Sumida

Disclaimer (Meinden) is a country that exempts the State from levying the prescribed taxation from the ancient late of Japan to the Middle Ages. · Of the fields where you are exempt from miscellaneous goods and only pay officials It is called miscellaneous service(ぞ う け き め ん ん ん).

Overview

· · ·, And taxation system consisting of trade etc. consists ofgovernment officials(kunzatsu) centered on rice payment from the 10th century to the mid-eleventh century and consisting of ·miscellaneous (Ezuki) to go to two systems, such as. Often, the miscellaneous charge imposed on a person is often made into the shape imposed on the land. When the ruling regime is dismantled, there are sealed objects to be paid to aristocrats and temple shops (Futomatsu, rank, government, martial arts etc. · There are · · · which accounts for the majority of income of aristocrats and temple companies) and taxation goods to temple shops Nationwide benefits such as the one with which the national government gathered is converted to other necessary supplies by combining the tax and the rice planted together by trade) has become stalemate.

At this time, the authority of the administrations of various countries was able to be entrusted largely to the national government from the center. Is suffering from procurement of sealed goods and regular tax items, and unavoidably to domestic land *(Buddhism, a place to hit for it for convenience) was set up, and it began to take over with government officials going up from there. Todaiji Temple in the 11th century had a white rice garbage disinfectant / kerosene (roasted soya sauce) and a savory sauce (like this) in Yamato. In addition, Koshiji has issued a litigation of the national authority and began to admit to the nobility and the temple shrine. This municipal corporation based on exemption from this journal, It says*(Kokemensho).

However, since exemption from public goods was required, permission of · was permitted, the non-import that the government was able to admit was exemption from civil service in principle. According to the manor inventory submitted in accordance with the 2nd year (), about 80% of Kofukuji Manor in Yamato was miscellaneous officials. It seems that Kofukuji which is Mr. Temple of Mr. Fujiwara gained by adding authority to Yamato 's Koji by its authority.

Miscellaneous office is a system in which national government and suppliers (shrines and nobles) share officials and civil servants,semi-non-imported (Hanfu ゆ) also said. The right of examination was on the side of the national government, and due to the collection of government officials there were many entrants of the national sports council, the right of the supporter was unstable to the national government. Also, Sumita did not designate specific cultivated land at the beginning but only a certain area was designated in a certain area (county · village · villa), the ground was not fixed It was****(Ukenshin). Of course, there was not a group of gifts in one area but scattered all over the place.

On the supplier side, by gathering the scattered deducers in one place, fixing floating dismissals and converting them to constant funeral standards, we aim to grasp the land and cultivation owner together . Municipal office workers are converted into monorail which permits the warrant of one year's warranty by acquiring a non-privatization that refuses government officials and domestic employment part, strengthening the right of the beneficiary as municipal office workers are standardized I did it. Since the 12th century, with the clarification of the sanctuary classification based on the manorial arrangement, the semi-non-transfusion shrunk. Depending on the accumulation of miscellaneous ministry ****(Ezumenkishin) is said to be a transient personality before being a complete manuscript as a manor unfinished.

However, not all miscellaneous experts / semi-imports have disappeared, butthe county of shimazuso which is the biggest manor that spans … · The part called "Yogorigo" belonged both to Kunigami and manor lord even when it was in the Kamakura period. The county divided the government office with the national government, the miscellaneous charge was a special miscellaneous handicraft exercise taken by the Ryoke, the feudal authority, which is located in the Ryo family and was appointed by the Ryo family, housed officials and miscellaneous goods. In this case, Kuniga and Manor are not necessarily conflicting, and the coexistence relationship between them has been continued.

footnote

1. *"Heian heritage" 4639, 4640. 2. Riko Takeuchi "Study of Temple Manor" Takeuchi Risa's book Vol. 3, Kadokawa Shoten, 1999,. Hirofumi Yoshikawa, 1983,. 3. ***Yasuhiko Murai "A Study of the Ancient National Demolition Process" Iwanami Shoten, 1965.

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Post Date : 2018-02-13 08:00

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