at last found.
At night of the second day of the trip, I change the lantern of the side. This is because it was revealed that it is too dark by the first night run. I have two people meet cyclists who rode a bicycle in next destination Sacramento and guide Sacramento. Besides, they gave a road map. The new tire was not available, but it was how many or was able to buy an inner tube.
I left Sacramento and went to the north, but a car was noisy and did not notice it though cookware fell. Besides, a different course is run 108 miles (approximately 170 kilos) by the woman who heard a course. It is said that this is because it wanted to show a family a car.
Jackson estimated the mileage of the day at approximately 200 miles (320 kilos). However, it was only with several times and to run it at midnight that it was made after all. It was absolutely impossible in it every day.
I crossed it while pulling a deep river with a pulley device by the rough course to lead to Oregon. The glasses have been lost in the middle of this route, too. I was made to pay 4 dollars (approximately 85 dollars, approximately a little less than 10,000 yen) to go along the land. When a tire went flat, I trussed a wheel up with a rope and ran. It was barely enough to make telegraphic communication to drop in from San Francisco, and to send a tire for the exchange to the point and came.
I arrive at California Al chula and wait for a tire. I picked up that inhabitants on the car in exchange for seeing Wilde waist show. The tire did not arrive after all, and three days hold decided to continue a trip.
On June 6, a car broke down and had a cowboy pull it to the ranch nearby. Crocker repaired it, but has lost all the gasoline for a fuel leak. Jackson borrowed a bicycle and went for procurement to Oregon Burns of 25 miles ahead. I faced Burns when I came back with fuel to fill it up this time.
On June 9, oil was cut near Oregon Barrah. When Jackson came back to the nearest town where Tooru Kon came to on foot, but it came back to the town to know that Barrah was nearby. I arrive at Oregon Ontario (Ontario, Oregon) the next day. A tire was waiting.
In Idaho Caldwell neighborhood, Jackson and Crocker obtain an American bulldog and name bud (Bud). I wrote the newspaper at the time variously how Jackson obtained a bud, but there was it to the thing which I stole. According to the letter of the wife, it is said that it was said that a certain man sells for 15 dollars (today 320 dollars). Because it was a dusty alkaline way, the eyes of the bud were ruined. Jackson decided to use goggles to Bud. I drank bad water, and Bud got sick then (Winton had neither the roof nor the shelter belt), but regained spirit.
At this point in time, two people and one of them became the celebrity. The place where they arrived was a place to reach, and the newspaper took the photograph and interviewed you. Because inhabitants told that the east side of the Oregon trail is not good at Idaho, the mountain home, Jackson and Crocker change an original course along the south foot of the so toes mountain.
When Crocker wants Winton Corporation to send air in take parts, I hit the direct telegraphic communication. It was this time that Winton motor carriage company knew that a company's car was used for crossing in the United States. After that Winton Corporation cooperates and participates in the victory lap to a hotel of New York City that is the last goal.
On June 16, a coat of Jackson who put away the fund of the trip somewhere of Idaho fell and looked for it, but was not found. Jackson told to send money to a wife by wire to Wyoming Cheyenne at the next stop point. However, the foil bearing of the car was ruined and Crocker begged a farming family and I got a wheel bearing and got it ready from a lawnmower somehow.
Cross-country race
The trip of Jackson presented the aspect of the first-ever cross-country race in the United States halfway.
It is plan (roll up) む in Packard Corporation crossing the continent for the advertising of the new 12HP touring car earlier than Jackson approximately one month later after Jackson left San Francisco on June 20. As for the screwdriver which they prepared, test driver of Packard, another one are reporters of オートモビルマガジン company. The duty arrived at the New York city earlier while advertising a report to the forwarding general public regularly and was to prove the durability of the car. The car which I prepared had a bigger capacity of the gas tank than a thing of Jackson, and the climbing ability was the top, too. Besides, the station of coast-to-coast railroad of the journey main; drop in, and is set at the point, and do an appointment that crew goes ahead and hands necessities, and a trouble of the cars is a plan to dispatch mechanic by train and car from a factory of Packard in Ohio again. If there were this system and performance of the car, I calculated Packard Corporation when I still passed through Jackson.
On July 6, Oldsmobile left by Runabout which was more lightweight than a touring car of Jackson and Packard this time towards New York. It was the driver that Ransome Olds oneself was excellent with two people and mechanic and the person who recognized it that was chosen as a driver. The prize money of 1,000 dollars was promised in the dawn when I arrived.
Victory of one line of Jackson
On July 12, one Jackson arrived at Nebraska Omaha at last. From here, I can go along the paved way a little, and the trip becomes easy.
