Roof rat
| Roof rat | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Rattus rattus (Linnaeus, 1758) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Japanese name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Roof rat (roof rat) Seed Malus Sieboldii (mole) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Black rat Pinkroof rat Ship rat House rat |
Kind of the large mouse that the roof rat (a roof rat, fame: Black Rat, a scientific name: Rattus rattus) belongs to mouse eyes (rodents), mouse department, the roof rat genus. One of the mice (house rat) having habitation along with a congeneric brown rat, a small mouse in a house and the outskirts. I called a roof rat "a field mouse" in Japan of the Edo era [1].
Table of contents
Distribution
I live in all parts of the world. Thought to be the prehistoric times naturalization animal which almost had habitation in the whole area in Japan, but went through with a human being from the continent in the about second century [2].
The Southeast Asian forest area likes relatively dry places in autochthonism warmly, and arboreal life has been an important element in the life before wearing accompanying characteristics to human life, and the climbing up and down to the high place is proud. It is often this roof rat to run about noisily in in the ceiling to say Roof rat (roof mouse) to fame. In late years I increase in an urban building street. On the other hand, there is many it in lower than basement in the building because the brown rat native to the Central Asia likes wet places, and the coming and going with the high place is slightly weak.
Form
Head long torso 146-240mm, Japanese blue magpie 150-260mm, hind leg long 22-40mm, 150-200 g in weight. The Japanese blue magpie of the roof rat is the same as a head long torso, or tend to be slightly longer than it (for this, the brown rat tends to be have a slightly shorter Japanese blue magpie than a head long torso); [3]. The gray that the back did not have brown, and the ventral took on a fawn and yellowishness in grayish brown or white.
The ear is relatively big, and eyes hide when I defeat it before. I can in this way distinguish it from a brown rat (even if an ear does everything before relatively small, I do not reach the eyes). The number of the nipples is 10-12.
Chromosome number is 2n=42 as well as a brown rat. But with the opinion divided into R.rattus of Oceania Europe and Asian R.tanezumi by a chromosome, a biochemical morphological characteristic [3]. As for the former, it is said that chromosome number 2n=38, the latter are 2n=42.
Habits
Habitat
Most of roof rats live in a building, but they are seen in the outskirts and the forest of the field, and, in Izu Islands, Ogasawara Islands, the South-West Islands, there is the thing living a semiarboreal life and is distributed over the uninhabited island [3].
The roof rat living in a building lives in the relatively dry high place including a building and the in the ceiling. Height and width tend to like space of around 10cm. There is a fold becoming the slipper to the meat ball of hands and feet and I am superior in climbing (I make out father) power and can cross an electric wire or the water pipe skillfully, too.
I am active in the city in the night while Ogasawara Islands are seen in the daytime in the warm island. Because a fur is rubbed in the wall づたいの passage called "a mouse way", black or a sad signature remains on the wall. Because things turning black are often found in the mouse way, the discovery is easy.
Eating habit
With omnivorousness, a kind true kind (cereals and fruit or the artefact) accounts for quantity of of the food majority, and there is relatively little animal food. Meat and the fishery products of the animal do not like it very much, but the Insecta including the cockroach eats willingly. For hydration, I take in the soft stem or leaf.
Increase in the building
In the former Japanese house, the brown rat which dwelled in a cave in a kitchen and the sewer lived apart from the roof rat which nested on a ceiling in ground of the life. Originally there are fewer mice than two kinds of et al. With postwar urbanization, the brown rat which liked an underground shopping center and a wet place including the sewers lengthened a power, but I liked the high place that dried with a high-rise building architecture rush from about 1970, and was superior to climbing, and the roof rat which could come and go along the plumbing freely between floors has begun to be outstanding afterwards. Higher than 9 ratios of thing which was able to conclude of the kind are roof rats, and, according to the investigation in Tokyo, the most of the mouse living in the garrets of the house become the roof rat with the number of mouse-related consultation, and a roof rat occurs in large quantities now on the urban upper floors. [4]
Wariness is hard to strongly capture the roof rat than other mice. There are many things having high ability for poison metabolism of the liver with the tolerance and appears to the raticide, and capture is difficult, and this contributes to the increase, too. Because temperature is kept a fixed throughout the year, the building spreads flourishingly even in winter, and breeding activity rises in particular in Tokyo in the summer, and a roof rat continues multiplying it in a building around major cities. But I am declining exceptionally in Sapporo-shi of Hokkaido, and the movement between the divisions of the city is blocked because road width is wider than other cities of Japan, and a hypothesis that hereditary interchange may be disturbed is proposed.
Recent change
In late years a thing having high ability for poison metabolism of the liver with the tolerance emerges to a raticide [5]. An individual with similar tolerance comes to be seen in the mouse except the roof rat and I generalize it including these and am called "a super rat". The raticide which works for super lat is studied and is commercially available now at drugstores. But super rat most are roof rats.
Life cycle
The gestational period is 21-24 days. The number of the fetuses produces an average of 5.5 child in 2-18 babies. The child weans from the mother as 20th after birth, and the nature matures in 12-16 weeks. The life is 1-2 years in the outdoors.
Natural enemy
The predator cat, weasel, owl, buzzard, アオダイショウ. The rat mite is a lot parasitic on a roof rat. It is a main host of カントンジュウケツセンチュウ in harvest bug and main host, Ogasawara Islands and South-West Islands of the plague chisel at Izu Islands.
House rat
For "the field mice such as Apodemus speciosus, the Japanese field vole having habitation in the outdoors," I call mice having habitation in a house and the outskirts "a house rat". The thing equal to this is almost limited to brown rat, roof rat, three kinds of the mouse among Japanese mice.
References
- ^ Yukibumi Kaneko "viewpoint Tokyo University publication society of the taxonomy biogeography of the mouse", December 15, 2006. ISBN 4-13-060188-1。
- ^ Kinji Suzuki "Japanese foreign mammalian field illustrated book" Obunsha, July 20, 2005. ISBN 4-01-071867-6。
- ^ a b c Ei Abe, Nobuo Ishii, Tetsuro Ito, Yukibumi Kaneko, Kishio Maeda, Shingo Miura, Masaaki Yoneta "mammals revised edition Tokai University publication society of Japan", July 20, 2005. ISBN 4-486-01690-4。
- ^ big city and mouse (PDF)
- Toxic official journal of a scientific society Vol.12 (2009) No. 2 p.61-70 environmental about a present situation so-called super rat of the warfarin-resistant mouse in the ^ country
This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia Roof rat
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