And, on July 26, 1903, I arrive at New York City. I left San Francisco and, for 63 days and 12 hours 30 minutes, was approximately two months. I spent 8,000 dollars (170,000 dollars, approximately 20 million yen). I won a bet, but 50 dollars did not collect it.
It is August 22 that Packard group arrived. The run days were shorter than Jackson for one and a half days, but there was not a meaning with the second person at all. The Class Oldsmobile arrives on September 17. It was 72 days and 21 hours 30 minutes.
Topic in the middle of the trip
- There were not service stations, but a cooker and a pump, the thing for the farming machine were general shops, and the gasoline was sold. There cannot be car outfitters.
- The meter of the car has fallen on this side that entered Idaho. Therefore, the means which knew how much distance you went ahead through disappeared how much speed they ran at.
- I spread a mugwort 100 feet (approximately 30 meters) to cross the sandy area, and lined up and ran at the top slowly. I stopped a car and came back to the start point on foot and I picked up a mugwort and gathered you and spread it to 100 feet of front of the car again. I repeated this and finally passed the sandy area.
- On one day called New York, they hit the obstacle, and two people and one of them were flown away outside a car soon. The injury had nobody. This was the only accident in the trip.
The later life
Jackson becomes an industrialist in Burlington.
A trip is over, and ホレィシォ Nelson Jackson lives with a decorative collar and a bud in Vermont, Burlington. In Burlington, Jackson meets President Theodore Roosevelt.
Industrialist
I performed publication of the newspaper publisher Vermont daily news and the first radio station WCAX (のちの WVMT) establishment of the town and was the president of the bank again.
Too early death of Crocker
セワール Crocker stayed in New York, and I suggested the trip of the car which made a trip around the world in six months and gathered investors, but the dream did not come true. For the next two years, I spend Europe going on a trip. I come back to hometown Washington Tacoma, but I am attacked in a few minutes by illness. A nervous breakdown for overwork is diagnosed. (the name of disease called the nervous breakdown is not used as a classification of the mental diseases in today's United States to point to the too wide symptom.) On April 22, 1913, I pass away. It was the too early death that was at the beginning of 30 generations.
World War I
When World War I happens, Jackson applies in spite of age of 42 years old in the army. I just contacted Roosevelt because I was not good at all. I go over to Europe as a result officer. War is over, and I am given "a meritorious services in war cross chapter" (Croix de Guerre), and it is returned home as a hero "Distinguished Service Cross" (Distinguished Service Cross) from the U.S. army by France. I am engaged in the foundation of the American legion (American Legion) afterwards. I ran for Vermont governor's race twice, but did not come true.
Later years
1944年、72歳になったジャクソンは車と、当時の新聞のスクラップ、バドのゴーグルをワシントンスミソニアン博物館に寄贈する。晩年は、聞きたいというなら誰にでも、1903年ウィントン社製でジャクソンが『バーモント』と名付けた車での大陸横断冒険物語を語り聞かせることを楽しみとしていた。彼は一度だけバーリントンで10マイルを超えるスピード違反でチケットを切られている。
1955年1月14日、永眠。82歳だった。
ドキュメンタリー
Horatio's Drive: America's First Road Trip (2003)
2003年、ドキュメンタリー映画製作者、ケン・バーンズがホレィシォの番組を制作。2003年10月3日、PBSで放映された。この番組はデイトン・ダンカン(Dayton Duncan)の同名タイトルの本(ISBN 037541536X)を基にしたもの。この番組にはグッド・オールド・ソングもちりばめられている。この番組はDVDとして現在米国で発売されている。
この作成の過程でケンはジャクソンの孫娘からジャクソンが旅の途中に書いた手紙を見せてもらっている。手紙からは、ジャクソンの人生に対する考え方と、思い立ったらやらないと気がすまない性格がよくわかったという。
PBSPBSのホレィシォ・サイト：多くの情報とさらに詳細な情報のための多くのリンクが含まれている。
トリビア
- ホレーショ・ネルソンといえば、アメリカ独立戦争、ナポレオン戦争、トラファルガー海戦で活躍したイギリス海軍提督のネルソン提督の名前として有名。
- ジャクソンは、大陸横断の前に受けていた自分と妻の自動車教習では購入した2台の車を使っていた。この2台は旅に出る前にすでにバーモントに向けて送られていた。
- このときの運転の教官はクロッカーではないかといわれている。
名前の日本語読みについて
Horatioの日本語読みには、ホレーショ、ホレーショー、ホレイショ、ホラティオ、ホラチオ、ホレイティオ、ホレイシオなど様々で統一はない。この項では米語発音に近いホレィシォとした。
スミソニアン博物館 (外部リンク)
参考
英語版Wikipedia Horatio Nelson Jackson
This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia ホレィシォ Nelson Jackson
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